Extant research has well established that exposure to infectious disease can be a significant problem for vulnerable populations that have been deemed "essential" during widespread health crises. We contribute to this growing body of literature by delineating the utility of the critical environmental justice (CEJ) framework for investigating infectious disease in the context of at-risk groups such as farmworker communities. Specifically, we highlight how the four pillars of CEJ are applicable to potential or real exposure to pathogens in farmworkers' living and working spaces, and how responses and support for these essential workers can be shaped by intersectional factors, the "expendability" of farmworkers, and broader state and corporate structural influences. We draw from a case study of Florida farmworker outreach professionals to center the perceptions and experiences of individuals working directly with farmworker communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude with a discussion of how our research contributes to the broader understanding of CEJ in the context of widespread health threats, as well as an overview of lessons learned for regulatory and health agencies.