2021 article
A postreplicative C5-cytosine hypermodification triggered by bacteriophage methyltransferase and hydroxylase
Chen, T.-Y., & Chang, W.-chen. (2021, July 13). PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol. 118.
MeSH headings : Bacteriophages / enzymology; Cytosine / metabolism; DNA Replication; Glycosylation; Glycosyltransferases / metabolism; Methyltransferases / metabolism; Mixed Function Oxygenases / metabolism; Substrate Specificity; Viral Proteins / metabolism
TL;DR:
Through bioinfor-matic screening, the authors identify and characterize tailoring enzymes, such as glycosyltransferases, that collaborate with phage C5-MT and TET to further elaborate DNA at 5hmC site.
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(Web of Science)
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Added: August 23, 2021
Viruses of bacteria, also known as bacteriophages, harbor the greatest diversity of DNA modifications identified to date. To fight against restriction endo-nucleases of their hosts, bacteriophages modify their genomic DNA through introduction of various moieties including amino acids, polyamines, and sugars (1, 2). A series of transformations are involved in DNA base modification. Followed by formation of hydroxymethyl pyrimidine nucleotides, which are utilized by DNA polymerase, replication and postreplicative modifications furnish installation of these moieties onto the DNA poly-mer (3 – 7). Burke et al. (8) show that bacteriophages re-sort to C5-cytosine methyltransferase (C5-MT) and 5-methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation enzyme (TET) as an alternative mechanism to postrepli-catively form hydroxymethylcytosine on DNA. The bacteriophage TET enables site-specific hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), installed by C5-MT, to produce 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Through bioinfor-matic screening, the authors identify and characterize tailoring enzymes, such as glycosyltransferases, that collaborate with phage C5-MT and TET to further elaborate DNA at 5hmC site.