TY - JOUR TI - Cervical vertebral canal endoscopy in a horse with cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy AU - Prange, T. AU - Carr, E. A. AU - Stick, J. A. AU - Garcia Pereira, F. L. AU - Patterson, J. S. AU - Derksen, F. J. T2 - Equine Veterinary Journal AB - Summary A 3‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding presented with a history of neurological signs, including incoordination in his hindlimbs, of about 7 months' duration. On initial examination, the horse exhibited ataxia and paresis in all limbs with more severe deficits in the hindlimbs. Cervical radiographs displayed severe osteoarthritis of the articular processes between C5 and C6. On subsequent cervical myelography the dorsal contrast column was reduced by 90% at the level of the intervertebral space between C5 and C6. Cervical vertebral canal endoscopy, including epidural (epiduroscopy) and subarachnoid endoscopy (myeloscopy), was performed under general anaesthesia. A substantial narrowing of the subarachnoid space at the level between C6 and C7 was seen during myeloscopy, while no compression was apparent between C5 and C6. Epiduroscopy showed no abnormalities. After completion of the procedure, the horse was subjected to euthanasia and the cervical spinal cord submitted for histopathological examination. Severe myelin and axon degeneration of the white matter was diagnosed at the level of the intervertebral space between C6 and C7, with Wallerian degeneration cranially and caudally, indicating chronic spinal cord compression at this site. Myeloscopy was successfully used to identify the site of spinal cord compression in a horse with cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy, while myelography results were misleading. DA - 2011/6/23/ PY - 2011/6/23/ DO - 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00395.x VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 116-119 LA - en OP - SN - 0425-1644 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00395.x DB - Crossref KW - horse KW - wobbler KW - cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy KW - cervical vertebral canal endoscopy KW - myeloscopy KW - epiduroscopy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of intermittent infusion of bupivacaine into surgical wounds of dogs postoperatively AU - Hardie, Elizabeth M. AU - Lascelles, B. Duncan X. AU - Meuten, Travis AU - Davidson, Gigi S. AU - Papich, Mark G. AU - Hansen, Bernie D. T2 - VETERINARY JOURNAL AB - Thirty-one dogs were randomised to receive intermittent wound infusion of bupivacaine or saline after surgery. Wound pressure sensitivity, pain scores, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, analgesic drugs administered, time to walking and time to eating after surgery were recorded. Plasma bupivacaine concentrations were measured. The relative frequency distributions of the non-interventional and interventional pain scores, but not the relative frequency distributions of palpation pain scores or wound pressure sensitivity, were significantly different between groups following surgery. There was a significant difference between groups in the time to eating and in the amount and timing of analgesic drugs administered. Measured plasma bupivacaine concentrations demonstrated systemic absorption of the drug. Bupivacaine infusion into surgical wounds after surgery may improve post-operative recovery, but no effect on wound tenderness was demonstrated in this study. DA - 2011/11// PY - 2011/11// DO - 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.008 VL - 190 IS - 2 SP - 287-289 SN - 1090-0233 KW - Bupivacaine KW - Local anesthesia KW - Wound infusion KW - Dog KW - Analgesia KW - Post-operative pain ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ronidazole pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral immediate-release capsule administration in healthy cats AU - LeVine, Dana N. AU - Papich, Mark G. AU - Gookin, Jody L. AU - Davidson, Gigi S. AU - Davis, Jennifer L. AU - Hayes, Rebecca B. T2 - JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY AB - Ronidazole (RDZ) is an effective treatment for feline Tritrichomonas foetus infection, but has produced neurotoxicity in some cats. An understanding of the disposition of RDZ in cats is needed in order to make precise dosing recommendations. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous (IV) RDZ and immediate-release RDZ capsules were evaluated. A single dose of IV RDZ (mean 9.2 mg/kg) and a 95 mg immediate-release RDZ capsule (mean 28.2 mg/kg) were administered to six healthy cats in a randomized crossover design. Plasma samples were collected for 48 h and assayed for RDZ using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Systemic absorption of oral RDZ was rapid and complete, with detection in the plasma of all cats by 10 min after dosing and a bioavailability of 99.64 (±16.54)%. The clearance of RDZ following IV administration was 0.82 (±0.07) ml/kg/min. The terminal half-life was 9.80 (±0.35) and 10.50 (±0.82) h after IV and oral administration, respectively, with drug detectable in all cats 48 h after both administrations. The high oral bioavailability of RDZ and slow elimination may predispose cats to neurotoxicity with twice-daily administration. Less frequent administration should be considered for further study of effective treatment of T foetus-infected cats. DA - 2011/4// PY - 2011/4// DO - 10.1016/j.jfms.2010.12.001 VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 244-250 SN - 1532-2750 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrating a One Health approach in education to address global health and sustainability challenges AU - Barrett, M. A. AU - Bouley, T. A. AU - Stoertz, A. H. AU - Stoertz, R. W. T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 239-245 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect and Distribution of Contrast Medium after Injection into the Anterior Suprachoroidal Space in Ex Vivo Eyes AU - Seiler, Gabriela S. AU - Salmon, Jacklyn H. AU - Mantuo, Rebecca AU - Feingold, Steven AU - Dayton, Paul A. AU - Gilger, Brian C. T2 - INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE AB - Purpose.: To determine the effects and posterior distribution of injections made into the anterior suprachoroidal space (SCS). Methods.: The anterior SCS of adult porcine and canine ex vivo eyes was cannulated. Latex injections and high frequency ultrasound (50 MHz) was used to image the effect and distension of the SCS. Flow characteristics and percentage maximal distribution of microbubble contrast injection into the SCS were assessed by 2D and 3D ultrasound. Results.: Mean (SD) distension of the SCS with PBS increased from 1.57 (0.48) mm after injection of 250 μL to 3.28 (0.57) mm with 1000 μL PBS. Eyes injected at physiologic IOP had no significant difference in SCS distension. In real-time 2D ultrasound, the contrast agent flowed from the injection site to the opposite ventral anterior SCS and the posterior SCS. Contrast arrived at the opposite and posterior SCS 7.8 (4.6) and 7.7 (4.6) seconds after injection, respectively. In sagittal images, contrast was visible in 24.0%to 27.2% of the SCS; in 10 of 12 eyes, contrast reached the posterior pole of the eye. In 3D images, contrast medium occupied 39.0% to 52.1% of the entire SCS. Conclusions.: These results suggest that the SCS can expand, in a dose-dependent manner, to accommodate various volumes of fluid and that it is possible to image the SCS with ultrasound contrast. The authors' hypothesis that a single anterior SCS injection can reach the ocular posterior segment was supported. Further development of SCS injections for treatment of the ocular posterior segment is warranted. DA - 2011/7// PY - 2011/7// DO - 10.1167/iovs.11-7525 VL - 52 IS - 8 SP - 5730-5736 SN - 1552-5783 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Successful management of gastrointestinal pythiosis in a dog using itraconazole, terbinafine, and mefenoxam AU - Hummel, James AU - Grooters, Amy AU - Davidson, Gigi AU - Jennings, Samuel AU - Nicklas, Jodi AU - Birkenheuer, Adam T2 - MEDICAL MYCOLOGY AB - Medical therapy for pythiosis is hampered by a lack of efficacious drugs. The present report describes a case of canine gastrointestinal pythiosis in which lesions were resolved through the administration of itraconazole, terbinafine, and the agricultural fungicide mefenoxam. No substantial adverse effects occurred in association with administration of the latter compound. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of mefenoxam and to further assess its tolerability and potential efficacy for the treatment of pythiosis in dogs. DA - 2011/7// PY - 2011/7// DO - 10.3109/13693786.2010.543705 VL - 49 IS - 5 SP - 539-542 SN - 1369-3786 KW - pythiosis KW - dogs KW - terbinafine KW - itraconazole KW - mefenoxam ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Influences Intestinal Barrier Function, Inflammation, and Diarrhea in Weaned Pigs AU - Peace, Ralph Michael AU - Campbell, Joy AU - Polo, Javier AU - Crenshaw, Joe AU - Russell, Louis AU - Moeser, Adam T2 - JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion levels of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on postweaning (PW) intestinal barrier function, mucosal inflammation, and clinical indices of gut health in pigs. Ex vivo Ussing chamber studies were conducted to measure Ileal and colonic barrier function in terms of transepithelial electrical resistance and paracellular flux of (3)H-mannitol and (14)C-inulin. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by histological analysis and mucosal levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Dietary inclusion of 2.5 and 5% SDPP reduced colonic paracellular permeability of (14)C-inulin compared with controls (0% SDPP) on d 7 PW. Both 2.5 and 5% dietary SDPP reduced ileal (3)H-mannitol and (14)C-inulin permeability on d 14 PW. The 5% SDPP diet reduced colonic short-circuit current, an index of net electrogenic ion transport, and fecal scores when measured on d 7 and 14 PW compared with the control and 2.5% SDPP groups (P < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed fewer lamina propria cells in ileum and colon from pigs fed diets containing 2.5 and 5% SDPP on d 7 and 14 PW. Levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα were reduced in the colon but not ileum from pigs fed the 5% SDPP on d 7 and 14 PW compared with controls (P < 0.05). IFNγ levels were lower than in controls in both of the SDPP-fed groups in the ileum and colon on d 7 but not on d 14 PW. Overall, this study demonstrated that dietary inclusion of SDPP had beneficial effects on intestinal barrier function, inflammation, and diarrhea in weaned pigs. DA - 2011/7// PY - 2011/7// DO - 10.3945/jn.110.136796 VL - 141 IS - 7 SP - 1312-1317 SN - 1541-6100 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical and Genomic Characteristics Identify Chicken Proventricular Necrosis Virus (R11/3 Virus) as a Novel Birnavirus AU - Guy, James S. AU - West, Melissa A. AU - Fuller, Frederick J. T2 - AVIAN DISEASES AB - Chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV), isolate R11/3, previously was isolated from transmissible viral proventriculitis-affected chickens and was determined to be the likely etiology of this disease. CPNV was identified as a birnavirus on the basis of virion size and morphology (icosahedral, approximately 75 nm in diameter, nonenveloped); buoyant density in cesium chloride (1.32 g/ml); a genome comprising bisegmented, double-stranded RNA (approximately 3.8 and 3.4 kilobase pairs); and nucleotide sequence analyses. Nucleotide sequencing of CPNV RNA, segment B, identified a single large open reading frame that encodes a 903-amino acid protein. The 903-amino acid protein was identified as the putative VP1, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), on the basis of sequence homologies with other birnavirus VP1 proteins. The CPNV VP1 possessed the unique permuted RdRp sequence motif arrangement characteristic of birnaviruses; however, phylogenetic analyses based on VP1 demonstrated that CPNV is deeply divergent from other birnaviruses. DA - 2011/3// PY - 2011/3// DO - 10.1637/9504-081610-reg.1 VL - 55 IS - 1 SP - 2-7 SN - 1938-4351 KW - birnavirus KW - chicken KW - proventriculitis ER - TY - JOUR TI - ECG of the Month AU - Tou, Sandra P. AU - DeFrancesco, Teresa C. AU - Keene, Bruce W. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DA - 2011/7/1/ PY - 2011/7/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.239.1.55 VL - 239 IS - 1 SP - 55-57 SN - 1943-569X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dietary Arachidonate Differentially Alters Desaturase-Elongase Pathway Flux and Gene Expression in Liver and Intestine of Suckling Pigs AU - Jacobi, Sheila K. AU - Lin, , Xi AU - Corl, Benjamin A. AU - Hess, Holly A. AU - Harrell, Robert J. AU - Odle, Jack T2 - JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AB - Because dietary arachidonate (ARA) and its eicosanoid derivatives are major regulators of intestinal homeostasis and repair following injury, we evaluated the effects of dietary ARA on desaturation and elongation of 13 C-18:2(n–6) and mRNA abundance of Δ-6-desaturase ( FADS2 ), elongase ( ELOVL5 ), and Δ-5-desaturase ( FADS1 ) in liver and intestine. Day-old pigs ( n = 96) were fed milk-based formula containing 0, 0.5, 2.5, or 5% ARA or 5% eicosapentaenoic acid of total fatty acids for 4, 8, and 16 d. In liver, the desaturation rate [nmol/(g tissue·h)] of 13 C-18:2(n–6) to 13 C-18:3(n–6) decreased 56% between 4 and 16 d but was not affected by diet. Whereas accumulation in 13 C-20:3(n–6) also decreased with age by 67%, it increased linearly with increasing dietary ARA ( P < 0.06). In comparison, intestinal flux was ~50% less than liver flux and was unaffected by age, but desaturation to 13 C-18:3(n–6) increased linearly (by 57%) in pigs fed ARA diets ( P < 0.001), equaling the rate observed in sow-fed controls. In both liver and intestine, alternate elongation to 13 C-20:2(n–6) (via Δ-8-desaturase) was markedly elevated in pigs fed the 0% ARA diet compared with all other dietary treatments ( P < 0.01). Transcript abundance of FADS2 , ELOVL5 , and FADS1 was not affected in liver by diet ( P > 0.05) but decreased precipitously between birth and d 4 (~70%; P < 0.05). In contrast, intestinal abundance of FADS2 and FADS1 increased 60% from d 4 to 16. In conclusion, dietary ARA regulated the desaturase-elongase pathway in a tissue-specific manner. In liver, ARA had modest effects on (n–6) fatty acid flux, and intestinal FADS2 activity and mRNA increased. Additionally, hepatic flux decreased with postnatal age, whereas intestinal flux did not change. DA - 2011/4// PY - 2011/4// DO - 10.3945/jn.110.127118 VL - 141 IS - 4 SP - 548-553 SN - 1541-6100 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detection of Chicken Proventricular Necrosis Virus (R11/3 Virus) in Experimental and Naturally Occurring Cases of Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis with the Use of a Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Procedure AU - Guy, James S. AU - West, Melissa A. AU - Fuller, Frederick J. AU - Marusak, Rosemary A. AU - Shivaprasad, H. L. AU - Davis, James L. AU - Fletcher, Oscar J. T2 - AVIAN DISEASES AB - A reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) procedure was evaluated for detection of chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) in transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) –affected chickens. The RT-PCR procedure was compared with indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and virus isolation for detection of CPNV in experimentally infected chickens. Microscopic lesions characteristic of TVP were detected on days 5–35 postexposure (PE) in CPNV-infected chickens; CPNV was detected by RT-PCR on days 3–14 PE in freshly collected proventriculi, and on days 1–14 PE in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) proventriculi. CPNV was detected in proventriculi of experimentally infected chickens by IFA on days 3–10 PE, and by virus isolation on days 1–14 PE. With IFA used as a reference, sensitivity of the RT-PCR procedure with freshly collected and FFPE proventriculi was 88% and 100%, respectively; specificity was 83% and 86%, respectively. Proventriculi (FFPE) obtained from suspect TVP cases (n = 19) were evaluated for presence of CPNV by RT-PCR and microscopic lesions consistent with TVP. CPNV was detected by RT-PCR in proventriculi from 8/11 TVP ( ) cases (24/36 tissue sections). TVP ( ) cases were defined by microscopic lesions characteristic of TVP; CPNV was not detected in proventriculi (0/8 cases, 0/32 tissue sections) in the absence of these lesions. The association between presence of TVP-characteristic microscopic lesions and presence of CPNV was highly significant (P = 0.0014). These findings indicate the utility of the RT-PCR procedure for detection of CPNV and provide additional evidence for an etiologic role for this virus in TVP. DA - 2011/3// PY - 2011/3// DO - 10.1637/9586-102110-reg.1 VL - 55 IS - 1 SP - 70-75 SN - 0005-2086 KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - chicken KW - proventriculitis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Retrospective comparison of the efficacy of fluconazole or itraconazole for the treatment of systemic blastomycosis in dogs AU - Mazepa, A. S. W. AU - Trepanier, L. A. AU - Foy, D. S. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 440-445 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Anaphylactoid reaction in a heartworm-infected dog undergoing lung lobectomy AU - Carter, J. E. AU - Chanoit, G. AU - Kata, C. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 238 IS - 10 SP - 1301-1304 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cervical vertebral canal endoscopy in the horse: Intra- and post operative observations AU - Prange, T. AU - Derksen, F. J. AU - Stick, J. A. AU - Garcia-Pereira, F. L. AU - Carr, E. A. T2 - EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL AB - Reasons for performing study: Despite modern medical diagnostic imaging, it is not possible to identify reliably the exact location of spinal cord compression in horses with cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM). Vertebral canal endoscopy has been successfully used in man and a technique for cervical vertebral canal endoscopy (CVCE) has been described in equine cadavers. Objective: To determine the feasibility and safety of CVCE in healthy mature horses. Methods: Six healthy mature horses were anaesthetised. A flexible videoendoscope was subsequently introduced via the atlanto-occipital space into the epidural space (epiduroscopy, Horses 1–3) or the subarachnoid space (myeloscopy, Horses 4–6) and advanced to the 8th cervical nerve. Neurological examinations were performed after surgery and lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysed in horses that had undergone myeloscopy. Results: All procedures were completed successfully and all horses recovered from anaesthesia. Anatomical structures in the epidural space (including the dura mater, nerve roots, fat and blood vessels) and subarachnoid space (including the spinal cord, blood vessels, arachnoid trabeculations, nerve roots and the external branch of the accessory nerve) were identified. During epiduroscopy, a significant increase in mean arterial pressure was recognised, when repeated injections of electrolyte solution into the epidural space were performed. In one horse of the myeloscopy group, subarachnoid haemorrhage and air occurred, resulting in transient post operative ataxia and muscle fasciculations. No complications during or after myeloscopy were observed in the other horses. CSF analysis indicated mild inflammation on Day 7 with values approaching normal 21 days after surgery. Conclusions: Endoscopic examination of the epidural and subarachnoid space from the atlanto-occipital space to the 8th cervical nerve is possible and can be safely performed in healthy horses. Potential relevance: Cervical vertebral canal endoscopy might allow accurate identification of the compression site in horses with CVSM and aid diagnosis of other lesions within the cervical vertebral canal. DA - 2011/7// PY - 2011/7// DO - 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00310.x VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - 404-411 SN - 2042-3306 KW - horse KW - wobbler KW - cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy KW - cervical vertebral canal endoscopy KW - myeloscopy KW - epiduroscopy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stratum corneum removal facilitates experimental sensitization to mite allergens in atopic dogs AU - Olivry, Thierry AU - Wofford, Jessica AU - Paps, Judy S. AU - Dunston, Stanley M. T2 - VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY AB - Abstract In humans with atopic dermatitis and in mouse models of IgE‐mediated allergic diseases, evidence is mounting that the stratum corneum (SC) provides an important barrier against environmental allergens. At this time, it is not known whether the SC has a similar role in dogs, especially in those with atopic dermatitis. The objectives of this pilot study were to determine whether SC removal led to earlier and stronger sensitization of atopic dogs to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) house dust mites. Five Maltese‐beagle atopic (MBA) dogs were sensitized epicutaneously after the SC was removed with ten tape strips (TS group), while sensitization was done without tape strips in five other MBA dogs (nontape stripping; NTS group). During this 16 week study, sensitization was assessed with allergen‐specific IgE serology, intradermal testing with Df allergens and determination of stimulation indices of blood mononuclear cells cultured with Df and stained for CD4 and the activation markers CD25 or CD30. Compared with dogs from the NTS group, those of the TS group exhibited earlier rises in Df‐specific IgE serum levels, usually had higher allergen‐specific IgE titres, showed higher intradermal test reactivity and had earlier increases and higher percentages of CD25‐ or CD30‐positive activated allergen‐specific peripheral CD4‐positive T lymphocytes. These observations implicate a role of the SC as a barrier limiting sensitization to exogenous allergens in this experimental atopic dog model. DA - 2011/4// PY - 2011/4// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00938.x VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 188-196 SN - 1365-3164 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Successful treatment of infectious (Salmonella type III: 44) polyarthritis and osteomyelitis in a 4-week-old foal AU - Close, K. AU - Gerard, M. AU - Davidson, G. AU - Schramme, M. T2 - EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION AB - This article describes the acute onset of infectious polyarthritis and osteomyelitis in a 4-week-old foal. Analysis of synovial fluid obtained from the left femoropatellar and right tarsocrural joints combined with clinical signs consisting of joint effusion and lameness yielded a diagnosis of septic arthritis. Bacterial culture of synovial fluid from the left stifle revealed Salmonella type III: 44. Rapid, sustained clinical improvement was noted following discontinuation of empirical antimicrobial therapy (potassium penicillin and amikacin sulphate) and initiation of treatment with ceftiofur and ampicillin. The importance of combining knowledge of veterinary pharmacology and microbiology so that appropriate antimicrobials may be selected with regard to the local environment in which they are to eradicate infection is emphasised. Despite frequent reference to amikacin sulphate as an effective antimicrobial for treating infections in foals caused by Salmonella, factors are discussed that explain why amikacin may not be clinically effective for treating infectious arthritis caused by Salmonella. DA - 2011/3// PY - 2011/3// DO - 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00152.x VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 121-126 SN - 2042-3292 KW - horse KW - foal KW - Salmonella KW - septic arthritis KW - antimicrobial KW - bacterial culture ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of Oral Famotidine and 2 Omeprazole Formulations for the Control of Intragastric pH in Dogs AU - Tolbert, K. AU - Bissett, S. AU - King, A. AU - Davidson, G. AU - Papich, M. AU - Peters, E. AU - Degernes, L. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Little is known about the efficacy of commonly used acid suppressants on intragastric pH in dogs.To compare the effect of oral famotidine, 2 formulations of omeprazole, and placebo on intragastric pH in dogs with a catheter-free, continuous pH monitoring system.Six healthy adult mixed-breed colony dogs.Utilizing a randomized, 4-way cross over, open-label study, dogs were administered famotidine PO (1.0-1.3 mg/kg q12h), omeprazole tablet (1.5-2.6 mg/kg q24h), omeprazole reformulated paste (RP) (Gastrogard, 1.5-2.6 mg/kg q24h), and placebo for 7 days followed by a 10-day washout period. Radiotelemetric pH capsules were placed with gastroscopy assistance to continuously record intragastric pH for 4 days (days 4-7 of dosing). The percentage of time that intragastric pH was ≥3 and ≥4 was compared among treatment groups using repeated measures of analysis of variance. Tukey's Studentized range test was used to determine which groups were different with α= 0.05.Mean ± SD percent time intragastric pH was ≥3 and ≥4 was 22 ± 8% and 14 ± 6% for famotidine, 63 ± 14% and 52 ± 17% for omeprazole tablet, 54 ± 17% and 44 ± 18% for omeprazole RP, and 6 ± 6% and 5 ± 5% for placebo. Both omeprazole formulations significantly increased intragastric pH compared with famotidine and placebo, but omeprazole tablet and RP was not significantly different from each other.Oral omeprazole tablet and RP provide superior gastric acid suppression to famotidine, and should therefore be considered more effective for the treatment of acid related disorders in dogs. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0651.x VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 47-54 SN - 1939-1676 KW - Acid disorders KW - Gastroenterology KW - Gastrointestinal ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aqueous humor and plasma concentrations of a compounded 0.2% solution of terbinafine following topical ocular administration to normal equine eyes AU - Clode, Alison AU - Davis, Jennifer AU - Davidson, Gigi AU - Salmon, Jacklyn AU - Lafevers, Heath AU - Gilger, Brian T2 - VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY AB - To determine the transcorneal penetration and systemic absorption of a compounded 0.2% terbinafine solution following repeated topical administration to normal equine eyes. Sample population Six healthy adult horses with normal ocular examinations.One eye of each horse received 0.2 mL of a compounded 0.2% terbinafine solution every 4 h for seven doses. During the 1 h following administration of the final dose, multiple peripheral blood samples were obtained, and a single aqueous humor (AH) sample was collected at the end of the hour. AH and plasma concentrations of terbinafine were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Stability of the formulation was assessed with HPLC analysis over a 14-day time period.Terbinafine was not detected in the AH or plasma of any horse at any time point. No signs of ocular irritation or systemic toxicity were noted in any horse at any time point. The solution was stable over 14 days.Topical ocular administration of compounded 0.2% terbinafine solution does not result in detectable AH or plasma levels following administration to normal equine eyes, suggesting its use for deep corneal or intraocular fungal infections in equine ophthalmology may be limited. DA - 2011/1// PY - 2011/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00841.x VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 41-47 SN - 1463-5224 KW - aqueous humor KW - equine KW - keratomycosis KW - terbinafine ER -