@article{birch_emanuel_james_nichols_2016, title={Hydrologic Impacts of Municipal Wastewater Irrigation to a Temperate Forest Watershed}, volume={45}, ISSN={0047-2425}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.11.0577}, DOI={10.2134/jeq2015.11.0577}, abstractNote={Land application of municipal wastewater to managed forests is an important treatment and water reuse technology used globally, but the hydrological processes of these systems are not well characterized for temperate areas with annual rainfall of 1200 mm or greater. This study evaluated the impact of municipal wastewater irrigation to the local water balance at a 3000‐ha land application facility where secondary‐treated wastewater is land applied to a mixed hardwood–pine forest over 900 ha. Stable isotopes of hydrogen (2H) and oxygen (18O), chloride concentrations, and specific conductance were used in combination with hydrometric measurements to estimate the wastewater composition in groundwater, surface water, and at the watershed outlet during dry and wet seasonal periods and during one large rainfall event. Wastewater and water bodies receiving irrigation were found to have significantly higher δ2H, δ18O, specific conductance, and chloride concentrations. Using these tracers, a two‐component, three‐end member geochemical mixing model estimated mean wastewater compositions in the surficial aquifer receiving irrigation from 47 to 73%. Surface water onsite was found to reflect the high wastewater composition in groundwater. Land‐applied wastewater contributed an estimated 24% of total streamflow, with the highest wastewater compositions in surface water observed during major storm events and at low‐flow conditions. Groundwater and surface water within the watershed were found to have proportionally higher wastewater compositions than expected based on the proportion of irrigation to rainfall received by these areas.Core Ideas
Municipal wastewater irrigation to forested lands can substantially alter the local water cycle.
An aquifer receiving spray irrigation was found to be largely composed of wastewater (47–73%).
Influence of spray irrigation on receiving water bodies varies with respect to flow conditions.
}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Environmental Quality}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Birch, Andrew L. and Emanuel, Ryan E. and James, April L. and Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={1303–1312} }
 @article{johnson_shear_james_2011, title={Identifying ecohydrological patterns in natural forested wetlands useful to restoration design}, volume={5}, ISSN={1936-0584}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.227}, DOI={10.1002/eco.227}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTWetland restoration projects across the United States commonly lack the species and hydrology of the targeted community being restored. A better understanding of natural wetlands would help restoration project designers achieve community composition and hydrologic regimes that more closely resemble natural conditions. We investigated two different methods to identify patterns in hydrologic regime useful to restoration design. The first method was based on success criteria commonly used by North Carolina wetland mitigation projects. The second method was based on The Nature Conservancy's Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. To test these two methods, we collected hydrologic and compositional data across the natural variation of nonriverine wet hardwood forest stands, a rare wetland community type commonly restored in North Carolina. Our results show that hydrologic parameters from the first method, based on current success criteria used in North Carolina, are not related to community composition. Hydrologic parameters from the second method, e.g. the maximum water table level over a 3‐day span, explained much of the variation in nonriverine wet hardwood forest community composition. Our results found that clear relationships do exist between hydrologic regime and community composition. Hydrologic parameters that are related to community composition need to be used as success criteria in future restoration designs. This will ensure that projects establish the appropriate hydrologic regime necessary to foster the desired wetland community type. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, number={3}, journal={Ecohydrology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Johnson, Yari Ben and Shear, Theodore Henry and James, April Lynda}, year={2011}, month={May}, pages={368–379} }
 @article{mcdonnell_mcguire_aggarwal_beven_biondi_destouni_dunn_james_kirchner_kraft_et al._2010, title={How old is streamwater? Open questions in catchment transit time conceptualization, modelling and analysis}, volume={24}, number={12}, journal={Hydrological Processes}, author={McDonnell, J. J. and McGuire, K. and Aggarwal, P. and Beven, K. J. and Biondi, D. and Destouni, G. and Dunn, S. and James, A. and Kirchner, J. and Kraft, P. and et al.}, year={2010}, pages={1745–1754} }
 @article{james_roulet_2009, title={Antecedent moisture conditions and catchment morphology as controls on spatial patterns of runoff generation in small forest catchments}, volume={377}, ISSN={0022-1694}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.039}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.039}, abstractNote={Although existing empirical studies of runoff generation in headwater catchments have provided evidence of runoff mechanisms, contributing sources and active flowpaths from forest catchments around the world, our understanding of how hydrologic and biological processes vary and aggregate in space within headwater systems remains poor. In this study, we examine the spatial patterns of storm runoff generation from eight small nested forest catchments ranging in size from 7 to 147 ha, as a function of antecedent moisture conditions and catchment morphology. The catchments, located in the formerly glaciated terrain of Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada, are complex in both their topographic and subsurface characterization. Hydrologic response from the eight catchments shows a strong nonlinear change with antecedent moisture conditions consistent with the hypothesis of different 'states-of-wetness'. With the transition from wet to dry conditions, local groundwater stores become depleted in some ephemeral catchments, variable source areas shrink and new-water delivered by shallow-subsurface stormflow and the transient development of perched water in valley-bottoms can account for much larger percentages of total runoff (up to 76% of total runoff). For the five storm events, no consistent pattern in percent new-water delivery was observed. However, for the storms observed under dry conditions, larger magnitudes of new water were generated from the three largest catchments attributable to basin morphology, while storms observed under wet conditions exhibited no consistent pattern, with larger variability among the smaller catchments. The results presented here illustrate the complexity of influences of antecedent moisture conditions and catchment morphology on spatial patterns of runoff generation in headwater systems.}, number={3-4}, journal={Journal of Hydrology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={James, A.L. and Roulet, N.T.}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={351–366} }
 @article{meerveld_james_mcdonnell_peters_2008, title={A reference data set of hillslope rainfall-runoff response, Panola Mountain Research Watershed, United States}, volume={44}, number={6}, journal={Water Resources Research}, author={Meerveld, H. J. T. V. and James, A. L. and McDonnell, J. J. and Peters, N. E.}, year={2008} }