TY - PCOMM TI - Do patient education materials for physicians help or hurt dietetics professionals? Author's response AU - Taylor, M. L. AU - Kenner, M. M. AU - Gruchow, H. W. AU - Kolasa, K. AU - Dunn, P. C. DA - 1999/// PY - 1999/// SP - 1202 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Baseline fruit and vegetable intake among adults in seven 5 A Day study centers located in diverse geographic areas AU - Thompson, B AU - Demark-Wahnefried, W AU - Taylor, G AU - McClelland, JW AU - Stables, G AU - Havas, S AU - Feng, ZD AU - Topor, M AU - Heimendinger, J AU - Reynolds, KD AU - Cohen, N T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION AB - To examine baseline rates of fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in the 5 A Day research trials in order to identify any regional and sociodemographic differences associated with daily servings.The main outcome measure was the frequency of fruits and vegetables consumed within 1 month of the baseline survey as assessed by a 7-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Participants (N = 15,060) were from 7 study centers. Study centers included schools (N = 48), worksites (N = 60), churches (N = 50), or the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics (N = 15) in interventions to increase fruit and vegetable consumption.Means and standard errors, adjusting for clusters, were calculated. A mixed linear model analyzed relationships between fruit and vegetable consumption and regional center, gender, age, race, education, income, marital status, food-shopping responsibility, and whether one lives with children.Results indicate an overall mean intake of 3.6 daily servings of fruits and vegetables. Significant differences in mean daily servings were found among the regional study centers (low of 3.0 to high of 4.1). There were significant differences in mean daily consumption by age (< 30 years = 3.7 servings per day; 30 to 49 years = 3.4; > or = 50 years = 3.7), education (> high school = 3.4 servings per day; high school graduate = 3.4; some college = 3.5; college graduate = 3.9), race (black = 3.7 servings per day; Hispanic = 3.0; white = 3.6; other = 3.7), marital status (married = 3.6 servings per day; single = 3.5), and food-shopping responsibilities (little = 3.2 servings per day; about half = 3.6; most = 3.8). Only 17% of respondents ate 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day.The 7 regions showed significant variability in daily fruit and vegetable consumption, suggesting that a single national message to increase fruit and vegetable consumption may not reach the population segments most in need of changing. It is advisable to spend more time understanding the food consumption habits of the population under investigation to develop messages to foster behavior change. DA - 1999/10// PY - 1999/10// DO - 10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00306-5 VL - 99 IS - 10 SP - 1241-1248 SN - 0002-8223 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The girl with the brown crayon: How children use stories to shape their lives. AU - DeBord, K T2 - FAMILY RELATIONS DA - 1999/7// PY - 1999/7// DO - 10.2307/585644 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 337-337 SN - 0197-6664 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Utility of produce ratios to track fruit and vegetable consumption in a rural community, church-based 5 a day intervention project AU - Demark-Wahnefried, W AU - Hoben, KP AU - Hars, V AU - Jennings, J AU - Miller, MW AU - McClelland, JW T2 - NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AB - Previous research suggests that grocery store characteristics may be useful in evaluating community-based dietary interventions. We undertook a study to determine whether produce ratios (ratios of produce sales to total grocery sales) were a useful indicator of fruit and vegetable (F & V) consumption in a church-based, community intervention trial that promoted 5 A Day guidelines within 10 rural counties of North Carolina. Produce ratios were collected from stores identified by participants in the Black Churches United for Better Health Project. Baseline and study period data for 21 stores in intervention counties and 18 stores in nonintervention counties were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Produce ratios were significantly associated with seasonality (p < 0.0001), but no differences were seen between the two groups of stores. These findings do not support data from individual telephone surveys, which showed significant differences in F & V consumption between participants in the two groups. Our inability to detect differences at the store level may have been due to 1) the incapacity of produce ratios to capture F & V purchases that were juice, frozen, or canned products; 2) shifts in procuring F & Vs from grocery stores to other sources (i.e., gleaning and produce cooperatives); 3) the modest proportion of shoppers that received the full intervention dose; and 4) a general lack of power to detect differences at the store level. Therefore, although produce ratios did not serve as a valid measure for this project, if their limitations are recognized and compensated for, they may have applicability for future investigations that monitor F & V consumption. DA - 1999/// PY - 1999/// DO - 10.1207/S15327914NC330215 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 213-217 SN - 0163-5581 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fruit and vegetable consumption and prevention of cancer: The Black Churches United for Better Health Project AU - Campbell, MK AU - Demark-Wahnefried, W AU - Symons, M AU - Kalsbeek, WD AU - Dodds, J AU - Cowan, A AU - Jackson, B AU - Motsinger, B AU - Hoben, K AU - Lashley, J AU - Demissie, S AU - McClelland, JW T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AB - This study assessed the effects of the Black Churches United for Better Health project on increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among rural African American church members in North Carolina.Ten counties comprising 50 churches were pair matched and randomly assigned to either intervention or delayed intervention (no program until after the follow-up survey) conditions. A multicomponent intervention was conducted over approximately 20 months. A total of 2519 adults (77.3% response rate) completed both the baseline and 2-year follow-up interviews.The 2 study groups consumed similar amounts of fruits and vegetables at baseline. AT the 2-year follow-up, the intervention group consumed 0.85 (SE = 0.12) servings more than the delayed intervention group (P < .0001). The largest increases were observed among people 66 years or older (1 serving), those with education beyond high school (0.92 servings), those widowed or divorced (0.96 servings), and those attending church frequently (1.3 servings). The last improvement occurred among those aged 18 to 37 years and those who were single.The project was a successful model for achieving dietary change among rural African Americans. DA - 1999/9// PY - 1999/9// DO - 10.2105/AJPH.89.9.1390 VL - 89 IS - 9 SP - 1390-1396 SN - 1541-0048 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Primary care providers need a variety of nutrition and wellness patient education materials AU - Kenner, MM AU - Taylor, ML AU - Dunn, PC AU - Gruchow, HW AU - Kolasa, K T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION AB - To assess and document the need for nutrition and wellness patient education materials.The results of open-ended interviews and focus groups were used to develop a mail-type survey. The 46-item survey addressed barriers to using nutrition and wellness education materials as well as format, education/reading level, foreign languages, and topics needed. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service (NCCES) family and consumer education agents distributed surveys to family and general practices throughout North Carolina.Of the 721 primary care providers surveyed, 303 (42%) returned usable surveys. Respondents practiced in 89 of the 100 counties of the state served by NCCES family and consumer education agents.Descriptive statistics and independent sample t tests were used to analyze survey results.Limited time with patients and inability to obtain materials because of cost or being unsure of sources were most often identified as barriers to using nutrition and wellness materials. Of the 26 topics surveyed, 6 had mean levels of need greater than or equal to high need (mean score > or = 4): weight control for adults, smoking cessation, changing dietary fat intake, exercise guidelines for healthy adults, general stress management guidelines, and healthful eating for older adults. Twenty-four of the 26 topics had mean levels of need greater than or equal to moderate need (mean score > or = 3). Topics with moderate need included guidelines for overweight children and adolescents, nutrition for chronic disease prevention, and healthful eating for various stages of the life cycle. The combined mean score for topics dealing with weight control and exercise for adults, adolescents, and children was greater than the score for high need (mean score > 4). Eighty-three percent of respondents preferred 1-page, printed handouts. Forty-five percent requested materials in Spanish.Dietitians who work in a variety of settings can use techniques similar to those described here to determine the patient education materials practitioners need for the populations they serve. The information obtained from this study will be used to develop 1-page, printed handouts. A registered dietitian and a food and nutrition specialist with NCCES will develop and pilot-test the handouts. These materials will be made available to primary care providers in North Carolina via local NCCES family and consumer education agents, many of whom are registered dietitians. DA - 1999/4// PY - 1999/4// DO - 10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00113-3 VL - 99 IS - 4 SP - 462-466 SN - 0002-8223 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Your first year: A guide for teenage parents. AU - Debord, K T2 - FAMILY RELATIONS DA - 1999/7// PY - 1999/7// DO - 10.2307/585646 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 338-338 SN - 0197-6664 ER -