@article{irabagon_brooks_1974, title={INTERACTION OF CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS AND A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS IN LARVAE OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/67.2.229}, abstractNote={Development of the parasite, Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron), in larvae of Heliothis virescens (F.) infected with a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) rarely proceeded beyond the 1st instar if host larvae were exposed to the NPV prior to parasitization. Significant numbers of parasites survived only in NPV-infected larvae if exposure to the virus was delayed by 48 h following parasitization. Although polyhedral formation could not be detected within cells of the parasite, numerous polyhedra were found in the midgut lumens of parasitic larvae examined histologically. Such ingested polyhedra were voided in the parasite’s meconium during pupation, and adults were free of detectable polyhedra and symptoms of virus infection. However, female parasites which had developed in NPV-infected hosts were capable of transmitting the virus to healthy Heliothis larvae. Direct evidence that transmission was effected by the parasite’s ovipostor was obtained when healthy parasites were allowed to oviposit in an infected larva and then immediately permitted to oviposit in healthy larvae. While increased spread of the virus might be achieved, the practicality of coordinating inundative releases of the parasite with use of the NPV as a microbial insecticide would appear to be negated by the fact that the host-parasite-pathogen interactions are rather highly detrimenta1 to the parasite.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={IRABAGON, TA and BROOKS, WM}, year={1974}, pages={229–231} }