2022 journal article
Challenges and opportunities in flexible, stretchable and morphable bio-interfaced technologies
National Science Review, 9(10).
TL;DR:
Bidirectional interfacing provides opportunities in closed-loop operation for autonomous real-time control of biochemical processes relevant for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases or for brain–machine interfaces.
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academic.oup.com (publisher PDF)
Source: ORCID
Added: March 14, 2023
Living organisms operate on the basis of dynamic biochemical processes elicited by a rich diversity of endogenous and exogenous stimuli. For higher-level forms of life, the result manifests as complex patterns of behavior and ultimately in the form of intelligence and consciousness. Emerging classes of biocompatible electronic interfaces support expanding possibilities in bidirectional communication. Examples include innovative interfaces that provide functional access to the central and peripheral nervous systems, vital organs and muscle tissues, as the basis of control (excitatory or inhibitory electrical stimuli (Fig. 1A-i)) and feedback (electrophysiology recordings (Fig. 1Ai– iii)) mechanisms, linked to implanted or externalized hardware and/or software systems for data collection and analytics. Potential applications inhumans span stimulators for treating neurological disorders or chronic pain, to intraoperative devices for surgical uses or diagnostics. Furthermore, bidirectional interfacing provides opportunities in closed-loop operation for autonomous real-time control of biochemical processes (Fig. 1Aii) relevant for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases or for brain–machine interfaces.