@article{fan_chase_sevala_schal_2002, title={Lipophorin-facilitated hydrocarbon uptake by oocytes in the German cockroach Blattella germanica (L.)}, volume={205}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Experimental Biology}, author={Fan, Y. L. and Chase, J. and Sevala, V. L. and Schal, C.}, year={2002}, month={Mar}, pages={781–790} }
 @article{kopanic_holbrook_sevala_schal_2001, title={An adaptive benefit of facultative coprophagy in the German cockroach Blattella germanica}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0307-6946"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-2311.2001.00316.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={2}, journal={ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Kopanic, RJ and Holbrook, GL and Sevala, V and Schal, C}, year={2001}, month={Apr}, pages={154–162} }
 @article{schal_sevala_l. capurro_snyder_blomquist_bagneres_2001, title={Tissue distribution and lipophorin transport of hydrocarbons and sex pheromones in the house fly, Musca domestica}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1673/031.001.1201}, abstractNote={Abstract We investigated the relationship between epicuticular and internal hydrocarbons in the adult house fly, Musca domestica and the distribution of hydrocarbons, including the female sex pheromone component, (Z)-9-tricosene, in tissues. Internal hydrocarbons increased dramatically in relation to sexual maturation and were found in the hemolymph, ovaries, digestive tract, and fat body. (Z)-9-Tricosene comprised a relatively large fraction of the hydrocarbons in the female carcass and hemolymph, and less so in other tissues, while other hydrocarbons were represented in greater amounts in the ovaries than in other tissues. It therefore appears that certain hydrocarbons were selectively provisioned to certain tissues such as the ovaries, from which pheromone was relatively excluded. Both KBr gradient ultracentrifugation and specific immunoprecipitation indicated that > 90% of hemolymph hydrocarbons were associated with a high-density lipophorin (density = 1.09 g ml−1), composed of two apoproteins under denaturing conditions, apolipophorin I (∼240 kD) and apolipophorin II (∼85 kD). Our results support a predicted model (Chino, 1985) that lipophorin is involved in the transport of sex pheromone in M. domestica. In addition to delivering hydrocarbons and sex pheromones to the cuticular surface, we suggest that lipophorin may play an important role in an active mechanism that selectively deposits certain subsets of hydrocarbons at specific tissues.}, number={12}, journal={Journal of Insect Science (Tucson, AZ)}, author={Schal, Coby and Sevala, V. and L. Capurro, M. and Snyder, T. E. and Blomquist, G. J. and Bagneres, A. G.}, year={2001}, pages={1} }
 @article{sevala_bagneres_kuenzli_blomquist_schal_2000, title={Cuticular hydrocarbons of the dampwood termite, Zootermopsis nevadensis: Caste differences and role of lipophorin in transport of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon metabolites}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0098-0331"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1005440624678}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY}, author={Sevala, VL and Bagneres, AG and Kuenzli, M and Blomquist, GJ and Schal, C}, year={2000}, month={Mar}, pages={765–789} }
 @article{sevala_shu_ramaswamy_schal_1999, title={Lipophorin of female Blattella germanica (L.): characterization and relation to hemolymph titers of juvenile hormone and hydrocarbons}, volume={45}, ISSN={["0022-1910"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0022-1910(98)00142-5}, abstractNote={High density lipophorin (HDLp) from the hemolymph of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Family Blattellidae), has an apparent molecular weight of 670 kDa, with an isoelectric point of 7.0 and a density of 1.109 g/ml. It is composed of two subunits, apolipoprotein-I (212 kDa) and apolipoprotein-II (80 kDa), and consists of 51.4% lipid, 46.2% protein and 2.4% carbohydrate. Hydrocarbons constitute 42.2% of the total lipids which also contain diacylglycerol, cholesterol and phospholipid. Lipophorin is rich in the amino acids glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, valine, and leucine. Specificity of a polyclonal antibody was demonstrated by Western blotting and Ouchterlony immunodiffusion: the antiserum recognized native HDLp and apolipoprotein-I, but not apolipoprotein-II, purified vitellin, or other hemolymph proteins. It also recognized a protein in the hemolymph of Supella longipalpa (Blattellidae) but did not cross-react with hemolymph proteins from Periplaneta americana (Blattidae) or Diploptera punctata (Blaberidae). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to measure the HDLp titer in the hemolymph of adult females. The titer of HDLp, a juvenile hormone binding protein, exhibited no clear relationship to the changing titer of juvenile hormone in hemolymph. The hemolymph titer of hydrocarbon, which is also carried by HDLp, showed some functional relation to the concentration of HDLp in the hemolymph. Because it concurrently serves multiple functions in insect development and reproduction, lipophorin titer might covary with the titers of lipid ligands that occur at high concentrations and require extensive shuttling through the hemolymph.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Sevala, V and Shu, SQ and Ramaswamy, SB and Schal, C}, year={1999}, month={May}, pages={431–441} }
 @article{young_bachmann_sevala_schal_1999, title={Site of synthesis, tissue distribution, and lipophorin transport of hydrocarbons in Blattella germanica (L.) nymphs}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1879-1611"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0022-1910(98)00128-0}, abstractNote={The site of hydrocarbon (HC) synthesis and the amount of HC in various tissues were investigated in relation to developmental stage in the last larval stadium of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Abdominal integument linearly incorporated [1-(14)C]propionate into HC for at least 6h in vitro, whereas other body parts synthesized little or no HC. The third through sixth abdominal sternites and tergites were the principal sites of synthesis. High rates of HC synthesis resulted in a fivefold increase in internal HC during the last stadium. We examined the distribution of HC in the hemolymph, fat body, and the developing imaginal cuticle. Hemolymph HC titer was relatively constant at approximately 8&mgr;g/&mgr;l. However, as hemolymph volume increased from 5 to 11&mgr;l in the first 4days of the last stadium, HC content increased and then remained stable the remainder of the stadium. Lipophorin, immunoprecipitated with adult lipophorin polyclonal antibodies, was the only HC carrier protein in nymphal hemolymph and its HC profile was identical to that of hemolymph and similar to that of the epicuticle. The concentration and total amount of hemolymph lipophorin increased until 3days before adult eclosion and declined immediately after ecdysis. The HC content of non-biosynthetic integument (legs, pronotum) doubled during formation of the imaginal cuticle, as did the HC content of sternites, which synthesize HC. HC content of fat body, however, increased threefold during the same period, suggesting that the fat body serves as a storage site for HC during cuticle formation. We conclude that in the last stadium HC is synthesized by abdominal oenocytes, loaded onto hemolymph lipophorin, and transported to fat body and both nymphal and imaginal cuticle. Hydrocarbons associate with the imaginal integument several days before eclosion.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Young, HP and Bachmann, JAS and Sevala, V and Schal, C}, year={1999}, month={Apr}, pages={305–315} }
 @article{schal_sevala_cardé_1998, title={Novel and Highly Specific Transport of a Volatile Sex Pheromone by Hemolymph Lipophorin in Moths}, volume={85}, ISSN={0028-1042 1432-1904}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050511}, DOI={10.1007/s001140050511}, number={7}, journal={Naturwissenschaften}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Schal, Coby and Sevala, Veeresh and Cardé, Ring T.}, year={1998}, month={Jul}, pages={339–342} }
 @article{sites of synthesis and transport pathways of insect hydrocarbons: cuticle and ovary as target tissues_1998, volume={38}, number={2}, journal={American Zoologist}, year={1998}, month={Apr}, pages={382–393} }
 @article{sevala_bachmann_schal_1997, title={Lipophorin: A hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0965-1748"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0965-1748(97)00042-8}, abstractNote={We examined the binding of [3H](10R) juvenile hormone (JH) III to lipophorin that was purified from the hemolymph of Blattella germanica. Binding was found to be specific, saturable and with high affinity to JH III. Using Scatchard analysis, the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) and total binding capacity (Bmax) were estimated to be 9.75±0.64 nM and 0.241±0.02 nmol/mg protein, respectively. Competitive displacement studies with racemic JH III, JH I, cuticular hydrocarbon, contact sex pheromone, and the JH analogs pyriproxyfen, fenoxycarb, and hydroprene showed that only JH III readily displaced [3H](10R)JH III from the binding site. However, hydroprene competed for the JH III binding site more effectively than the other two JH analogs. Photoaffinity labelling using the JH III analog [3H]epoxyfarnesyl diazoacetate demonstrated that the JH binding site was on apolipophorin-I, the large subunit of the lipophorin complex.}, number={7}, journal={INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY}, author={Sevala, VL and Bachmann, JAS and Schal, C}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={663–670} }
 @article{schal_holbrook_bachmann_sevala_1997, title={Reproductive biology of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica: Juvenile hormone as a pleiotropic master regulator}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0739-4462"]}, DOI={10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)35:4<405::AID-ARCH5>3.0.CO;2-Q}, abstractNote={Juvenile hormone (JH) exerts major pleiotropic effects on cockroach development and reproduction. The production of JH by the corpora allata (CA) in the adult female German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is dependent upon and modulated by both internal and environmental stimuli. Mating, intake of highquality food, social interactions, and the presence of vitellogenic ovaries facilitate JH synthesis. Conversely, starvation, deficient diets, enforced virginity, isolation, and a pre- or post-vitellogenic ovary cause the CA to produce less JH. Sensory stimulation of the genital vestibulum by the ootheca also inhibits the CA via signals that ascend the ventral nerve cord. All these stimulatory and inhibitory signals are integrated by the brain, and a preponderance of favorable signals results in a graded lifting of brain inhibition, permitting the synthesis and release of JH. The effects of inhibitory signals on JH biosynthesis can be lifted experimentally by severing nervous connections between the brain and the CA. Such an operation accelerates activation of the CA. Besides controlling gonadal maturation in females, JH concurrently regulates the production of sexual signals, including both attractant- and courtship-eliciting pheromones, and the behavioral expression of calling (pheromone release) and sexual receptivity. Although JH is required for the expression of copulatory readiness in female B. germanica, it appears that signals associated with copulation (spermatophore, sperm, accessory secretions) can inhibit this behavioral state even when titers of JH are permissive for receptivity. These observations suggest that JH might regulate sexual receptivity in females indirectly through}, number={4}, journal={ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Schal, C and Holbrook, GL and Bachmann, JAS and Sevala, VL}, year={1997}, pages={405–426} }