@article{farrar_barbour_kennedy_1994, title={Field evaluation of insect resistance in a wild tomato and its effects on insect parasitoids}, volume={71}, number={3}, journal={Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata}, author={Farrar, R. R., Jr. and Barbour, J. D. and Kennedy, G. G.}, year={1994}, pages={211} }
 @article{farrar_kennedy_kashyap_1992, title={Influence of life history differences of two tachinid parasitoids ofHelicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on their interactions with glandular trichome/methyl ketone-based insect resistance in tomato}, volume={18}, ISSN={0098-0331 1573-1561}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00994248}, DOI={10.1007/BF00994248}, abstractNote={The effects of glandular trichome/methyl ketone (2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone) -based insect resistance in the wild tomato,Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum C.H. Mull, accession PI 134417, onArchytas marmoratus (Townsend) andEucelatoria bryani (Sabrosky) (Diptera: Tachinidae), both parasitoids ofHelicoverpa (=Heliothis)zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were investigated in the laboratory.A. marmoratus deposits larvae (planidia) on the foliage of its host's food plant; planidia attach to passing hosts, penetrate the cuticle, and develop in the host pupae.E. bryani larviposits directly into its host; its larvae develop in the host larva.A. marmoratus planidia are killed by glandular trichomes of PI 134417 and also by trichomes of hybrid lines with no methyl ketones. The methyl ketones are toxic to planidia, but at least part of the effect is due to other factors, possibly physical entanglement. Both species can be affected indirectly by methyl ketones in the diet of the host. 2-Undecanone reduces the percentage ofA. marmoratus larvae that reach pupation. This effect is evidently due to premature death and desiccation of the host pupa caused by 2-undecanone. 2-Tridecanone in host diets had no effect onA. marmoratus. InE. bryani, 2-tridecanone in the diet of the host reduced the number of parasitoids yielded by each parasitized host, although not the overall percentage of hosts parasitized. 2-Undecanone in the diet of the host had no effect onE. bryani.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Chemical Ecology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Farrar, R. R., JR. and Kennedy, G. G. and Kashyap, R. K.}, year={1992}, month={Mar}, pages={499–515} }
 @article{farrar_kennedy_roe_1992, title={The protective role of dietary unsaturated fatty acids against 2‐undecanone‐induced pupal mortality and deformity in <i>Helicoverpa zea}, volume={62}, ISSN={0013-8703 1570-7458}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1992.tb00659.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1570-7458.1992.tb00659.x}, abstractNote={AbstractAs previously reported, the addition of 2‐undecanone to the diet of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea (Boddie) causes pupal mortality and deformity. These toxic effects are antagonised by the addition of the unsaturated fatty acid linolenic acid to diet, with pupal deformity eliminated and mortality reduced by as much as one‐half. Similar results were obtained with two other unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and oleic acids, but not with saturated stearic acid. These unsaturated fatty acids also increased pupal weight and developmental time. However, measurement of food consumption indicated that the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on pupal mortality is not an artifact of dilution of the fatty acid dietary dosage by an increased body size or of evaporation of 2‐undecanone during prolonged larval development.}, number={2}, journal={Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Farrar, R. R., Jr. and Kennedy, G. G. and Roe, R. M.}, year={1992}, month={Feb}, pages={191–200} }
 @article{farrar_kennedy_1991, title={Inhibition of Telenomus sphingis an egg parasitoid of Manduca spp. by trichome/2-tridecanone-based host plant resistance in tomato}, volume={60}, ISSN={0013-8703 1570-7458}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01534.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01534.x}, abstractNote={AbstractThe resistance of accession PI 134417 of the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum C. H. Mull to Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Spingidae) and Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is conditioned by the high densities of 2‐tridecanone‐containing, glandular trichomes associated with the foliage. In laboratory experiments, rates of parasitism of M. sexta eggs by Telenomus sphingis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) were lower among eggs on PI 134417 foliage than among eggs on foliage of the cultivated tomato L. esculentum Mill. (cv. Better Boy). The latter is characterized by a significantly lower density of type VI glandular trichomes than PI 134417 and an absence of 2‐tridecanone. Parasitism by T. sphingis was also reduced among eggs on foliage of the F1 hybrid between PI 134417 and L. esculentum. The hybrid foliage lacks 2‐tridecanone but has a density of type VI glandular trichomes that is intermediate between those of PI 134417 and L. esculentum, indicating that elevated densities of type VI glandular trichomes adversely affect T. sphingis. This conclusion was further substantiated by the finding that there were no differences among plant lines in the levels of parasitism of M. sexta eggs when the eggs were on foliage that had been divested of glandular trichomes.In bioassays in which T. sphingis adults or immatures in host eggs were exposed to filter paper treated with 2‐tridecanone at rates comparable to those associated with PI 134417 foliage, 2‐tridecanone was acutely toxic and caused high levels of mortality. In addition, at high concentrations, 2‐tridecanone vapors were repellent to T. sphingis adults. However, when exposed to PI 134417 foliage, few T. sphingis adults were killed.Parasitism of M. sexta eggs was unaffected when the eggs were deposited by moths reared as fifth instar larvae on diet containing 2‐tridecanone and/or 2‐undecanone at levels comparable to those associated with PI 134417 foliage.}, number={2}, journal={Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Farrar, R. R. and Kennedy, G.}, year={1991}, month={Aug}, pages={157–166} }
 @article{farrar_kennedy_1991, title={Relationship of leaf lamellar-based resistance to Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Heliothis zea in a wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum, PI 134417}, volume={58}, ISSN={0013-8703 1570-7458}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01452.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01452.x}, abstractNote={AbstractSegregating populations of hybrids of the insect‐resistant wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum, C.H. Mull, PI 134417, and the susceptible tomato cultivar of L. esculentum Mill, ‘Walter’, were screened by bioassays with the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and tomato fruitworm Heliothis zea (Boddie). Plant lines with a range of levels of resistance to H. zea were selected from one group of hybrids; plants with a range of resistance levels to L. decemlineata, from another group. The response of both insect species to both groups of plants was evaluated. Resistance to each of these species is under separate genetic control and apparently involves distinct mechanistic components, although it remains possible that at least some factors are important in conditioning resistance to both species.RésuméRelation entre les lamelles foliaires de la tomate sauvage Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum et la résistance à Leptinotarsa decemlineata et Heliothis zeaLa tomate sauvage, L. hirsutum f. glabratum C.H. Mull, n° PI 134417, présente des lamelles foliaires qui lui confèrent une résistance au doryphore, L. decemlineata Say et à H. zea Bodie. Cette étude a voulu préciser si ces résistances étaient héritées ensemble dans des populations d'hybrides entre PI 134417 et la tomate cultivée, L. esculentum Mill. Des lignées de plantes présentant une gamme de résistance à H. zea ont été sélectionnées à partir d'une population hyrbide. De même, des lignées de plantes ayant une gamme de résistance à L. decemlineata ont été sélectionnées à partir d'un second groupe d'hybrides. Les réactions des 2 insectes aux 2 groupes de plantes ont été estimées.Les résistances à H. zea et à L. decemlineata n'étaient pas corrélées nettement. Certaines lignées sont résistantes aux 2 espèces, mais d'autres ne sont résistantes qu'à une espèce. Ainsi, les résistances à chacune de ces espèces ont probablement des déterminismes génétiques différents. Différentes composantes mécaniques sont vraisemblablement impliquées dans ces résistances, bien qu'il soit possible qu'au moins quelques facteurs aient un rôle important dans le conditionnement de la résistance. La création de cultivars de tomates avec une résistance liée aux lamelles foliaires sera compliquée par le besoin d'une sélection en fonction des réponses aux 2 espèces.}, number={1}, journal={Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Farrar, R.R., Jr. and Kennedy, G.G.}, year={1991}, month={Jan}, pages={61–67} }
 @article{farrar_kennedy_1990, title={Growth Inhibitors in Host Plant Resistance to Insects: Examples from a wild tomato with Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)}, volume={25}, ISSN={0749-8004}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-25.1.46}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-25.1.46}, abstractNote={Non-lethal, growth inhibiting allelochemicals have potential roles in host plant resistance to insects because they can extend the time the insects are exposed to other mortality factors. Four chemical constituents of the wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum, PI 134417 were evaluated in artificial diet as growth inhibitors to Heliothis zea (Boddie): alpha-tomatine, chlorogenic acid, beta-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene. All caused small increases in developmental time, and, except for chlorogenic acid, small decreases in pupal weight. These changes may be too small to be of biological significance in host plant resistance. Our results suggest that the usual method of evaluating growth inhibitors, which is to weigh the insects after a fixed feeding period, is inadequate to assess the biological significance of any observed growth inhibitory effects. Because differences in weight after fixed feeding periods do not always translate into equivalent changes in developmental time or final weight, measurement of actual developmental time may be more appropriate.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Entomological Science}, publisher={Georgia Entomological Society}, author={Farrar, Robert R. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={1990}, month={Jan}, pages={46–56} }
 @article{farrar_barbour_kennedy_1989, title={Quantifying Food Consumption and Growth in Insects}, volume={82}, ISSN={1938-2901 0013-8746}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/82.5.593}, DOI={10.1093/aesa/82.5.593}, abstractNote={Relative consumption rate is frequently calculated as weight of food consumed divided by mean body weight over the course of the feeding period. However, mean weight incorporates weight change, which is a function of digestive efficiency; relative consumption rate, therefore, is inherently dependent on physiological responses. In short-term (within one instar) experiments quantifying insect behavior, the maximum amount of food an insect can eat is not likely to vary directly with body weight. Under such circumstances, it is more appropriate to relate consumption to the weight of the insect at the beginning of the test, not to mean weight. The use of mean weights produces a similar bias in relative growth rate.}, number={5}, journal={Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Farrar, Robert R. and Barbour, James D. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={1989}, month={Sep}, pages={593–598} }
 @article{farrar_1985, title={A new record of the clerid, Phyllobaenus pubescens (Leconte) (Coleoptera), as a predator of Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on cotton}, volume={39}, number={1}, journal={Coleopterists' Bulletin}, author={Farrar, R. R., Jr.}, year={1985}, pages={33} }
 @article{farrar_landis_1985, title={AN EVALUATION OF A PORTABLE GEIGER COUNTER TO TRACE RADIOLABELED HELIOTHIS-ZEA (BODDIE) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE IN CORN AND COTTON}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-20.1.62}, abstractNote={A portable Geiger counter was evaluated for tracing the movements of radiolabeled Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae in cotton and corn. In cotton, larvae used were labeled by injection of the parent females and phosphorus-32. These could easily be located using the Geiger counter. In corn, larvae were labeled topically so that pupation sites in the soil could be labeled. The percentage of these that could be located proved variable.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={FARRAR, RR and LANDIS, DA}, year={1985}, pages={62–65} }
 @article{farrar_bradley_1985, title={EFFECTS OF WITHIN-PLANT DISTRIBUTION OF HELIOTHIS-ZEA (BODDIE) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) EGGS AND LARVAE ON LARVA DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL ON COTTON}, volume={78}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/78.6.1233}, abstractNote={Effects of oviposition sites and larva feeding sites of Heliothis zea (Boddie) on larva survivorship and development were investigated in both the laboratory and field. In field tests, oviposition site had little effect on the percentage of larvae that became established. This was probably due to larva movement before establishment. However, laboratory tests showed that larva development was affected by feeding site, with larva on flowers and bolls developing faster and growing larger than those on squares, leaves, or terminals.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={FARRAR, RR and BRADLEY, JR}, year={1985}, pages={1233–1237} }
 @article{farrar_bradley_1985, title={THE INFLUENCE OF WITHIN-PLANT DISTRIBUTION OF HELIOTHIS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) EGGS ON OVICIDE EFFICACY IN COTTON}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-20.1.87}, abstractNote={The influence of within-plant distribution of Heliothis zea (Boddie) eggs on ovicide efficacy in cotton was investigated. Eggs were placed on different parts of cotton plants in the field, and an ovicide was applied as a broadcast spray. Eggs in more sheltered sites and lower on the plants suffered significantly lower mortality. Similar results were obtained using both methomyl and chlordimeform.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={FARRAR, RR and BRADLEY, JR}, year={1985}, pages={87–89} }
 @article{farrar_bradley_1985, title={WITHIN-PLANT DISTRIBUTION OF HELIOTHIS SPP (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) EGGS AND LARVAE ON COTTON IN NORTH-CAROLINA}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/14.3.205}, abstractNote={Within-plant distribution of Heliothis spp. eggs and larvae on cotton was studied in North Carolina from 1980 through 1983. Egg distribution varied from year to year, with either leaves or terminals being the most common oviposition sites. Larvae were most commonly found on bolls, but were found in disproportionately large numbers on flowers and small bolls with dried flower corollas on them. The preference for flowers was less distinct for larvae of H. virescens than for H. zea larvae.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={FARRAR, RR and BRADLEY, JR}, year={1985}, pages={205–209} }
 @article{farrar_bradley_1984, title={EFFECTS OF COROLLA RETENTION IN COTTON ON HELIOTHIS SPP (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAL NUMBERS AND DAMAGE}, volume={77}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/77.6.1470}, abstractNote={It has been observed that the retention of flower corollas, or “bloomtags,” on developing cotton bolls is associated with increases in the likelihood of damage to the bolls by Heliothis zea (Boddie). Data are presented to support this conclusion. This phenomenon is thought to be due to the protected nature of the feeding site and preference of larvae for flowers.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={FARRAR, RR and BRADLEY, JR}, year={1984}, pages={1470–1472} }