@article{ozden_black_ashwell_tipsmark_borski_grubb_2010, title={Developmental Profile of Claudin-3,-5, and-16 Proteins in the Epithelium of Chick Intestine}, volume={293}, ISSN={["1932-8494"]}, DOI={10.1002/ar.21163}, abstractNote={AbstractProteins in the claudin family are a main component of tight junctions and form a seal that modulates paracellular transport in intestinal epithelium. This research tests the hypothesis that claudins 3, 5, and 16 will appear in the epithelium of embryonic intestine during functional differentiation. Immunohistochemistry is utilized to explore the developmental patterns of claudin‐3, ‐5, and ‐16 proteins in the epithelium of embryonic chick intestine from 9 days prior to hatching through the early post‐hatch period. These claudin proteins either changed their cellular localization or first appeared around the time of hatching. After hatching, claudin‐3 expression was prominent in basal–lateral regions of the epithelium along the entire villus, but was absent from crypts. Claudin‐5 was expressed most strongly in the crypt and lower villus epithelium within junctional complexes, whereas immunostaining of claudin‐16 was localized within goblet cells of the upper villus region. The relative mRNA levels of claudin‐3, ‐5, and ‐16 showed similar patterns; transcript levels rose between 18 and 20 days of development, then dropped by 2 days post‐hatch. Results of this work indicate that the claudin proteins assume their final locations within the epithelium around the time of hatching, suggesting that in addition to their known barrier and fence functions within tight junctions, these claudins may have additional roles in the differentiation and/or physiological function of chick intestine. The localization of claudin‐16 to goblet cells and its distribution in the more mature cells of the upper villus region suggest an unexpected role in goblet cell maturation and mucus secretion. Anat Rec 293:1175–1183, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.}, number={7}, journal={ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY}, author={Ozden, Ozkan and Black, Betty L. and Ashwell, Christopher M. and Tipsmark, Christian K. and Borski, Russell J. and Grubb, Brenda J.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={1175–1183} }
 @article{grubb_bentley_1992, title={EFFECTS OF CORTICOSTEROIDS ON SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT ACROSS THE CECUM OF THE DOMESTIC-FOWL, GALLUS-DOMESTICUS}, volume={162}, ISSN={["1432-136X"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF00301618}, abstractNote={Both avian corticosteroid hormones, aldosterone and corticosterone, increased short-circuit current across the wall of the ceca of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) in vitro. About 80% of this short-circuit current was inhibited by the Na-channel blocking drug amiloride. Corticosterone was about ten times less potent than aldosterone in increasing short-circuit current and it exerted a similar maximal effect. Cortisol (an endogenous corticosteroid hormone in mammals but not birds) was about ten times less potent than corticosterone and this difference appeared to reflect the presence of the 17 alpha-OH group in cortisol. Carbenoxolene, which inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, increased the effect of corticosterone. This effect is consistent with inhibition of the metabolism of corticosterone to 11-dehydrocorticosterone. The latter was found to be about 100 times less potent than corticosterone. The effects of both aldosterone and corticosterone (also dexamethasone) were abolished by the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone. The results suggest that corticosterone has an effect similar to aldosterone but in vivo its action may be depressed by the activity of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The sensitivity of the cecal preparations to corticosterone indicates that this hormone could contribute to the regulation of transcecal Na transport (absorption) in vivo.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY}, author={GRUBB, BR and BENTLEY, PJ}, year={1992}, month={Dec}, pages={690–695} }
 @article{grubb_1991, title={Avian cecum: Role of glucose and volatile fatty acids in transepithelial ion transport}, volume={260}, number={5}, journal={American Journal of Physiology}, author={Grubb, B. R.}, year={1991}, pages={703} }
 @article{grubb_1991, title={ION-TRANSPORT ACROSS THE CHICK ILEUM - A GOOD MODEL FOR TRANSPORT STUDIES}, volume={100}, ISSN={["0300-9629"]}, DOI={10.1016/0300-9629(91)90403-Y}, abstractNote={1. The young chick (5-8 days) has been found to be an excellent preparation for the study of transepithelial intestinal ion transport. Due to the thinness of the intestinal tissue, it is not necessary to remove the serosal layers (serosal membranes, circular, and longitudinal muscles), thus circumventing the problems inherent in "stripping" the tissue. 2. The intact chick ileum had a significantly greater short-circuit current (Isc) and lower resistance than did intact adult ileum and transport parameters remained stable over the 6 hr experimental period. 3. Compared to the adult tissue, unidirectional fluxes of Na and Cl were greater in the chick ileum. Net flux of Na (absorption) was about 3 times greater in the chick ileum and the flux was equivalent to the Isc, thus this preparation appears to be characterized by electrogenic Na absorption. 4. Several ileal preparations from day old chicks were studied over an 18 hr period and these preparations were found to remain viable for this period of time with the Isc at the end of 18 hr being nearly identical to that at 2 hr. 5. Besides the advantage of not having to strip the intestinal tissue, and the long-term viability of the tissue, the chick is very inexpensive and easy to obtain and maintain.}, number={3}, journal={COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY}, author={GRUBB, BR}, year={1991}, pages={753–757} }
 @article{grubb_bentley_1990, title={Potassium transport across the intestines of the fowl Gallus domesticus}, volume={160}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology}, author={Grubb, B. R. and Bentley, P. J.}, year={1990}, pages={17} }