TY - JOUR TI - From Theory to Practice: A Critical Review of Positive Youth Development Program Frameworks AU - Arnold, Mary Elizabeth AU - Silliman, Ben T2 - JOURNAL OF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT AB - Many positive youth development (PYD) programs are based on a particular PYD framework as a method for describing the program’s intention and expected outcomes. This paper presents a critical review of eight select program frameworks that are commonly used to describe PYD programs. The review reveals considerable variation in the science supporting these frameworks, with corresponding variability in their programmatic application. To account for this variation, the frameworks were grouped into three categories based on the science and context in which they were developed. After a review of the historical and organizational context for the need and use of program frameworks, we present brief reviews of the frameworks, then close by discussing implications for practice, research, and policy. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.5195/jyd.2017.17 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 1-20 SN - 2325-4017 KW - positive youth development (PYD) KW - PYD frameworks KW - youth program outcomes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cereal Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Regional Dispersion and Relationship With Wheat Stand Denseness AU - Reisig, Dominic D. AU - Bacheler, Jack S. AU - Herbert, D. Ames AU - Heiniger, Ron AU - Kuhar, Thomas AU - Malone, Sean AU - Philips, Chris AU - Tilley, M. Scott T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus L., is a pest of small grains and the literature conflicts on whether it is more abundant in sparse or dense stands of wheat. Our objectives were to determine the impact of stand denseness on cereal leaf beetle abundance and to investigate the regional dispersion of cereal leaf beetles across North Carolina and Virginia. One-hundred twenty fields were sampled across North Carolina and Virginia during 2011 for stand denseness, and cereal leaf beetle eggs, larvae, and adults. Two small-plot wheat experiments were planted in North Carolina using a low and a high seeding rate. Main plots were split, with one receiving a single nitrogen application and one receiving two. Egg density, but not larva or adult density, was positively correlated with stand denseness in the regional survey. Furthermore, regional spatial patterns of aggregation were noted for both stand denseness and egg number. In the small-plot experiments, seeding rate influenced stand denseness, but not nitrogen application. In one experiment, egg densities per unit area were higher in denser wheat, while in the other experiment, egg densities per tiller were lower in denser wheat. Larvae were not influenced by any factor. Overall, there were more cereal leaf beetle eggs in denser wheat stands. Previous observations that sparse stands of wheat are more prone to cereal leaf beetle infestation can be attributed to the fact that sparser stands have fewer tillers, which increases the cereal leaf beetle to tiller ratio compared with denser stands. DA - 2017/6// PY - 2017/6// DO - 10.1093/ee/nvx034 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 425-433 SN - 1938-2936 KW - sampling KW - spatial distribution KW - oviposition KW - Moran's ER -