@article{qureshi_ali_thomas_baloch_briles_2000, title={Alloantigen systems L and P influence phagocytic function independent of the major histocompatability complex (B) in chickens}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/79.9.1271}, abstractNote={Synthetic parent stocks were designed to produce progeny among which alleles were simultaneously segregating for nine alloantigen systems, including the MHC (B). Chicks from Ancona-derived B19B19 females crossed with White leghorn B19B21 males were blood typed, resulting in genotypic categories for the A-E, C, D, H, I, L, and P loci with the objective of determining which, if any, of the eight non-MHC alloantigen systems influence or interact with the B system genotypes for blood monocyte phagocytic activity. Leukocytes obtained from whole blood at 2 and 4 wk were separated on a Fico/Lite LymphoH, density gradient and were allowed to adhere to glass coverslips. The resulting adherent monocyte monolayers were incubated with viable Escherichia coli for 1 h and stained with Leukostat, and the phagocytic monocytes and numbers of internalized bacteria per phagocytic monocyte were scored microscopically. The combined results from two separate trials demonstrated that the genotypes of the A-E, C, D, H, and I systems did not differ in the percentage of monocytes exhibiting phagocytosis, whereas significant differences were noted relative to the B system genotype at 2 wk of age (B19B21 > B19B19; P = 0.049), L at 4 wk (L1L1 > L1L2; P = 0.009), and P at 4 wk (P4P4 > P1P1; P = 0.047). The data were further analyzed to determine any interactions of P and L alloantigen genotypes with the B system genotypes; no such interaction was observed. These studies suggest that the L and P non-MHC alloantigen systems have the potential to influence immune responses by modulating phagocytic function in chickens. Furthermore, this modulation seems to be independent of the B (MHC) system.}, number={9}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Qureshi, MA and Ali, RA and Thomas, LN and Baloch, RN and Briles, WE}, year={2000}, month={Sep}, pages={1271–1275} }
 @article{kidd_qureshi_ferket_thomas_2000, title={Turkey hen zinc source affects progeny immunity and disease resistance}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1056-6171"]}, DOI={10.1093/japr/9.3.414}, abstractNote={Abstract Progeny immunocompetence and disease resistance from turkey hens receiving dietary supplemental zinc was investigated. Twelve hens received a diet that contained 82 mg/kg Zn. Diets were supplemented with 40 mg/kg Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) or 40 mg/kg Zn methionine (ZnM) and analyzed to contain 122 and 118 mg/kg total Zn, respectively (six replications per treatment). Progeny received a corn and soybean meal diet containing 92 mg/kg Zn. Hens supplemented with ZnM had progeny with heavier (P≤.05) bursa of Fabricius as a percentage of poult body weight (BW). Blood monocytes were isolated from poults at 7 days of age, and hens receiving ZnM had progeny with higher (P≤.01) blood leukocyte Zn concentrations. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response elicited by phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) was higher (P≤.05) in progeny from hens supplemented with ZnM. Subsequent hypersensitivity measurements with PHA-P or pokeweed mitogen did not differ between Zn sources. Macrophage function of poults was evaluated after Bordetella avium inoculation. Poults from hens supplemented with ZnM had higher (P≤.06) percentage macrophages adhered to glass surfaces. However, poults from hens supplemented with ZnM had depressed 21-day BW (P≤.05) after B. avium inoculation. Results indicate that dietary ZnM supplementation to hens may aid progeny immune organ development and enhance nonspecific immunity. However, progeny from hens supplemented with ZnM had a depressed BW after B. avium infection that may have been due to a heightened immune response.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Kidd, MT and Qureshi, MA and Ferket, PR and Thomas, LN}, year={2000}, pages={414–423} }
 @article{crouch_grimes_ferket_thomas_sefton_1997, title={Enzyme supplementation to enhance wheat utilization in starter diets for broilers and turkeys}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1056-6171"]}, DOI={10.1093/japr/6.2.147}, abstractNote={Abstract Two trials, one using chicks and the other poults, were conducted to determine the efficacy of an enzyme designed to enhance the utilization of wheat non-starch polysaccharides in two sources of wheat. There were five treatment rations: corn-soybean meal (CSBM) and four other diets containing 40% wheat from two locations (North Carolina, NC, and western Canada, CN) supplemented with and without enzyme. Intestinal viscosity was decreased for both chicks and poults with enzyme supplementation of both wheat sources. Body weight gain was improved for both chicks and poults fed NC wheat. Birds fed NC wheat did not grow as well as birds fed CN wheat or corn-based diets. It was concluded that 1) supplementation of wheat sources for both chicks and poults lowered intestinal viscosity; 2) enzyme supplementation of NC wheat diets improved performance of chicks and poults; and 3) source of wheat affected chick and poult performance.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Crouch, AN and Grimes, JL and Ferket, PR and Thomas, LN and Sefton, AE}, year={1997}, pages={147–154} }