@article{scheideler_rives_garlich_ferket_1995, title={Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Effects on Broiler Performance and the Incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome Mortality}, volume={74}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0742011}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0742011}, abstractNote={Three experiments were conducted with broiler chickens to determine the effect of dietary Ca and P on growth, feed conversion, bone ash, and the incidence of sudden death syndrome (SDS) mortality. Trial 1 tested three rations [100% NRC (1984) Ca and P; 140% NRC Ca and P; and 140% NRC Ca and P to 3 wk and 100% NRC from 4 to 7 wk] in Ross x Ross males to 7 wk of age. Dietary Ca and P had no effect on body weight, feed conversion, bone ash, or leg problems, but SDS mortality was significantly higher in the two groups fed 140% Ca and P for 3 or 7 wk (2.83 and 3.33% SDS mortality, respectively). Trial 2 tested three diets (85% NRC Ca and P, 100% NRC Ca and P, and 140% NRC Ca and P) in mixed sex Arbor Acres x Peterson chicks to 7 wk of age. The lower level of Ca and P (85% NRC) significantly improved feed conversion (7 wk) and decreased bone ash only at 3 wk and serum Ca (7 wk). There was no effect of diet on SDS in this trial. Trial 3 tested two diets (85% NRC Ca and P or 100% NRC Ca and 85% NRC P) in Ross x Ross males to 9 wk of age. Six-week body weight was significantly reduced in the 85% NRC Ca and P diet but body weight was equal by 9 wk of age. No effects were observed for feed conversion, leg disorders, bone ash, or serum Ca. The SDS mortality was significantly increased in the chicks fed the 100% NRC Ca and 85% P diet compared to the 85% NRC Ca treatment. The results of these trials indicate that even slight deviations in dietary Ca and P beyond the NRC recommendations can create a metabolic imbalance in certain strains of broilers (Ross x Ross), which possibly increases susceptibility to SDS mortality.}, number={12}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Scheideler, S.E. and Rives, D.V. and Garlich, J.D. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1995}, month={Dec}, pages={2011–2018} }
 @article{scheideler_baughman_1993, title={COMPUTERIZED EARLY FEED RESTRICTION PROGRAMS FOR VARIOUS STRAINS OF BROILERS}, volume={72}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0720236}, abstractNote={Abstract Two trials were conducted with broiler chickens in a nested design of two feeding programs [ad libitum (AL) or restriction (R)] and two strains of chicks. The Trial 1 R program was 50% AL rate from 6 to 14 days of age fed to Strains A and B. The trial 2 R program was 65% AL rate from 8 to 14 days of age fed to Strain B and C. A computer-controlled feeding system was used to regulate the R program in each trial. Broilers on R programs exhibited compensatory growth at 21, 35, and 45 days of age equivalent to that of AL programs in both trials. Feed efficiency was not affected in Trial 1 by broilers fed R (1.68) versus AL (1.73) at 42 days but was significantly affected at 63 days (R = 2.15 and AL = 1.93). Trial 2 showed no significant effect of R (1.89) versus AL (2.01) on feed efficiency. Strain effects on carcass yield was determined only at 42 days in Trial 1. Feeding program did not affect percentage carcass fat (Trial 1) or abdominal fat pad size (Trial 2). Feed restriction did significantly improve percentage bone ash in Trial 2.}, number={2}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={SCHEIDELER, SE and BAUGHMAN, GR}, year={1993}, month={Feb}, pages={236–242} }
 @article{scheideler_1993, title={EFFECTS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF ALUMINOSILICATES AND AFLATOXIN-B1 ON AFLATOXIN TOXICITY, CHICK PERFORMANCE, AND MINERAL STATUS}, volume={72}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0720282}, abstractNote={In vivo and in vitro trials were conducted to test the efficacy of four aluminosilicates (AS) (Ethacal feed component, Novasil, Perlite, and Zeobrite) to sorb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and alleviate aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. Percentage sorption capacity of AS to radiolabeled AFB1 dissolved in methanol varied from 2 to 60%, whereas percentage sorption in intestinal contents varied from 0 to 40.0% according to type of AS tested. Intestinal contents alone sorbed 42% radiolabeled AFB1. Novasil and Zeobrite exhibited the highest rates of sorption (55 and 60%, respectively) in methanol. An in vivo study compared the four types of AS in combination with 0 or 2.5 ppm AFB1 fed to day-old chicks (two pens of six chicks per treatment) to 3 wk of age. Diet effects on body weight, liver lipid, bone ash, and serum Ca, P, Na, K, and Cl were measured. The AFB1 significantly decreased 2- and 3-wk body weight, and a significant interaction effect of AS and AFB1 on bird weight occurred at 2 and 3 wk of age. Three of the four AS tested alleviated the growth depression caused by AFB1. Liver lipids percentage was increased in the AFB1-treated chicks, but this effect was suppressed by three of the AS. Bone ash was not affected by AFB1 and was increased by Novasil and decreased by Ethacal. Ethacal, Novasil, Perlite, and Zeobrite all tended to decrease serum Cl, regardless of AFB1 treatment.}, number={2}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={SCHEIDELER, SE}, year={1993}, month={Feb}, pages={282–288} }
 @article{jones_axtell_rives_scheideler_tarver_walker_wineland_1991, title={A SURVEY OF CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI CONTAMINATION IN MODERN BROILER PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1944-9097"]}, DOI={10.4315/0362-028X-54.4.259}, abstractNote={Campylobacter jejuni contamination was surveyed in samples collected from the breeder-multiplier houses, broiler houses, feed mills, hatcheries, and processing plants of two integrated broiler firms. Insects and mice were also trapped at each location. C. jejuni was most frequently found in samples collected from processing plants, followed by samples collected from broiler houses, and breeder-multiplier houses. Samples obtained from feed mills and hatcheries were negative, suggesting that the C. jejuni was not transmitted by either feed or eggs. C. jejuni was also not isolated from insect or mouse samples. However, the external surfaces of insects were sanitized with a chlorine solution, prior to analysis. Thus, these data suggest any contamination of insects with C. jejuni is generally external not internal. Contamination in broilers apparently originated from some unknown source(s) in broiler houses. C. jejuni was isolated from 20% of the cloacal swabs taken as birds entered the plant, 52% of the carcasses sampled following immersion chilling, and 31.6% of whole broiler carcasses sampled at retail outlets. While these data suggest that cross-contamination occurred within processing plants, field control methods would appear to be necessary for control of C. jejuni in modern broiler production and processing systems. The frequent C. jejuni isolations from dead birds in broiler houses suggested the regular collection of normal mortality as one farm management procedure that might help reduce Campylobacter contamination in broilers.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION}, author={JONES, FT and AXTELL, RC and RIVES, DV and SCHEIDELER, SE and TARVER, FR and WALKER, RL and WINELAND, MJ}, year={1991}, month={Apr}, pages={259–262} }
 @article{jones_axtell_rives_scheideler_tarver_walker_wineland_1991, title={A SURVEY OF SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION IN MODERN BROILER PRODUCTION}, volume={54}, ISSN={["0362-028X"]}, DOI={10.4315/0362-028X-54.7.502}, abstractNote={A survey of contamination with Salmonella was done in the breeder/multiplier and broiler houses, feed mills, hatcheries, and processing plants of two integrated broiler firms. Samples of insects and mice were also collected at each location. Sixty percent (60%) of the meat and bone meal samples collected at feed mills were contaminated. Salmonella was isolated from 35% of the mash feed samples tested. The pelleting process reduced Salmonella isolation rates by 82.0%. Data collected from breeder/multiplier houses suggested that feed was the ultimate source of Salmonella contamination in that environment. Salmonella was found in 9.4% of the yolk sac samples collected from day-old chicks in hatcheries. Fecal dropping samples collected in broiler houses about one week prior to slaughter were contaminated at a rate of 5.2%. Salmonella was found in 33% of the samples collected from live haul trucks and 21.4% of the whole processed broiler carcasses sampled at processing plants. Salmonella typhimurium was the serotype most commonly isolated. The gastrointestinal tract of one of 19 mice sampled was contaminated with Salmonella . Data suggest that insects were primarily mechanical carriers. Results suggest Salmonella contamination in the U.S. broiler production and processing system has changed little since 1969. The data also underline the contention that effective Salmonella control efforts must be comprehensive.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION}, author={JONES, FT and AXTELL, RC and RIVES, DV and SCHEIDELER, SE and TARVER, FR and WALKER, RL and WINELAND, MJ}, year={1991}, month={Jul}, pages={502–507} }
 @inbook{jones_axtell_tarver_rives_scheideler_wineland_1991, title={Environmental factors contributing to Salmonella colonization of chickens}, DOI={10.1016/b978-0-12-104280-6.50011-3}, booktitle={Colonization control of human bacterial enteropathogens in poultry}, publisher={Academy Press}, author={Jones, F. T. and Axtell, R. C. and Tarver, F. R. and Rives, D. V. and Scheideler, S. R. and Wineland, M. J.}, editor={Blankenship, L. C. and Bailey, J. S. and Cox, N. A. and Stern, N. J. and Meinersmann, R. J.Editors}, year={1991}, pages={3–21} }
 @article{scheideler_1991, title={INTERACTION OF DIETARY CALCIUM, MANGANESE, AND MANGANESE SOURCE (MN OXIDE OR MN METHIONINE COMPLEX) ON CHICK PERFORMANCE AND MANGANESE UTILIZATION}, volume={29}, ISSN={["0163-4984"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF03032679}, abstractNote={Two trials were conducted to determine the utilization of manganese (Mn) as influenced by the level and source of Mn and the level of dietary calcium (Ca) in broiler chickens. Trial One was a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of two Mn sources (Mn methionine or manganous oxide), two levels of dietary Ca (1.8 or 1.0), and three levels of supplemental Mn (30, 60, or 200 mg/kg) fed until 4 wk of age. Total phosphorus (available phosphorus) levels were 0.70% (0.48%) during all ages. High levels of dietary Ca caused a slower early rate of growth (0.53 vs. 0.64 kg) for chicks fed 1.8 vs 1.0% Ca, respectively. Chick weight was equivalent for all diets within the Ca-treatment group, except the dietary combination of high Ca and 200 mg/kg Mn as Mn methionine. Bone and liver Mn were significantly increased as the Mn level increased, but were not affected by the Mn source. Chicks fed 1.8% Ca had higher levels of bone Mn (9.28 ppm) than chicks fed 1.0% Ca (7.23 ppm). High levels of dietary Ca and 200 ppm Mn methionine dramatically depressed early growth, feed intake, and bone ash in this trial, raising the question of a diet x environment (heat-stress) effect. Trial Two was a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of two levels of dietary Ca (1.8 or 1.0%) and two Mn sources (200 mg/kg Mn as Mn methionine or MnO) up to 3 wk of age in a controlled heat-stress environment. No growth depression in the chicks fed high levels of Ca and Mn methionine was observed. In the presence of high levels of dietary Ca, bone Mn was significantly higher when chicks were fed the MnO source. In summary, dietary Ca did not decrease Mn utilization in these trials, and availability of Mn in Mn methionine as a source compared to MnO depended on dietary Ca levels.}, number={3}, journal={BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH}, author={SCHEIDELER, SE}, year={1991}, month={Jun}, pages={217–228} }
 @article{scheideler_1990, title={EFFECT OF VARIOUS LIGHT-SOURCES ON BROILER PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION UNDER COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS}, volume={69}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0691030}, abstractNote={Abstract Field trials were conducted in commercial broiler houses to test the effects of various light sources (incandescent and fluorescent) and light intensity on BW, feed conversion, mortality, condemnations, field defects, electrical usage, and electrical costs. Light sources included: 15- and 40-W incandescent lamps; 5 and 9-W compact, fluorescent lamps; and 40-W, 1.2-m fluorescent tube lamps. Type of lamp had no significant effect on bird performance measurements but did directly affect light intensity and lighting electricity costs. Light intensity was adequate in all instances and did not affect performance. Fluorescent lamps significantly reduced lighting electricity costs without any detrimental effect on broiler performance in comparison to standard low wattage incandescent lights.}, number={6}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={SCHEIDELER, SE}, year={1990}, month={Jun}, pages={1030–1033} }