@article{rutz_axtell_1981, title={HOUSEFLY (MUSCA-DOMESTICA) CONTROL IN BROILER-BREEDER POULTRY HOUSES BY PUPAL PARASITES (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) - INDIGENOUS PARASITE SPECIES AND RELEASES OF MUSCIDIFURAX-RAPTOR}, volume={10}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/10.3.343}, abstractNote={Seven species of house fly pupal parasites, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, S. endius Walker, S. nigroaenea Curtis, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), S, drosophilae Ashmead, and S. nigra Latreille, were recovered from fly pupae exposed in broiler-breeder poultry houses. S. cameroni and M. raptor ranked first and second, respectively, in overall relative abundance and together both species accounted for 91% of all parasites collected.

Weekly sustained releases of an indigenous strain of M. raptor resulted in a significantly higher rate of house fly parasitism, concurrent with a significant reduction in the house fly population at the release farm in comparison to farms without parasite releases.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={RUTZ, DA and AXTELL, RC}, year={1981}, pages={343–345} }
 @article{rutz_axtell_edwards_1980, title={Effect of organic pollution levels on aquatic insect abundance in field pilot-scale anaerobic animal waste lagoons}, volume={40}, number={3}, journal={Mosquito News}, author={Rutz, D. A. and Axtell, R. C. and Edwards, T. D.}, year={1980}, pages={403} }
 @article{rutz_axtell_1980, title={HOUSEFLY (MUSCA-DOMESTICA) (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) PARASITES (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH POULTRY MANURE IN NORTH-CAROLINA}, volume={9}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/9.2.175}, abstractNote={A comprehensive 12-mo. survey of indigenous house fly parasites was conducted in the 3 geographic regions of North Carolina. Eight parasite species, Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, S. endius Walker, S. nigra Latreille, S. nigroaenea Curtis, S . n. sp. near drosophilae, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), and Nasonia vitripennis Walker were found. M. raptor was the most abundant parasite collected and the only species active throughout the year. S. cameroni, S. endius and S. nigroaenea , active from June through Nov., were the prevalent Spalangia species. A discussion of collection techniques is included.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={RUTZ, DA and AXTELL, RC}, year={1980}, pages={175–180} }
 @article{rutz_axtell_1980, title={INVASION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF HOUSEFLY, MUSCA-DOMESTICA (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE), PARASITES (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) IN NEW CAGED-LAYER POULTRY HOUSES}, volume={17}, ISSN={["0022-2585"]}, DOI={10.1093/jmedent/17.2.151}, abstractNote={Muscidifurax raptor, Spalangia undescribed sp. near drosophilae, S. cameroni, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae and Nasonia vitripennis invaded manure at new caged-layer poultry houses near Raleigh, North Carolina within 8 weeks after the chickens were placed in the houses. After these houses were in operation for 16 weeks. Spatangia endius and S. nigroaenea were also recovered. Spatangia nigra was the only parasite species new to the collections at these houses during the 2nd year of operation (1978). During the 2-year stLJdy, M. raptor, P. vindemiae and S. cameroni ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively, in relative abun, dance of all parasites collected. M. raptor and P. vindemiae were abundam from June through November. S. cameroni was prevalent in late summer and fall, while the other Spalangia species and N. vitripennis were most abundant during the summer. Weekly sustained releases of a Florida strain of S. endius did not increase house fly pupal parasitism at these poultry houses; only 3 specimens of S. endius were recovered during 3 months (August-October) of releases of 18,000 parasites per week.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={RUTZ, DA and AXTELL, RC}, year={1980}, pages={151–155} }
 @article{rutz_axtell_1979, title={SUSTAINED RELEASES OF MUSCIDIFURAX-RAPTOR (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) FOR HOUSEFLY (MUSCA-DOMESTICA) CONTROL IN 2 TYPES OF CAGED-LAYER POULTRY HOUSES}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/8.6.1105}, abstractNote={An indigenous strain of Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, a house fly pupal parasite, was mass-reared and released at 2 caged-layer poultry farms, one with narrow (California) houses and one with a high-rise house, from May through Nov. 1978. Weekly releases of 40,000 parasites in the narrow caged-layer houses resulted in a significant increase in the overall rate of parasitism of house fly pupae during the fly season in comparison to similar farms without releases; and a 2-fold increase in both the rate of parasitism and the proportion of M. raptor in the parasite population from that of the previous year; while parasitism rates and M. raptor populations remained essentially unchanged at farms receiving no parasite releases. In the high-rise house, weekly releases of 40,000 M. raptor resulted in a significant increase in the rate of parasitism of house fly pupae in the latter half of the fly season and a higher proportion of M. raptor in the parasite population in comparison to similar farms receiving no parasite releases. Concurrent with parasite releases, a reduction in the fly population occurred in the narrow caged-layer houses; however, no reduction was evident in the high-rise caged-layer house.}, number={6}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={RUTZ, DA and AXTELL, RC}, year={1979}, pages={1105–1110} }
 @article{rutz_axtell_1978, title={Factors affecting production of the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus (= fatigans) from anaerobic animal waste lagoons}, number={256}, journal={Technical Bulletin (North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station)}, author={Rutz, D. A. and Axtell, R. C.}, year={1978}, pages={32} }
 @book{rutz_axtell_1978, title={Factors affecting production of the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus (=fatigans) from anaerobic animal waste lagoons}, volume={256}, institution={North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station}, author={Rutz, D. A. and Axtell, R. C.}, year={1978} }
 @inproceedings{axtell_rutz_edwards_1975, title={Chemical control of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in swine waste lagoons (Abstract)}, booktitle={Proceedings?Annual Meeting (New Jersey Mosquito Control Association)}, author={Axtell, R. C. and Rutz, D. A. and Edwards, T. D.}, year={1975}, pages={234–235} }
 @inproceedings{axtell_rutz_overcash_humenik_1975, title={Mosquito production and control in animal waste lagoons}, booktitle={Managing Livestock Wastes: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (ASAE Pub. PROC-275)}, publisher={St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural Engineers}, author={Axtell, R. C. and Rutz, D. A. and Overcash, M. R. and Humenik, F. J.}, year={1975}, pages={15–1821} }