@article{gese_knowlton_adams_beck_fuller_murray_steury_stoskopf_waddell_waits_2015, title={Managing hybridization of a recovering endangered species: The red wolf Canis rufus as a case study}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1674-5507"]}, DOI={10.1093/czoolo/61.1.191}, abstractNote={Hybridization presents a unique challenge for conservation biologists and managers . While hybridization is an important evolutionary process, hybridization is also a threat formany native species . The endangered species recovery effort for the red wolf Canis rufus is a classic system for understanding and addressing the challenges of hybridization. From 1987?1993, 63 red wolves were released from captivity in eastern North Carolina, USA, to establish a free-ranging, non-essential experimental population. By 1999, managers recognized hybridization with invasive coyotes Canis latrans was the single greatest threat to successful recovery, and an adaptive management plan was adopted with innovative approaches for managing the threat of hybridization. Here we review the application and results of the adaptive management efforts from 1993 to 2013 by comparing: (1) the numbers of wolves, coyotes, and hybrids captured, (2) the numbers of territorial social groups with presumed breeding capabilities, (3) the number of red wolf and hybrid litters documented each year and (4) the degree of coyote introgression into the wild red wolf gene pool. We documented substantial increases in the number of known red wolves and red wolf social groups from 1987–2004 followed by a plateau and slight decline by 2013.The number of red wolf litters exceeded hybrid litters each year and the proportion of hybrid litters per year averaged 21% . The genetic composition of the wild red wolf population is estimated to include < 4% coyote ancestry from recent introgression since reintroduction . We conclude that the adaptive management plan was effective at reducing the introgression of coyote genes into the red wolf population, but population recovery of red wolves will require continuation of the current management plan, or alternative approaches, for the foreseeable future . More broadly, we discuss the lessons learned from red wolf adaptive management that could assist other endangered species recovery efforts facing the challenge of minimizing hybridization.}, number={1}, journal={CURRENT ZOOLOGY}, author={Gese, Eric M. and Knowlton, Fred F. and Adams, Jennifer R. and Beck, Karen and Fuller, Todd K. and Murray, Dennis L. and Steury, Todd D. and Stoskopf, Michael K. and Waddell, Will T. and Waits, Lisette P.}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={191–205} }
 @article{beck_lucash_stoskopf_2009, title={Lack of Impact of Den Interference on Neonatal Red Wolves}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1938-5412"]}, DOI={10.1656/058.008.0405}, abstractNote={Abstract 
 Biologists handled Canis lupus rufus (Red Wolf) pups from 12 wild litters over 3 years to determine if den interference and handling negatively impacted neonatal survival. Litters were handled for blood collection and transponder placement on one of 2 den visits approximately 13 days apart when pups were approximately 5 days and 19 days old, respectively. No biologically important difference in the proportion of pups surviving was observed between subsequent visits, nor in comparison to historical data from dens where pups were not handled but rather documented based on autumn trapping surveys.}, number={4}, journal={SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST}, author={Beck, Karen B. and Lucash, Christopher F. and Stoskopf, Michael K.}, year={2009}, pages={631–638} }
 @article{beck_lewbart_piner_1996, title={The occurrence of an Ichthyobodo-like organism on captive Atlantic spadefish, Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet)}, volume={19}, ISSN={["0140-7775"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00125.x}, abstractNote={Journal of Fish DiseasesVolume 19, Issue 1 p. 111-112 The occurrence of an Ichthyobodo-like organism on captive Atlantic spadefish, Chaetodipterus faber(Broussonet) K Beck, K Beck College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorG Lewbart, Corresponding Author G Lewbart College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USADr Gregory Lewbart, Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorG Piner, G Piner North Carolina Aquarium at Pine Knoll Shores, Atlantic Beach, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this author K Beck, K Beck College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorG Lewbart, Corresponding Author G Lewbart College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USADr Gregory Lewbart, Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorG Piner, G Piner North Carolina Aquarium at Pine Knoll Shores, Atlantic Beach, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00125.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Becker. C.D. (1977) Flagellate parasites of fish. In: Parasitic Protozoa, Vol. 1 (ed. by J. P. Krier), pp. 357–416. Academic Press, New York , NY . Bullock, A.M. & Robertson, D.A. (1982) A note on the occurrence of Ichthyobodo necator (Henneguy, 1883) in a wild population ot juvenile plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L. Journal of Fish Diseases 5, 531–533. Cone, D.K. & Wiles, M. (1984) Ichthyobodo necator (Henneguy, 1883) from winter flounder. Pseudopleuronectcs americanus(Walbaum), in the North-West Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Fish Diseases 7, 87–89. Diamant, A. (1987) Ultrastructure and pathogenesis of Ichthyobodo sp. from wild common dab, Limanda limanda L, in the North Sea. Journal of Fish Diseases 10, 241–247. Dykstra, M.J. (1982) Biological Electron Microscopy. Plenum Press, New York , NY . Forsythe, J.W., Hanlon, R.T., Bullis, R.A. & Noga, E.J. (1991) Octopus bimaculoides (Pickford & McConnaughey, 1949): a marine invertebrate host for ectoparasitic protozoans. Journal of Fish Diseases 14, 431–442. Gratzek, J.B. (1993) Parasites associated with freshwater tropical fish. In: Fish Medicine (ed. by M. K. Stoskopf), p. 576. W.B. Saunders & Co., Philadelphia , PA . Morrison, C.M. & Cone, D.K. (1986) A possible marine form ot Ichthyobodo sp. on haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus (L.), in the north-west Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Fish Diseases 9, 141–142. Volume19, Issue1January 1996Pages 111-112 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES}, author={Beck, K and Lewbart, G and Piner, G}, year={1996}, month={Jan}, pages={111–112} }
 @article{beck_loomis_lewbart_spelman_papich_1995, title={Preliminary comparison of plasma concentrations of gentamicin injected into the cranial and caudal limb musculature of the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina)}, volume={26}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Beck, K. and Loomis, M. and Lewbart, G. and Spelman, L. and Papich, M.}, year={1995}, pages={265–268} }