@article{pirraglia_gonzalez_denig_saloni_2013, title={Technical and Economic Modeling for the Production of Torrefied Lignocellulosic Biomass for the U.S. Densified Fuel Industry}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1939-1242"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84873742159&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s12155-012-9255-6}, number={1}, journal={BIOENERGY RESEARCH}, author={Pirraglia, Adrian and Gonzalez, Ronalds and Denig, Joseph and Saloni, Daniel}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={263–275} }
 @article{pirraglia_gonzalez_saloni_denig_2013, title={Technical and economic assessment for the production of torrefied ligno-cellulosic biomass pellets in the US}, volume={66}, ISSN={["1879-2227"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84869877729&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.enconman.2012.09.024}, abstractNote={Manufacturing and trade of wood pellets in the United States (US) has seen an exponential growth in the last few years, triggered by its potential utilization in applications typically dominated by fossil fuels, such as heat, power, and combined cycle generation. This combination holds the promise of delivering a high density, high heat value fuel, making it a better substitute for coal and other fossil fuels. This combined process exists only at pilot-plant levels. Scale-up of the technology and feasibility of such projects remain largely unexplored. This research developed a techno-economic model for the production of torrefied wood pellets, considering critical production parameters, and evaluating sensitivity to changes in CAPEX (Capital Expenditure), biomass delivered costs, labor, and energy consumption of a facility, evaluated through a case-study. Results indicated that biomass delivered costs and depreciation are the most significant factors influencing production with CAPEX being the most sensitive variable due to high investments in torrefaction reactors. The selection of different torrefaction technologies, and adequate binders, may represent a major improvement in the feasibility of a project by reducing capital costs drastically. Back-calculated price for torrefied wood pellets is $261/metric ton (100,000 metric tons/year facility), and delivered price may reach $282/metric ton, a similar cost compared to regular pellets. Preliminary analysis of carbon credits as additional income may considerably increase the likeability of the business, and further enhance profitability.}, journal={ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Pirraglia, Adrian and Gonzalez, Ronalds and Saloni, Daniel and Denig, Joseph}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={153–164} }
 @article{pirraglia_gonzalez_saloni_wright_denig_2012, title={Fuel properties and suitability of eucalyptus benthamii and eucalyptus macarthurii for torrefied wood and pellets}, volume={7}, number={1}, journal={BioResources}, author={Pirraglia, A. and Gonzalez, R. and Saloni, D. and Wright, J. and Denig, J.}, year={2012}, pages={217–235} }
 @article{bergman_ibach_lapasha_denig_2009, title={Evaluating physical property changes for small-diameter, plantation-grown southern pine after in situ polymerization of an acrylic monomer}, volume={59}, DOI={10.13073/0015-7473-59.10.64}, abstractNote={Because of the large percentage of juvenile wood in small-diameter southern pine, this material has lower strength properties compared with the historic published values in the ASTM Standard D2555. Finding new, simple, and inexpensive ways of increasing these strength properties would increase the use of this material for residential construction. For this study, we chose in situ polymerization using the monomer 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate to enhance bending strength and stiffness. After determining the lower range of density, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of juvenile wood from small southern pine logs, southern pine specimens were polymerized using both a vacuum-impregnation and a surfaceapplication approach. The results showed some significant physical property increases for the fully impregnated material that used a large amount of monomer. Although the surface-application approach used less monomer, the physical properties of the juvenile wood did not increase as expected. Only the 1-minute dip treatment showed a significant increase in both bending stiffness and strength, with a weight gain of 11.9 percent. For the surface-application approach, monomer moving to the wood surface during polymerization reduced their effectiveness in increasing MOR and MOE to the expected levels. Therefore, the challenge is finding a method that maintains polymer loading inside the wood structure during the curing process.}, number={10}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Bergman, R. and Ibach, R. E. and LaPasha, C. and Denig, J.}, year={2009}, pages={64–71} }
 @article{denig_wengert_simpson_2000, title={Drying Hardwood Lumber}, ISBN={0196-321X}, number={-}, journal={General Technical Report - Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service}, publisher={USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory}, author={Denig, J. and Wengert, E. M. and Simpson, W. T.}, year={2000} }