2020 review
Modeling Pathogen Dispersal in Marine Fish and Shellfish
[Review of ]. TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY, 36(3), 239–249.
MeSH headings : Animals; Aquatic Organisms / microbiology; Aquatic Organisms / parasitology; Aquatic Organisms / virology; Ecosystem; Epidemiologic Methods; Fish Diseases / epidemiology; Fishes / microbiology; Fishes / parasitology; Fishes / virology; Models, Biological; Shellfish / microbiology; Shellfish / parasitology; Shellfish / virology
TL;DR:
How biophysical models function and how they can be used to measure connectivity of infectious agents between sites, test hypotheses regarding pathogen dispersal, and quantify patterns of pathogen spread are described, focusing on fish and shellfish pathogens.
(via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being
(Web of Science)
14. Life Below Water
(OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: March 30, 2020
Bio-physical models are a useful tool for understanding dispersal and transmission of marine pathogens. While utilized for larval dispersal models, they are only recently being used in epidemiological studies and are currently underutilized by the marine epidemiology field. Bio-physical models are useful for spatial planning and coastal management. For example, they have been used for spatial planning of salmon farm site locations, and to establish early warning networks. Bio-physical modeling can be used to test hypotheses, rather than simply develop them. Model resolution and computation demands must be balanced when making decisions about model parameters. Epidemiological bio-physical models are in their infancy. While they have proven useful so far, future applications of these models can incorporate more aspects of disease dynamics and address many additional questions. In marine ecosystems, oceanographic processes often govern host contacts with infectious agents. Consequently, many approaches developed to quantify pathogen dispersal in terrestrial ecosystems have limited use in the marine context. Recent applications in marine disease modeling demonstrate that physical oceanographic models coupled with biological models of infectious agents can characterize dispersal networks of pathogens in marine ecosystems. Biophysical modeling has been used over the past two decades to model larval dispersion but has only recently been utilized in marine epidemiology. In this review, we describe how biophysical models function and how they can be used to measure connectivity of infectious agents between sites, test hypotheses regarding pathogen dispersal, and quantify patterns of pathogen spread, focusing on fish and shellfish pathogens. In marine ecosystems, oceanographic processes often govern host contacts with infectious agents. Consequently, many approaches developed to quantify pathogen dispersal in terrestrial ecosystems have limited use in the marine context. Recent applications in marine disease modeling demonstrate that physical oceanographic models coupled with biological models of infectious agents can characterize dispersal networks of pathogens in marine ecosystems. Biophysical modeling has been used over the past two decades to model larval dispersion but has only recently been utilized in marine epidemiology. In this review, we describe how biophysical models function and how they can be used to measure connectivity of infectious agents between sites, test hypotheses regarding pathogen dispersal, and quantify patterns of pathogen spread, focusing on fish and shellfish pathogens. computational models that simulate the actions and interactions of autonomous agents to better understand the behavior of the whole system. Biophysical models are a type of agent-based model. coupling of several simulations to capture emergent behavior of a system composed of both biological and physical components. Typically, a biophysical model is comprised of an underlying circulation model and an offline particle-tracking model, and the particles are also assigned a biological model to simulate the organism being modeled (e.g., viruses, larvae, bacteria). numerical models that take inputs such as tidal forcing, freshwater discharge, wind stress, heat flux, precipitation, and evaporation. Outputs include current models, as well as salinity and temperature fields. combination of concentration of infectious agents and exposure time resulting in host infection. groups of farms that are required to coordinate treatments in order to limit reinfection from untreated, hydrodynamically connected farms. in network theory, a node exists where two edges connect. In the context of biophysical modeling, it is the point that emits and/or receives particles. These could represent aquaculture sites, or other susceptible metapopulations. simulation in which nodes emit particles that are passively carried by an offline circulation model. Particles can be tracked for a period of interest to see how they move. in the context of biophysical modeling, this means finding ‘real world’ data and comparing these to simulated outcomes to evaluate how accurately the simulation was able to replicate reality. Modeling Pathogen Dispersal in Marine Fish and Shellfish: (Trends in Parasitology, 36:3 p:239–249, 2020)Cantrell et al.Trends in ParasitologyNovember 2, 2020In BriefAn error in the sentence ‘In contrast, the fastest documented spread of wildlife diseases in a terrestrial setting are diseases in Australian rabbits, which spread at a rate of about 1000 km year–1, an order of magnitude slower than in marine environments [4].’ has been corrected as follows: Full-Text PDF