@article{geden_edwards_arends_axtell_1987, title={EFFICACIES OF MIXTURES OF DISINFECTANTS AND INSECTICIDES}, volume={66}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0660659}, abstractNote={Efficacies of mixtures of diluted commercial formulations of selected insecticides and disinfectants were evaluated. Insecticides tested included representative pyrethroids (fenvalerate [Ectrin WDL and WD] and permethrin [Ectiban EC]), organophosphates (dichlorvos [Vapona EC], tetrachlorvinphos [Rabon WP] and dichlorvos/tetrachlorvinphos [RaVap EC], and a carbamate (carbaryl [Sevin S]). Disinfectants tested included representatives of cresylic acid (Biolene), cresylic acid/phenol (BioGuard X-185), phenol (1-Stroke Environ), quaternary ammonium (BioGuard S-3 and PFP-4), quaternary ammonium/formalin (DC & R), and formalin classes of disinfectants. Mixtures were tested for toxicity to two target insects (Musca domestica on plywood, Alphitobius diaperinus in litter) and two bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). Of 56 mixtures evaluated, 24 showed reduced insecticidal toxicity and 35 showed reduced bactericidal activity compared with insecticides or disinfectants alone.}, number={4}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={GEDEN, CJ and EDWARDS, TD and ARENDS, JJ and AXTELL, RC}, year={1987}, month={Apr}, pages={659–665} }
 @article{axtell_edwards_1983, title={EFFICACY AND NONTARGET EFFECTS OF LARVADEX AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR CONTROLLING HOUSE-FLIES IN CAGED-LAYER POULTRY MANURE}, volume={62}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0622371}, abstractNote={The insect growth regulator N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6 triamine (Larvadex, CGA 72662, cyromazine) was provided as a feed additive (.3% Premix per ton of feed) to caged laying hens under field conditions in high rise, wide span and narrow poultry houses. The chemical effectively controlled house flies (Musca domestica) and soldier flies (Hermetia illucens). The feed additive had no adverse effect on the populations of manure-inhabiting mites (Macrochelidae and Uropodidae) and histerid beetles (Carcínops pumulio), which prey on fly eggs and larvae. Satisfactory fly control was demonstrated by use of the additive 50% of the time when the interval without the additive in the feed was 4 days but not when the interval was 7 days. Use of a fly monitoring program to time the use of the feed additive is advocated.}, number={12}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={AXTELL, RC and EDWARDS, TD}, year={1983}, pages={2371–2377} }
 @article{rutz_axtell_edwards_1980, title={Effects of organic pollution levels on aquatic insect abundance in field pilot-scale anaerobic animal waste lagoons}, volume={40}, number={3}, journal={Mosquito News}, author={Rutz, D. A. and Axtell, R. C. and Edwards, T. D.}, year={1980}, pages={403–409} }
 @inproceedings{axtell_rutz_edwards_1975, title={Chemical control of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in swine waste lagoons (Abstract)}, booktitle={Proceedings?Annual Meeting (New Jersey Mosquito Control Association)}, author={Axtell, R. C. and Rutz, D. A. and Edwards, T. D.}, year={1975}, pages={234–235} }
 @article{dukes_edwards_axtell_1974, title={ASSOCIATIONS OF TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) LARVAE WITH PLANT SPECIES IN SALT MARSHES, CARTERET COUNTY, NORTH-CAROLINA}, volume={3}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/3.2.280}, abstractNote={Larvae of Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart, Chrysops fuliginosus Wiedemann and C. atlanticus Pechuman were recovered most often and in greatest abundance in regularly flooded areas of salt marshes with nearly uniform stands of Spartina alterniflora Loisel (smooth cordgrass). Areas of S. cynosuroides (L.) Roth. (giant cordgrass), Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene (salt grass), and Juncus roemerianus Scheele (black needle rush) yielded decreasing numbers of tabanid larvae (in that order). In mixed vegetation, as the proportion of other vegetation increased and S. alterniflora decreased, the numbers of tabanid larvae declined}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={DUKES, JC and EDWARDS, TD and AXTELL, RC}, year={1974}, pages={280–286} }
 @article{dukes_edwards_axtell_1974, title={Distribution of larval Tabanidae (Diptera) in a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh}, volume={91}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, author={Dukes, J. C. and Edwards, T. D. and Axtell, R. C.}, year={1974}, pages={79–83} }
 @article{edwards_dukes_axtell_1974, title={Soil-washing apparatus for recovery of tabanid larvae and other invertebrates}, volume={9}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society}, author={Edwards, T. D. and Dukes, J. C. and Axtell, R. C.}, year={1974}, pages={32–35} }
 @article{axtell_edwards_1970, title={Hermetia illucens control in poultry manure by larviciding}, volume={63}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, author={Axtell, R. C. and Edwards, T. D.}, year={1970}, pages={1786–1787} }
 @article{axtell_edwards_1970, title={SEASONAL POPULATIONS OF HIPPELATES GNATS (DIPTERA - CHLOROPIDAE) IN NORTH CAROLINA}, volume={63}, ISSN={["0013-8746"]}, DOI={10.1093/aesa/63.4.1049}, abstractNote={Populations of Hippelates gnats were sampled weekly using baited traps during a 3-year period at 3 locations and by aspirator collections from baits and animal hosts several times per month during a 2-year period. H. pusio Locw, H. pallipes (Loew), H. bishoppi Sabrosky, H. particeps (Becker), and H. plebejus Loew were collected. The last 2 species were rare in trap and aspirator collections.

H. bishoppi was collected in the largest numbers in the traps, with H. pusio second in abundance and H. pallipes in low numbers. H. bishoppi and H. pallipes were collected earliest in spring with H. pusio collections beginning later. H. bishoppi reached a peak of abundance in June and early July and declined the remainder of the summer. H. pusio became more abundant in late July, August, and early September. H. push was collected 1 or 2 weeks later in fall than H. bishoppi and H. pallipes .

Aspirator collections confirmed the earlier appearance of H. pallipes and H. bishoppi in spring, with H. pallipes often more abundant than H. bishoppi . H. pusio was the most abundant species collected during July–October. H. pusio was the predominant species collected from man and domestic animals, but H. pallipes was also frequently on these hosts. On occasions H. pallipes was the most important pest of humans. H. bishoppi was not an important pest of humans, although it was occasionally collected from humans and domestic animals, especially dairy cows.

The type of baited trap used was apparently inadequate for the collection of H. pallipes , judged from the abundance of that species in aspirator collections and in field observations.}, number={4}, journal={ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}, author={AXTELL, RC and EDWARDS, TD}, year={1970}, pages={1049-&} }
 @article{axtell_edwards_1970, title={SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF ADULT HIPPELATES EYE GNATS TO INSECTICIDAL DEPOSITS}, volume={63}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/63.4.1186}, abstractNote={Susceptibilities of eye gnats, Hippelates pusio Loew and H. pallipes (Loew), to deposits of 17 insecticides were determined under laboratory conditions. The two species exhibited similar susceptibilities. The most toxic chernicals were Dursban® ( O,O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-phosphorothioate), ronnel, fenthion, diazinon, malathion, dimethoate, naled, and dieldrin. Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate) was moderately toxic. Lower toxicity was exhibited by dimetilan, propoxur, crotoxyphos and trichlorofon. Very low toxicity was exhibited by lindane and DDT and extremely low toxicity by Abate® (O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate O,O -diester with 4,4'-thiodiphenol) and methoxychlor.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={AXTELL, RC and EDWARDS, TD}, year={1970}, pages={1186-&} }
 @article{axtell_edwards_1970, title={SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ADULT HIPPELATES-PUSIO TO INSECTICIDAL FOGS}, volume={63}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/63.4.1184}, abstractNote={The mortalities of caged, laboratory-reared Hippelates pusio Loew (eye gnats) exposed to thermal fogs of 9 insecticides were determined under field conditions. Naled and propoxur were most toxic. DDT was least toxic. The other insecticides of intermediate toxicity were: fenthion, dichlorvos, Dursban® ( O,O -diethyl O -3,5,6-tri-chloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate), CIBA C-9491 O -(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate), and a mixture of malathion and Lethane 384® (2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl thiocyanate).}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={AXTELL, RC and EDWARDS, TD}, year={1970}, pages={1184-&} }