@article{greene_1991, title={CANINE LYME BORRELIOSIS}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0195-5616(91)50005-X}, abstractNote={Lyme borreliosis is now the most commonly reported tick-transmitted disease in humans and is an important disease in dogs. Case reports of canine Lyme borreliosis have appeared in the literature during the last 6 years, but a complete description of the disease still is not available. Until an accurate diagnostic scheme is developed, the disease will remain incompletely understood. A nonlocalizing polyarthropathy is the most commonly described clinical manifestation of canine Lyme borreliosis, but other syndromes probably also exist. The difficulty in making a diagnosis is a result of the fact that dogs do not develop a characteristic skin lesion to mark the beginning of their disease, and many dogs become seropositive but never develop clinical manifestations. Also, Borrelia burgdorferi has been isolated from the blood of healthy dogs, which suggests that detecting a spirochetemia may not have diagnostic significance. Newer diagnostic tests are being evaluated, but at present the diagnosis of canine Lyme borreliosis should be one of exclusion. After other common illnesses are ruled out, serology and response to antibiotic therapy help suggest a diagnosis. Once the disease is accurately diagnosed, efficient therapeutic schemes will be developed based on randomized therapeutic trials. In addition, vaccines are being developed. Currently, without the ability to diagnose the disease accurately, their efficiency can not be demonstrated adequately. Future findings surely will change our understanding of this disease.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={GREENE, RT}, year={1991}, month={Jan}, pages={51–64} } @article{greene_walker_nicholson_levine_1991, title={Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to an indirect immunofluorescence assay for the detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in the dog}, volume={26}, ISSN={0378-1135}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(91)90054-j}, DOI={10.1016/0378-1135(91)90054-J}, abstractNote={An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared to an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for detection of IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dog sera. The concordance of the two tests was 93.5% for sera from dogs from Maryland (n = 93), 98.0% for sera from dogs from North Carolina (n = 446), and 97.2% for the combined sample groups (n = 539). Twenty-five of the 27 samples with discordant or low positive results were tested, and showed immunoblot reactions to 1 to 10 different bands. Reaction patterns and intensity of the bands were quite variable, and did not explain a reason for the discordance.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Microbiology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Greene, R.T. and Walker, R.L. and Nicholson, W.L. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1991}, month={Jan}, pages={179–190} } @article{greene_hirsch_rottman_gerig_1991, title={Interlaboratory comparison of titers of antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi and evaluation of a commercial assay using canine sera}, volume={29}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, author={Greene, R. T. and Hirsch, D. A. and Rottman, P. L. and Gerig, T. M.}, year={1991}, pages={16} } @article{walker_greene_nicholson_levine_1989, title={Shared flagellar epitopes of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia anserina}, volume={19}, ISSN={0378-1135}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(89)90101-6}, DOI={10.1016/0378-1135(89)90101-6}, abstractNote={Antigenic cross-reactivity between Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia anserina was studied using mouse immune sera and monoclonal antibodies. With immune sera, significant cross-reactivity between B. burgdorferi and B. anserina was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent assay. In immunoblots, most of the cross-reactivity was shown to be associated with the periplasmic flagella. Using monoclonal antibodies in immunoblots, it was shown that B. burgdorferi and B. anserina shared at least two flagellar epitopes, one of which was not shared with Borrelia hermsii or Borrelia coriaceae. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of whole cell lysates and the use of a species-specific monoclonal antibody (H5332) which reacts with a major outer surface protein (Osp A) of B. burgdorferi readily differentiated the two species at the molecular level.}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Microbiology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Walker, R.L. and Greene, R.T. and Nicholson, W.L. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1989}, month={Apr}, pages={361–371} } @article{greene_levine_breitschwerdt_berkhoff_1988, title={Antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in North Carolina}, volume={49}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Greene, R. T. and Levine, J. F. and Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Berkhoff, H. A.}, year={1988}, pages={473–476} } @article{greene_levine_breitschwerdt_walker_berkhoff_nicholson_1988, title={Clinical and serologic evaluations of induced Borrelia burgdorferi infections in dogs}, volume={49}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Greene, R. T. and Levine, J. F. and Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Walker, R. L. and Berkhoff, H. A. and Nicholson, W. L.}, year={1988}, pages={752–757} } @article{greene_walker_burgess_levine_1988, title={Heterogeneity in immunoblot patterns obtained by using four strains of Borrelia burgdorferi and sera from naturally exposed dogs}, volume={26}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, author={Greene, R. T. and Walker, R. L. and Burgess, E. C. and Levine, J. F.}, year={1988}, pages={2287–2291} } @article{greene_walker_nicholson_heidner_levine_1988, title={The immunoglobulin G response to the Lyme disease agent (Borrelia burgdorferi) in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs}, volume={26}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, author={Greene, R. T. and Walker, R. L. and Nicholson, W. L. and Heidner, H. W. and Levine, J. F.}, year={1988}, pages={648–653} } @article{levine_fox_snowden_greene_kennedy_childress_1988, title={Validity of the Filarochek test for detection of Dirofilaria immitis infections in dogs}, volume={24}, journal={Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association}, author={Levine, J. F. and Fox, D. and Snowden, K. and Greene, R. and Kennedy, K. and Childress, K.}, year={1988}, pages={327–333} }