@article{bird_croom_mcbride_fan_daniel_taylor_1996, title={Recombinant bovine somatotropin increases nutrient absorption by the proximal small intestine in sheep}, volume={76}, ISSN={["0008-3984"]}, DOI={10.4141/cjas96-051}, abstractNote={ Dorset crossbred ewes were used to determine the effect of recombinant methionyl bovine somatotropin (bST) on small intestinal nutrient absorption. Ewes were kept indoors in individual pens and allowed free access to a concentrate diet (18% CP). (150 μg kg−1) or saline were subcutaneously injected once daily for 10 d. An in vitro assay system was used to estimate the rate of accumulation of 3H-3-O-methylglucose and 14C-proline by small intestinal segments. Feed intake and liveweight gain were similar in ewes administered bST or saline. At the end of the treatment period, plasma ST, IGF-I and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in ewes treated with bST. In the duodenum, active and total glucose absorption were greater (P < 0.05) in bST treated ewes. There was also a tendency for bST treatment to increase duodenal total proline absorption (P < 0.10). Glucose and proline absorption in the jejunum and ileum were not significantly affected by bST. Jejunal ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive oxygen consumption was similar in ewes administered saline or bST. Water, DNA and protein content of small intestinal mucosa were unaffected by bST administration. These results indicate that bST upregulates glucose transport in the duodenum of sheep. Key words: Intestine, nutrient absorption, somatotropin, IGF-I, sheep }, number={3}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Bird, AR and Croom, WJ and McBride, BW and Fan, YK and Daniel, LR and Taylor, IL}, year={1996}, month={Sep}, pages={343–350} }
 @article{bird_croom_daniel_black_1994, title={AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN JEJUNAL GLUCOSE-ABSORPTION IN MICE}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0271-5317"]}, DOI={10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80179-4}, abstractNote={Abstract Jejunal glucose absorption was determined in male mice aged 1, 2, 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Active and passive glucose transport was measured in vitro by estimating the uptake of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose by 1 mm jejunal rings in the presence and absence of phlorizin over a 5 min period. Passive glucose transport was found to be constant with increasing age. Active transport peaked at 2 months of age and the steadily declined. The reduction in active glucose transport rate between 2 and 18 months of age was approximately 50%. No corresponding changes were noted for jejunal villus or crypt dimensions, thickness of the jejunal musculature, or mucosal water and protein content. The age-related decrease in absorption is initiated before attainment of mature body weight. These results demonstrate that age specifically modifies active transport function in mouse jejunal mucosa without concomitant alterations in the structure of the jejunal wall.}, number={3}, journal={NUTRITION RESEARCH}, author={BIRD, AR and CROOM, WJ and DANIEL, LR and BLACK, BL}, year={1994}, month={Mar}, pages={411–422} }
 @article{bird_croom_fan_daniel_black_mcbride_eisen_bull_taylor_1994, title={JEJUNAL GLUCOSE-ABSORPTION IS ENHANCED BY EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR IN MICE}, volume={124}, ISSN={["0022-3166"]}, DOI={10.1093/jn/124.2.231}, abstractNote={The effects of epidermal growth factor on intestinal glucose transport were examined in mice. Glucose transport measurements were performed using an in vitro assay system that estimated the rate of accumulation of [3H]3-O-methyl-D-glucose. In Experiment 1, two-mo-old male and female mice were subcutaneously injected once daily with 0, 150 or 300 micrograms epidermal growth factor/kg body weight for 3 d. Jejunal glucose active transport was increased in a dose-dependent manner. There were no gender-related differences in intestinal glucose transport or the response to exogenous epidermal growth factor. In Experiment 2, 2-, 10- and 18-mo-old mice were administered 0 or 300 micrograms epidermal growth factor/kg body weight using a treatment similar to that used in Experiment 1. Active intestinal glucose transport was 30% greater in response to epidermal growth factor in each of the three age groups. Ouabain-sensitive and -insensitive jejunal oxygen consumption was increased in response to epidermal growth factor such that total jejunal respiration was stimulated 15 to 31%. The epidermal growth factor related percentage increase in glucose absorption was similar to the percentage increase in oxygen consumption such that the apparent energetic efficiency of glucose transport was unaffected. In both experiments, the active component of glucose transport was increased by epidermal growth factor while passive transport was not affected. Jejunal morphology and mucosal DNA and protein concentration were not altered by epidermal growth factor treatment. Epidermal growth factor-induced increases in intestinal absorption was not attributable to mucosal hyperplasia.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF NUTRITION}, author={BIRD, AR and CROOM, WJ and FAN, YK and DANIEL, LR and BLACK, BL and MCBRIDE, BW and EISEN, EJ and BULL, LS and TAYLOR, IL}, year={1994}, month={Feb}, pages={231–240} }
 @article{bird_croom_black_fan_daniel_1994, title={SOMATOTROPIN TRANSGENIC MICE HAVE REDUCED JEJUNAL ACTIVE GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT RATES}, volume={124}, ISSN={["0022-3166"]}, DOI={10.1093/jn/124.11.2189}, abstractNote={Small intestinal glucose absorption and gastrointestinal morphology were compared in adult bovine somatotropin transgenic (MT-bGH) and control mice. The MT-bGH mice were 57% heavier than controls, although both groups consumed comparable amounts of food during the 5 d before transport measurements were made. Stomach, cecum and colon were 98, 53, and 81% heavier (P < 0.001), and small intestinal tract 52% heavier and 27% longer in MT-bGH than in control mice (P < 0.001). As a proportion of live weight, MT-bGH mice tended to have a shorter small intestine than controls (P < 0.07), whereas there was no difference for either small or large bowel relative weights. Villus dimensions, crypt depth and thickness of external muscle layers in the jejunum were not significantly different in control and MT-bGH mice. Active glucose transport rate per milligram of jejunum was 24% less than in control mice (P < 0.05). Jejunal active glucose transport rate per gram of live weight in MT-bGH mice was approximately half that of control mice. The larger small intestinal mass of MT-bGH mice compensated for the reduced rate of glucose transport per unit weight of intestine such that there was no significant difference in total small intestinal tract glucose transport between control and MT-bGH mice. These results suggest that there are substantial differences in nutrient absorptive efficiency between intestinal tract from MT-bGH and control mice.}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF NUTRITION}, author={BIRD, AR and CROOM, WJ and BLACK, BL and FAN, YK and DANIEL, LR}, year={1994}, month={Nov}, pages={2189–2196} }
 @article{bird_croom_brown_daniel_1994, title={THE EFFECT OF LONG R(3) INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I ON JEJUNAL GLUCOSE-ABSORPTION IN MICE}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0271-5317"]}, DOI={10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80263-5}, abstractNote={Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of long R 3 insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I on jejunal glucose transport in mice. Jejunal rings from 4 mice were incubated for 10 min at 37°C in transport media containing 0, 150 or 500 ng long R 3 IGF-I/ml. Uptake of glucose measured during the last 5 min of incubation was similar among the three treatments. In the second experiment, 8 mice were subcutaneously injected once-daily with 0 or 150 μg long R 3 IGF-I/kg BW for 3 d. Treatment with long R 3 IGF-I did not affect jejunal glucose absorption. Weight of the stomach and small and large intestine were similar for both groups, however, treatment with long R 3 IGF-I reduced the length of the small intestine (P 3 IGF-I. Short-term administration of long R 3 IGF-I does not appear to cause alterations in intestinal absorption of glucose.}, number={7}, journal={NUTRITION RESEARCH}, author={BIRD, AR and CROOM, WJ and BROWN, BR and DANIEL, LR}, year={1994}, month={Jul}, pages={1101–1112} }
 @article{bird_croom_bailey_osullivan_hagler_gordon_martin_1993, title={TROPICAL PASTURE HAY UTILIZATION WITH SLAFRAMINE AND COTTONSEED MEAL - RUMINAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DIGESTA PASSAGE IN WETHERS}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/1993.7161634x}, abstractNote={Sixteen mature, ruminally cannulated wethers (average BW = 41 +/- 1 kg) were fed a low-quality hay diet with or without a cottonseed meal (CSM) supplement and the parasympathomimetic agonist slaframine (SF). Treatments were basal diet (Mitchell grass hay, 4.8% CP, 46.8% ADF) available on an ad libitum basis, basal diet plus SF (8 micrograms/kg BW, 2 x daily i.m. injection), basal diet plus CSM (41.0% CP; 100 g/d), or basal diet plus SF and CSM. Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial within a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square with 20-d periods followed by a 10-d adjustment during which only the basal diet was fed. All measurements were performed within the final 10 d of each period. Slaframine increased salivary flow by 10 to 35% (P < .07), ruminal fluid dilution rate by 8 to 11% (P < .10), and pH by 3 to 4% (P < .001). A twofold increase (P < .05) in ruminal cellulolytic bacteria numbers occurred in SF-treated wethers. Despite these SF-induced changes in the ruminal environment, whole-tract apparent nutrient digestibility, N and mineral balance, and ruminal VFA concentrations were not changed. Cottonseed meal increased forage intake by 34 to 54% (P < .001) and DM digestibility by 30% (P < .001). Cottonseed meal supplementation of a Mitchell grass hay diet improved nutritional status and attenuated live weight loss.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={BIRD, AR and CROOM, WJ and BAILEY, JV and OSULLIVAN, BM and HAGLER, WM and GORDON, GLR and MARTIN, PR}, year={1993}, month={Jun}, pages={1634–1640} }