@article{isleib_wilson_novitzky_2006, title={Partial dominance, pleiotropism, and epistasis in the inheritance of the high-oleate trait in peanut}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.09-0313}, abstractNote={Earlier reports of the high-oleate (low-linoleate) trait in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) indicated that it was controlled by completely dominant gene action. However, linoleate content intermediate to that in low- and normal-linoleate seeds was found among progeny when the trait was backcrossed into five virginia-type cultivars, suggesting partial dominance of the gene controlling the trait. Although BC 1 F 2 results were inconsistent across recurrent parents, data from the BC 2 F 2 and BC 3 F 2 populations of all crosses conformed to the 1:2:1 ratio expected under partial dominance. Quantitative analysis showed that fatty acid levels were affected by the background genotypes of the recurrent parents, suggesting that there are other genes that influence fatty acid. The ol gene exhibited pleiotropism by influencing not only oleate and linoleate, but also levels of palmitate, total C 18 fatty acids, gadoleate, and total saturated fatty adds. The effects of the ol gene interacted with background genotype, particularly with the additive genetic contrast, suggesting epistasis in the general sense. Progeny testing of 59 putatively heterozygous and 41 homozygous normal BC 2 F 2 plants indicated that the two genotypes could be distinguished accurately on the basis of linoleate level, suggesting that the ol gene can be moved by backcrossing using techniques appropriate for a dominant trait rather than a recessive trait.}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Isleib, TG and Wilson, RF and Novitzky, WP}, year={2006}, pages={1331–1335} }
 @article{burton_wilson_rebetzke_pantalone_2006, title={Registration of N98-4445A mid-oleic soybean germplasm line}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2004-0769}, abstractNote={Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Burton, JW and Wilson, RF and Rebetzke, GJ and Pantalone, VR}, year={2006}, pages={1010–1012} }
 @article{shannon_sleper_arelli_burton_wilson_anand_2005, title={Registration of S01-9269 soybean germplasm line resistant to soybean cyst nematode with seed oil low in saturates}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.005}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 45, Issue 4 p. 1673-1674 Registrations of Germplasm Registration of S01-9269 Soybean Germplasm Line Resistant to Soybean Cyst Nematode with Seed Oil Low in Saturates J.G. Shannon, Corresponding Author J.G. Shannon [email protected] Univ. of Missouri-Delta Center, P.O. Box 160, Portageville, MO, 63873 Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorD.A. Sleper, D.A. Sleper Dep. of Agronomy, 210 Waters Hall, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211Search for more papers by this authorP.R. Arelli, P.R. Arelli USDA-ARS, 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN, 38301Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS, North Carolina State Univ., 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorR.F. Wilson, R.F. Wilson USDA-ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Room 4-2214, Beltsville, MD, 20705-5139Search for more papers by this authorS.C. Anand, S.C. Anand Dep. of Agronomy, 210 Waters Hall, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211Search for more papers by this author J.G. Shannon, Corresponding Author J.G. Shannon [email protected] Univ. of Missouri-Delta Center, P.O. Box 160, Portageville, MO, 63873 Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorD.A. Sleper, D.A. Sleper Dep. of Agronomy, 210 Waters Hall, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211Search for more papers by this authorP.R. Arelli, P.R. Arelli USDA-ARS, 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN, 38301Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS, North Carolina State Univ., 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorR.F. Wilson, R.F. Wilson USDA-ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Room 4-2214, Beltsville, MD, 20705-5139Search for more papers by this authorS.C. Anand, S.C. Anand Dep. of Agronomy, 210 Waters Hall, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 2005 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.005 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume45, Issue4July–August 2005Pages 1673-1674 RelatedInformation}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Shannon, JG and Sleper, DA and Arelli, PR and Burton, JW and Wilson, RF and Anand, SC}, year={2005}, pages={1673–1674} }
 @article{xue_isleib_payne_wilson_novitzky_g o'brian_2003, title={Comparison of aflatoxin production in normal- and high-oleic backeross-derived peanut lines}, volume={87}, ISSN={["1943-7692"]}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.11.1360}, abstractNote={The effect of the high-oleate trait of peanut on aflatoxin production was tested by comparing normal oleic lines with high-oleic backcross-derived lines. Seeds were blanched, quartered, and inoculated with Aspergillus flavus conidia, placed on moistened filter paper in petri dishes, and incubated for 8 days. In one experiment, dishes were stacked in plastic bags in a Latin square design with bags and positions in stacks as blocking variables. High-oleic lines averaged nearly twice as much aflatoxin as normal lines. Background genotype had no significant effect on aflatoxin content, and interaction between background genotype and oleate level was not detected. In a second experiment, dishes were arranged on plastic trays enclosed in plastic bags and stacked with PVC spacers between trays. Fungal growth and aflatoxin production were greater than in the first experiment. Background genotype, oleate level, and their interaction were significant. The mean of high-oleic lines was almost twice that of normal lines, but the magnitude of the difference varied with background genotype. Special care should be taken with high-oleic lines to prevent growth of Aspergillus spp. and concomitant development of aflatoxin contamination.}, number={11}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={Xue, HQ and Isleib, TG and Payne, GA and Wilson, RF and Novitzky, WP and G O'Brian}, year={2003}, month={Nov}, pages={1360–1365} }
 @article{kwanyuen_allina_weissinger_wilson_2002, title={A new form of crystalline rubisco and the conversion to its common dodecahedral form}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1535-3893"]}, DOI={10.1021/pr025548e}, abstractNote={In this paper, we present a new purification procedure that yields a new crystalline form of rubisco and has enabled us to completely remove this most abundant protein from tobacco leaf extract. The crystals formed within 48 h after refrigeration at 4 degrees C at pH 5.6. However, these crystals were not well-ordered crystals and lacked well-defined facets or edges. The remaining leaf extract (fraction 2 protein) was void of rubisco. Conversion of this new crystalline form of rubisco to its common dodecahedral form was achieved by dialysing the protein solution in Tris buffer at pH 8.0 or purified water. Since the molecular size of its large subunit of rubisco (55 kD) is similar to that of the papillomavirus capsid protein, L1 (57 kD), its complete removal from fraction 2-protein may facilitate the detection, purification, and recovery of the Li protein.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH}, author={Kwanyuen, P and Allina, SM and Weissinger, AK and Wilson, RF}, year={2002}, pages={471–473} }
 @article{li_wilson_rayford_boerma_2002, title={Molecular mapping genes conditioning reduced palmitic acid content in N87-2122-4 soybean}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2002.0373}, abstractNote={Palmitic acid is one of the two major saturated fatty acids of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil that is closely related to nutritional quality of soybean oil. Reduction of palmitic acid content would lower the total saturated fatty acid content of soybean oil and improve the oil quality for human consumption. Several mutant lines with reduced palmitic acid content have been developed in which the genes conditioning palmitic acid content are located at different loci. The objective of this research was to map the genes conferring reduced palmitic acid from N87-2122-4 on the public soybean genetic linkage map with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Four near-isogenic lines with normal and reduced palmitic acid content and the F2 and F2:3 generations of a population derived from the cross of ‘Cook’ × N87-2122-4 were used to perform the SSR mapping of the genes conditioning reduced palmitic acid. The results indicated that a major gene with an allele for reduced palmitic acid contributed by N87-2122-4 is located near the top of Linkage Group (LG) A1. A SSR marker, Satt684 in that region accounted for 38% of variation in palmitic acid content in the F2 generation and 31% of variation in the F2:3 generation. On LG-M, Satt175 accounted for 8% of the variation in the F2 and 9% of the variation in the F2:3 generation. This minor gene on LG-M had a significant interaction with the gene on LG-A1 in the F2 generation. When combined in a multiple regression equation, these markers explained 51% of total phenotypic variation for palmitic acid content in the F2 and 43% of the variation in the F2:3 generations.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Li, ZL and Wilson, RF and Rayford, WE and Boerma, HR}, year={2002}, pages={373–378} }
 @article{wilson_2001, title={Developing agronomic high-protein soybeans}, volume={12}, number={5}, journal={Agrofoodindustry Hi-tech}, author={Wilson, R. F.}, year={2001}, pages={17–22} }
 @article{wilson_marquardt_novitzky_burton_wilcox_dewey_2001, title={Effect of alleles governing 16 : 0 concentration on glycerolipid composition in developing soybeans}, volume={78}, ISSN={["1558-9331"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-001-0264-5}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil typically contains 11% palmitic acid, but germplasm with recessive alleles at Fap gene loci exhibit from less than 4% to about 35% 16:0, Although these alleles are used to develop new cultivars, little is known about how they influence palmitic acid concentration. One theory suggests that fap alleles may mediate differences in triacylglycerol composition through genetic effects on the activity or substrate specificity of acyltransferases, such as diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20). Based on logistic function analysis of developing seed, differences in fag allele expression are evident in the rate of palmitic acid accumulation in triacylglycerol, with peak deposition near mid-seed fill. Acetate saturation kinetics also reveal a strong positive relation between the relative amount of de novo palmitic acid synthesis and the indigenous palmitic acid concentration in triacylglycerol among fap genotypes. However, no differences appear in the kinetics of palmitoyl-CoA metabolism in developing seed of these genotypes. Therefore, the fap alleles apparently do not encode or regulate the activities of glycerolipid acyltransferase enzymes. Rather, major genetic effects on triacylglycerol composition accrue through regulation of palmitic acid production in the plastids of developing soybean cotyledons.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Wilson, RF and Marquardt, TC and Novitzky, WP and Burton, JW and Wilcox, JR and Dewey, RE}, year={2001}, month={Apr}, pages={329–334} }
 @article{rebetzke_pantalone_burton_carter_wilson_2001, title={Genetic background and environment influence palmitate content of soybean seed oil}, volume={41}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2001.1731}, abstractNote={Dietary concerns over high saturates contained in edible vegetable oils has stimulated development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with reduced palmitate content. Little is known of factors that might influence phenotypic expression of palmitate content among soybean populations varying for presence of a major reduced palmitate allele. The objective of this study was to investigate how environment and genetic background influence palmitate content when introducing the reduced palmitate trait into adapted backgrounds. Crosses were made between reduced palmitate germplasm, N87-2122-4 (53 g kg -1 palmitate) and normal palmitate cultivars, A3733, Burlison, Kenwood, P9273, and P9341 (103-123 g kg -1 palmitate). For each cross, F 4:6 lines homozygous for major reduced or normal palmitate alleles were bulked separately into Maturity Groups (MG) II, III, IV, and V, and evaluated in 10 contrasting field environments during 1993. Palmitate content varied between 82 and 90 g kg -1 across southern U.S. and Puerto Rican environments. Much of this environmental variation was associated with changes in minimum temperature during the growing season. Genetic background effects were highly significant (P < 0.01) with cross means for palmitate content ranging between 81 and 93 g kg 1 , Across different maturity groups, palmitate content of the progeny was correlated (r = 0.94-0.99, P < 0.05) with mean content of the normal palmitate parent, such that for every 1 g kg 1 palmitate increase in the normal palmitate parent there was a 0.32 to 0.51 g kg -1 palmitate increase in the progeny. Genetic background effects were presumed to be associated with action of minor alleles transmitted from the normal palmitate parent. Presence of the reduced palmitate allele was associated with significantly (P < 0.01) lower stearate (-6 to -13%) and higher oleate (+4 to +10%) contents across all maturity groups. Selection of low palmitate, high-yielding parents should further decrease palmitate content and produce correlated improvements in stearate and oleate contents to improve overall oil quality in progeny containing reduced palmitate alleles.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Rebetzke, GJ and Pantalone, VR and Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Wilson, RF}, year={2001}, pages={1731–1736} }
 @article{wilson_marquardt_novitzky_burton_wilcox_kinney_dewey_2001, title={Metabolic mechanisms associated with alleles governing the 16 : 0 concentration of soybean oil}, volume={78}, ISSN={["1558-9331"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-001-0265-4}, abstractNote={Abstract Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil typically contains ca. 11% palmitic acid, but germplasm has been developed with less than 4% to about 35% 16∶0, A number of recessive alleles associated with these phenotypes have been described thattrepresent different mutations at Fap loci, however, the gene products (enzymes) produced by these alleles are unknown. This work attempts to define the metabolic activities that are regulated by the fap 1 , fap 2 , and fap nc alleles in soybean. Observation of de novo synthesis and metabolic turnover of fatty acids esterified to phospholipids in cotyledons during the period of peak oil accumulation revealed genotypic differences in the supply of 16∶0‐CoA from plastids. These metabolic studies narrowed the identification of fap 1 , fap 2 , and fap nc alleles to the genes that encode or regulate the 3‐keto‐acyl‐ACP synthetase II (where ACP is acyl carrier protein), 16∶0‐ACP thioesterase, 18∶0‐ACP desaturase, or 18∶1‐ACP thioesterase enzymes. Kinetic analyses suggested that the fap 2 mutation results in a decreased 3‐keto‐acyl‐ACP synthetase II activity. Deficiencies in 16∶0‐ACP thioesterase activity represented the most likely explanation of fap 1 and fap nc gene function. This hypothesis was strongly supported by Northern blot assays that revealed a significant reduction in the accumulation of transcripts corresponding to the 16∶0‐ACP thioesterase in germplasm homozygous for the fap nc allele.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Wilson, RF and Marquardt, TC and Novitzky, WP and Burton, JW and Wilcox, JR and Kinney, AJ and Dewey, RE}, year={2001}, month={Apr}, pages={335–340} }
 @article{kwanyuen_wilson_2000, title={Optimization of Coomassie staining for quantitative densitometry of soybean storage proteins in gradient gel electrophoresis}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1558-9331"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-000-0196-0}, abstractNote={Soybean (Glycine maxL. Merr., cv. Dare) protein subunits were separated by gradient gel electrophoresis and analyzed by two-dimensional densitometry with computer-aided volume integration. Significant differences in the time required to achieve equilibrium staining with Coomassie Blue were revealed among the various polypeptides. Bands corresponding to lipoxygenase reached staining equilibrium in 2.7 h, whereas longer periods were required for polypeptides of β-conglycinin (5.5 to 6.7 h) and of glycinin (8.6 to 9.2 h). These differences among polypeptides could be attributed in part to changes in gradient concentration within the polyacrylamide gel. Optimal staining intensity among all soluble proteins extracted from soybean seed was reached after staining for 8 h. Shorter than optimal staining times lead to significant underestimation of parameters such as the percentage of β-conglycinin and glycinin of total soluble protein.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Kwanyuen, P and Wilson, RF}, year={2000}, month={Dec}, pages={1251–1254} }
 @article{nakasathien_israel_wilson_kwanyuen_2000, title={Regulation of seed protein concentration in soybean by supra-optimal nitrogen supply}, volume={40}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2000.4051277x}, abstractNote={The physiological and biochemical basis for increased seed protein concentrations (SPC) observed in restriction-index, recurrent-selection breeding programs with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are poorly understood. The hypothesis that soybean SPC is regulated by the supply of nitrogenous substrates available to the seed was evaluated. Effects of supra-optimal external N on seed storage protein accumulation, amino acid concentration and composition in leaves and seeds at R5, and levels of specific storage protein subunits were measured. Genotypes with different SPC (NC 107, normal; N87-984-16, intermediate; and NC 111, high) were grown in controlled-environment chambers and supplied with 30 mM N as NH4NO3 from V5 to maturity or from R5 to maturity. Control plants received 10 mM N throughout the growth cycle. Relative to control, supra-optimal N increased SPC of NC 107 and N87-984-16 by an average of 28%. Greater enhancement of protein accumulation than of dry matter accumulation in the seed resulted in SPCs of 460 to 470 g kg−1, which are appreciably greater than concentrations observed for these cultivars grown in the field. Supra-optimal N also increased SPC of the high protein line (NC 111) by 15%, but this increase resulted entirely from a decrease in yield. Supra-optimal N supplied to NC 107 and N87-984-16 from V5 until R5 increased total free amino acid concentrations in seeds and leaves at R5 by an average of 21 and 46%, respectively. Enhanced accumulation of the β subunit of β conglycinin which does not contain methionine and cysteine accounted for the increase in SPC. While enhanced N availability increased the SPC of a normal protein line into the high range, availability of sulfur amino acids in the developing seed determined which storage protein subunits were synthesized from the extra N.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Nakasathien, S and Israel, DW and Wilson, RF and Kwanyuen, P}, year={2000}, pages={1277–1284} }
 @article{marquardt_wilson_1998, title={An improved reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography method for separation of fatty acid methyl esters}, volume={75}, ISSN={["0003-021X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-998-0346-7}, abstractNote={Resolution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by thin-layer chromatography often is complicated by co-migration of certain acyl-isomers in heterogeneous mixtures. However, a novel reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography method which employs 10% (wt/vol) silver nitrate in a mobile phase containing acetonitrile/1,4-dioxane/acetic acid (80:20:1, vol/vol/vol) allows one-dimensional resolution of a wide range of acyl-methyl esters. This innovation enables improved separation of saturated FAME ranging from C12 to C22, and geometric isomers of C14 to C22 unsaturated FAME by thin-layer chromatography.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Marquardt, TC and Wilson, RF}, year={1998}, month={Dec}, pages={1889–1892} }
 @article{rebetzke_burton_carter_wilson_1998, title={Changes in agronomic and seed characteristics with selection for reduced palmitic acid content in soybean}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800020003x}, abstractNote={Development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with reduced saturated fatty acid content is an important goal of soybean breeders. The objective of this study was to determine if genes for reduced palmitic acid content in the fatty acid germplasm N87-2122-4 were associated with changes in agronomic and seed quality characteristics. Approximately 22 reduced (54–72 g kg−1) and 22 normal (90–119 g kg−1) palmitic acid F5:7 lines were sampled from each of two crosses, N87-2122-4 × ‘Kenwood’ and N87-2122-4 × ‘P9273’ and grown in replicated tests at four North Carolina locations. Lines homozygous for the major reduced palmitic acid gene produced significantly (P < 0.01) less (=10%) seed yield than lines homozygous for the normal gene. Furthermore, selection differentials for the normal palmitic acid populations were significantly (P < 0.01) larger than for the reduced palmitic acid population. Oleic and linolenic acid contents were significantly (P < 0.01) greater for reduced palmitic acid lines, while the major reduced palmitic acid gene had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on linoleic and seed protein contents. Seed oil content was significantly (P < 0.05) greater among reduced palmitic acid lines in the N87- 2122-4 × Kenwood cross only. Genetic correlations were estimated among lines to examine the influence of selection for palmitic acid genetic modifiers on agronomic traits. Palmitic acid content was significantly (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with changes in oleic acid, and significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with changes linolenic acid contents. Genetic modifiers conditioning palmitic acid content seemed independent of genes controlling seed yield, suggesting that selection for reduced palmitic acid content among lines homozygous for the reduced palmitic acid gene may be achieved without a reduction in seed yield. Efforts to further reduce palmitic acid content in populations fixed for the major palmitic acid gene should improve the quality of soybean oils produced for food processing markets.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Rebetzke, GJ and Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Wilson, RF}, year={1998}, pages={297–302} }
 @article{rebetzke_burton_carter_wilson_1998, title={Genetic variation for modifiers controlling reduced saturated fatty acid content in soybean}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800020004x}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oils with reduced palmitic acid concentrations should comply with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for vegetable oils with lower saturated fatty acid contents. This study was designed to investigate the genetic basis for reduced palmitic and stearic acid contents in the seed oil of reduced palmitic acid germplasm, N87-2122-4. Crosses between N87-2122-4 and Midwest-adapted cultivars, Kenwood and P9273, revealed frequencies of reduced and normal palmitic acid among F2 progeny consistent with segregation at a single major locus. There was a large phenotypic variation (15–30 g kg−1) for paimitic acid content measured on progeny homozygous for either reduced or normal palmitic acid alleles, however. Repeatability of this variation was examined in 87 reduced and normal palmitic F5:7 lines randomly sampled from each cross. Reduced palmitic acid lines ranged between 54 and 72 g kg−1, and normal palmitic acid lines between 90 and 119 g kg−1 for both crosses. No line produced significantly less palmitic acid than N87-2122-4 but ≈ 55% of the reduced palmitic acid lines were significantly greater (P < 0.01). The large genotypic ranges observed for both F2 and F5:7 generations may be explained by an undetermined number of genetic modifiers associated with the major palmitic acid locus. Across both populations, the major reduced palmitic acid allele was associated with a 15% reduction in stearic acid content. However, genetic correlations for palmitic and stearic acid contents among lines homozygous for the major palmitic acid alleles were nonsignificant (rg = −0.30–0.18), enabling simultaneous selection of inbred lines producing both reduced palmitic and stearic acid contents. High narrow-sense heritabilities (>80%) for palmitic and stearic acid contents suggest that total saturates may be reduced by selection in few environments for major and modifier genes controlling reduced palmitic acid content.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Rebetzke, GJ and Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Wilson, RF}, year={1998}, pages={303–308} }
 @article{abbott_vaughn_dowd_mojtahedi_wilson_1998, title={Potential uses of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)}, volume={8}, ISSN={["0926-6690"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0926-6690(97)10010-3}, abstractNote={Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) is a leguminous weed species that has become a severe problem in soybean production throughout the Southern United States. Economic incentives, such as premiums for low levels of foreign matter from cleaning soybeans prior to sale, could generate a large source of sicklepod seed in that area. This study was undertaken to evaluate C. obtusifolia seed for potential applications. As much as 41% of the seed was extractable. Some extracts were strong inhibitors of wheat, velvetleaf and sicklepod root growth, causing discoloration of the root meristems in a manner similar to that caused by naphthoquinones such as juglone and plumbagin. Some extracts increased weight gain in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) causing them to grow to 50–100% larger than controls in a 7-day trial. Survival of Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) in the soil was inversely correlated to the amount of ground whole sicklepod amendment. No phytotoxic effects of the meal amendment on tomato plants or inhibition of germination for several crop seeds was observed at the levels tested.}, number={1}, journal={INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS}, author={Abbott, TP and Vaughn, SF and Dowd, PF and Mojtahedi, H and Wilson, RF}, year={1998}, month={Mar}, pages={77–82} }
 @article{settlage_kwanyuen_wilson_1998, title={Relation between diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity and oil concentration in soybean}, volume={75}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-998-0225-2}, abstractNote={Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20; DGAT) catalyzes synthesis of triacylglycerol from acyl-CoA and diacylglycerol. Activity of this enzyme and developmental changes in oil accumulation were estimated at various stages of seed growth in soybean germplasm with phenotypic differences in oil content. Oil deposition in seed of these genotypes followed a sigmoid pattern that was modeled to predict incremental rates of oil accumulation during seed development. A strong positive correlation was found between the estimated peak rate of oil deposition (near the mid-term of seed development) and oil concentration in mature seed. At saturating substrate levels, DGAT activity measured near the peak rate of oil deposition also was correlated positively with oil phenotype. In the latter stages of seed development, a positive correlation between estimates of enzyme activity at or below the apparent Km for diolein and comparable oil accumulation rates was attributed to reduced synthesis of substrates and/or potential change in affinity for substrate as suggested by an increase in apparent Km for diolein in older seed. These data indicated that DGAT activity may be a rate-limiting step in triacylglycerol synthesis. However, it is difficult to accept the idea of a single rate-limiting step at the end of a complex metabolic pathway. Because oil is a quantitatively inherited trait, several genes determine genotypic differences in oil content among soybeans. Hence, DGAT activity may be an indicator of coordinated genetic expression of gene-products in the entire glycerolipid synthetic pathway for a given genotype. In any case, results of this investigation demonstrated that genotypic differences in DGAT activity contributed to expression of genetic variation in oil content among soybean gemplasm.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society}, author={Settlage, S. B. and Kwanyuen, P. and Wilson, R. F.}, year={1998}, pages={775–781} }
 @article{almonor_fenner_wilson_1998, title={Temperature effects on tocopherol composition in soybeans with genetically improved oil quality}, volume={75}, ISSN={["0003-021X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-998-0070-3}, abstractNote={Tocopherol, a natural antioxidant, typically accounts for a small percentage of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) oil. Alleles that govern the expression of polyunsaturated fatty acids in soybean germplasm are influenced by temperature. However, little is known about the environmental influences on tocopherol expression. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of temperature on tocopherol composition in soybean germplasm that exhibit homozygous recessive and dominant alleles that govern the predominant ω-6 and ω-3 desaturases. The control cv. Dare and three low-18:3 genotypes (N78-2245, PI-123440, N85-2176) were grown under controlled-temperature environments during reproductive growth. Analysis of crude oil composition at various stages of seed development revealed a strong negative correlation between total tocopherol content and growth temperature. The relative strength of this correlation was greater in the germplasm that exhibited homozygous alleles governing the ω-6 desaturase than those governing the ω-3 desaturase. The decline in total tocopherol with reduced temperature was attributed predominantly to loss of γ-tocopherol. However, γ-tocopherol concentration also was directly related to 18:3 concentration in all genotypes. Thus, low-18:3 oils contained both a lower content and a lower concentration of γ-tocopherol. Although the biochemical basis for this observation is unknown, the antioxidant capacity of γ-tocopherol appeared to be directly associated with changes in oil quality that were mediated more by genetic than by environmental influences on 18:3 concentration. Another aspect of this work showed that low-18:3 soybean varieties should be expected to contain more α-tocopherol, especially when grown under normal commercial production environments. This condition should be regarded as another beneficial aspect of plant breeding approaches to the improvement of soybean oil quality.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Almonor, GO and Fenner, GP and Wilson, RF}, year={1998}, month={May}, pages={591–596} }
 @article{kwanyuen_pantalone_burton_wilson_1997, title={A new approach to genetic alteration of soybean protein composition and quality}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0003-021X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-997-0015-2}, abstractNote={Although soybeans produce high-quality meal, modern animal and fish production systems often require synthetic essential amino acid supplements to fortify feed rations. However, biotechnology may enable development of soybeans with naturally adequate levels of certain essential amino acids for advanced feed formulations. One approach involves genetic manipulation of glycinin (11S) and β-conglycinin (7S) contents, the principal components of soybean storage proteins. Because 11S contains more cysteine and methionine than 7S protein, a higher 11S:7S ratio could lead to beneficial changes in the nutritional quality of soybean meal. Although genotypic variation for 11S:7S may be low among soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm, ratios ranging from 1.7–4.9 were observed among accessions of the wild ancestor of cultivated soybean (Glycine soja Sieb, and Zucc.). Thus, wild soybean germplasm was evaluated as a potential source of genes that govern protein synthesis that may have been lost during the domestication of G. max. Change in the amount of 11S protein accounts for a significant portion of the genotypic variation in protein concentration and composition among wild soybeans. Strong positive correlation exists between the 11S:7S ratio and methionine or cysteine concentration of total protein. Moderate positive associations were found for threonine or tyrosine. A moderate negative correlation was found between lysine and 11S:7S. No association was found for leucine and phenylalanine or for total essential amino acid concentration. Based on these data, G. soja may contain a different complement of genes that influence expression of 11S and 7S proteins than G. max germplasm. Thus, through interspecific hybridization, wild soybeans may be a useful genetic resource for the further improvement of protein quality in cultivated soybeans.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Kwanyuen, P and Pantalone, VR and Burton, JW and Wilson, RF}, year={1997}, month={Aug}, pages={983–987} }
 @article{burkey_wilson_wells_1997, title={Effects of canopy shade on the lipid composition of soybean leaves}, volume={101}, DOI={10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.1010320.x}, number={3}, journal={Physiologia Plantarum}, author={Burkey, K. O. and Wilson, R. F. and Wells, R.}, year={1997}, pages={591–598} }
 @article{pantalone_rebetzke_burton_wilson_1997, title={Genetic regulation of linolenic acid concentration in wild soybean Glycine soja accessions}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0003-021X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-997-0162-5}, abstractNote={Abstract Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil from current commercial cultivars typically contains ca. 8% linolenic acid. Inheritance studies have shown that linolenic acid concentration in soybean seed is determined by at least two genes which govern activity of the predominant ω‐6 and ω‐3 desaturases. Selection of germplasm exhibiting homozygous recessive alleles that encode these desaturases has enabled development of soybeans having less than 3.0% linolenic acid. However, accessions of the wild ancestor of modern soybean cultivars, Glycine soja (Sieb. and Zucc.), have oils containing twice the highest linolenic acid concentration found in normal G. max cultivars. Although little is known about inheritance of linolenic acid in wild soybean, it would appear that additional or alternative forms of genes may govern its synthesis. To test this hypothesis, cultivated soybean germplasm was hybridized with wild soybean genotypes having significant differences in linolenic acid concentration. Seed of F 3 progeny from these G. max x G. soja populations exhibited distinct segregation patterns for relative estimates of ω‐6 and ω‐3 desaturase activity. Frequency class distribution analyses of the segregation patterns, and linear relations between median ω‐6 or ω‐3 desaturation estimates and corresponding linolenic acid concentration among allelic classes from these populations suggested the high‐linolenic acid trait in wild soybean genotypes was determined by a set of desaturase alleles that were different from corresponding alleles in G. max. Introgression of these alternative alleles in G. max germplasm opens a new avenue of research on the genitic regulation of linolenic acid, and may lead to the production of highly polyunsaturated soybean oils for various industrial applications.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Pantalone, VR and Rebetzke, GJ and Burton, JW and Wilson, RF}, year={1997}, month={Feb}, pages={159–163} }
 @article{rebetzke_pantalone_burton_carter_wilson_1997, title={Genotypic variation tor fatty acid content in selected Glycine max x Glycine soja populations}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700050038x}, abstractNote={Modifications in the fatty acid composition of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil may extend its utility to industrial markets currently serviced by other vegetable‐, mineral‐, or fossil‐based oils. However, extension into new markets depends on the development of soybean oils with increased concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Three wild soybean ( G. soja Siebold & Zucc.) accessions possessing unique fatty acid profiles were intercrossed with the reduced saturate and polyunsaturate fatty acid germplasm, N87‐2122‐4, to produce widely segregating populations. Random F 2 and F 2:3 families from each population were grown, and seed fatty acid contents of individuals within families were analyzed. Genotypic differences for oil quality were significant among populations and families within populations. Individual families produced >140 and 175 g kg −1 palmitic and total saturated fatty acid contents, respectively. No family produced greater oleic acid content than N87‐2122‐4. Some families produced >640 g kg −1 linoleic acid and total polyunsaturates exceeding 720 g kg −1 , while selected individuals produced >750 g kg −1 total polyunsaturates in both the F 2:3 parental and F 2:4 progeny generations. High narrow‐sense heritability estimates for palmitic ( h 2 = 0.67 to 0.98) and linoleic ( h 2 = 0.44 to 0.80) acid contents suggested that individual F 2 plants can be selected for either trait. However, the smaller heritabilities for oleic ( h 2 = 0.36 to 0.66) and linolenic ( h 2 = 0.10 to 0.47) acid contents necessitate selection based on family means. Analyzing these selected wild soybean crosses has demonstrated G. soja may be a useful source of genes to extend genotypic variation for linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acid contents. Genes for greater saturate content in PI 424031 may extend variation currently available in mutant soybean germplasm. However, it appears unlikely that G. soja would be useful for increasing oleic acid content above levels in existing soybean mutants.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Rebetzke, GJ and Pantalone, VR and Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Wilson, RF}, year={1997}, pages={1636–1640} }
 @article{pantalone_rebetzke_wilson_burton_1997, title={Relationship between seed mass and linolenic acid in progeny of crosses between cultivated and wild soybean}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0003-021X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-997-0181-2}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil from current commercial cultivars typically contains ca. 8% linolenic acid (18:3). Applications of plant biotechnology have enabled plant breeders to develop germplasm having as low as 2.0% 18:3. Oils that are naturally low in 18:3 exhibited improved flavor characteristics and greater oxidative stability in high-temperature frying applications compared to hydrogenated soybean oil. As an extension of that research, efforts are underway to characterize genes in soybean that govern expression of higher than normal 18:3 concentration. Such oils may be of interest to the oleochemicals industry for various nonfood applications. Relatively high 18:3 in seed oil is a characteristic trait of the ancestor of modern soybean cultivars, Glycine soja (Sieb. and Zucc.). Accessions of this species have rarely been utilized in soybean improvement, and thus represent a virtually untapped genetic resource for genes governing 18:3 synthesis. We have hybridized cultivated soybean with wild soybean plant introductions. F3:4 seed from the resultant G. max × G. soja populations exhibited a wide segregation pattern for 18:3 and seed mass. A strong negative association was found between 18:3 concentration and seed mass. Oil concentration was positively correlated with seed mass. Evaluation of glycerolipid composition revealed that high 18:3 was not associated with an altered proportion of phospholipid and triacylglycerol among lines segregating for seed mass. Thus, smaller seed mass may be a convenient trait to distinguish future soybean cultivars with highly polyunsaturated oils from other cultivars in production.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Pantalone, VR and Rebetzke, GJ and Wilson, RF and Burton, JW}, year={1997}, month={May}, pages={563–568} }