@article{tian_franzluebbers_granato_cox_c. o'connor_2013, title={Stability of soil organic matter under long-term biosolids application}, volume={64}, ISSN={["1873-0272"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.12.001}, abstractNote={Little is know on the impact of biosolids application on soil organic matter (SOM) stability, which contributes to soil C sequestration. Soil samples were collected in 2006 at plow layer from fields that received liquid and dry municipal biosolids application from 1972 to 2004 at the cumulative rate of 1416 Mg ha−1 in mined soil and 1072 Mg ha−1 in nonmined soil and control fields that received chemical fertilizer at Fulton County, western Illinois. The biosolids application increased the soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) by 5-fold in mined soil and 4-fold in nonmined soil. The biosolids-amended soils showed a high amount of basal respiration and N mineralization, but low metabolic quotient, and low rate of organic C and organic N mineralization. There was a remarkable increase in mineral-associated organic C from 6.9 g kg−1 (fertilizer control) to 26.6 g kg−1 (biosolids-amended) in mined soil and from 8.9 g kg−1 (fertilizer control) to 23.1 g kg−1 (biosolids-amended) in nonmined soil. The amorphous Fe and Al, which can improve SOM stability, were increased by 2–7 folds by the long-term biosolids application. It is evident from this study that the biosolids-modified SOM resists to decomposition more than that in the fertilizer treatment, thus long-term biosolids application could increase SOM stability.}, journal={APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY}, author={Tian, G. and Franzluebbers, A. J. and Granato, T. C. and Cox, A. E. and C. O'Connor}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={223–227} }
 @article{granato_raper_1989, title={PROLIFERATION OF MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS-L) ROOTS IN RESPONSE TO LOCALIZED SUPPLY OF NITRATE}, volume={40}, ISSN={["0022-0957"]}, DOI={10.1093/jxb/40.2.263}, abstractNote={Maize (Zea mays L.) plants with two primary nodal root axes were grown for 8 d in flowing nutrient culture with each axis independently supplied with NO3-. Dry matter accumulation by roots was similar whether 1.0 mol m-3 NO3- was supplied to one or both axes. When NO3- was supplied to only one axis, however, accumulation of dry matter within the root system was significantly greater in the axis supplied with NO3-. The increased dry matter accumulation by the +N-treated axis was attributable entirely to increased density and growth of lateral branches and not to a difference in growth of the primary axis. Proliferation of lateral branches for the +N axis was associated with the capacity for in situ reduction and utilization of a portion of the absorbed NO3-, especially in the apical region where lateral primordia are initiated. Although reduced nitrogen was translocated to the -N axis, concentrations in the -N axis remained significantly lower than in the +N axis. The concentration of reduced nitrogen, as well as in vitro NO3- reductase activity, was greater in apical than in more basal regions of the +N axis. The enhanced proliferation of lateral branches in the +N axis was accompanied by an increase in total respiration rate of the axis. Part of the increased respiration was attributable to increased mass of roots. The specific respiration rate (micromoles CO2 evolved per hour per gram root dry weight) was also greater for the +N than for the -N axis. If respiration rate is taken as representative of sink demand, stimulation of initiation and growth of laterals by in situ utilization of a localized exogenous supply of NO3- establishes an increased sink demand through enhanced metabolic activity and the increased partitioning of assimilates to the +N axis responds to the difference in sink demand between +N and -N axes.}, number={211}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={GRANATO, TC and RAPER, CD}, year={1989}, month={Feb}, pages={263–275} }
 @article{granato_raper_wilkerson_1989, title={Respiration rate in maize roots is related to concentration of reduced nitrogen and proliferation of lateral roots}, volume={76}, DOI={10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb06213.x}, abstractNote={The relationship between specific rate of respiration (respiration rate per unit root dry weight) and concentration of reduced nitrogen was examined for maize (Zea mays L.) roots. Plants with 2 primary nodal root axes were grown for 8 days in a split‐root hydroponic system in which NO‐3 was supplied to both axes at 1.0 mol m−3, to one axis at 1.0 mol m−3 and the other axis at 0.0 mol m−3 or to both axes at 0.0 mol m−3 Respiration rates and root characteristics were measured at 2‐day intervals. Specific rate of respiration was positively correlated in a nonlinear relationship with concentration of reduced nitrogen. The lowest specific rates of respiration occurred when neither axis received exogenous NO−3 and the concentration of reduced nitrogen in the axes was less than 9 mg g−1. The greatest rates occurred in axes that were actively absorbing NO−3 and contained more than 35 mg g−1 of reduced nitrogen. At 23 mg g−1 of reduced nitrogen, below which initiation of lateral branches was decreased by 30–50%. specific rate of respiration was 17% greater for roots actively absorbing NO−3 than for roots not absorbing NO−3 Increases in specific rate of respiration associated with concentrations of reduced nitrogen greater than 23 mg g−1 were concluded to be attributable primarily to proliferation of lateral branches.}, number={3}, journal={Physiologia Plantarum}, author={Granato, T. C. and Raper, C. D. and Wilkerson, G. G.}, year={1989}, pages={419} }