@article{lewis_jeffries_strek_richardson_yelverton_2013, title={Effect of Ambient Moisture on Aminocyclopyrachlor Efficacy}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/wt-d-12-00131.1}, abstractNote={Abstract Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) is a newly developed synthetic auxin herbicide for broadleaf weed control in turfgrass systems. AMCP has been observed to undergo rapid photodecomposition in shallow water when exposed to sunlight. Most herbicide applications on golf courses occur during the morning when dew is still present on the turfgrass canopy. These conditions could result in efficacy loss if photolysis occurred while AMCP is suspended in dew droplets. Research was conducted to determine the effect of ambient moisture on AMCP efficacy. AMCP (79 and 105 g ae ha−1), aminopyralid (280 g ae ha −1), and two AMCP granular formulations (84 g ha−1) were applied to dew-covered (WET) and dew-excluded (DRY) ‘Tifway' bermudagrass plots. Herbicide treatments applied to WET plots had greater visually rated bermudagrass injury than respective treatments applied to DRY plots at 7 and 21 d after treatment (DAT), with the exception of aminopyralid at 21 DAT. Normalized difference vegetative index on turfgrass quality complemented visual ratings, indicating greater turfgrass quality reductions when applied to WET vs. DRY plots. These results indicate that AMCP applications made to dew-covered turfgrass can increase herbicidal efficacy, and no significant losses due to photodegradation were observed. Nomenclature: Aminocyclopyrachlor, 6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclopropyl-4-pyrimidine-carboxylic acid; aminopyralid, 4-amino-3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid; bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy ‘Tifway'. Resumen Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) es un herbicida del grupo de las auxinas sintéticas recientemente desarrollado para el control de malezas de hoja ancha en sistemas de céspedes. Se ha visto que AMCP sufre una rápida fotodescomposición en aguas superficiales cuando se expone a la luz solar. La mayoría de las aplicaciones de herbicidas en campos de golf se dan durante las mañanas cuando el rocío está todavía presente sobre el dosel del césped. Estas condiciones podrían resultar en una pérdida de eficacia si ocurre fotólisis mientras AMCP se encuentra suspendido en las gotas de rocío. Se realizó una investigación para determinar el efecto de la humedad ambiental sobre la eficacia de AMCP. Se aplicó AMCP (79 y 105 g ae ha−1), aminopyralid (280 g ae ha−1), y dos formulaciones granulares de AMCP (84 g ha−1) a parcelas del césped Cynodon dactylon 'Tifway' cubiertas con rocío (WET) y sin rocío (DRY). Los herbicidas aplicados a parcelas WET tuvieron un mayor daño evaluado visualmente que los tratamientos respectivos aplicados a parcelas DRY a 7 y 21 días después del tratamiento (DAT), con la excepción de aminopyralid a 21 DAT. El índice de diferencia vegetativa normalizada de la calidad del césped complementó las evaluaciones visuales, indicando mayores reducciones en la calidad del césped cuando se aplicaron parcelas en WET vs. DRY. Estos resultados indican que las aplicaciones AMCP hechas en césped cubierto con rocío pueden incrementar la eficacia del herbicida y no se observaron pérdidas significativas debido a fotodegradación.}, number={2}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Lewis, Dustin F. and Jeffries, Matthew D. and Strek, Harry J. and Richardson, Robert J. and Yelverton, Fred H.}, year={2013}, pages={317–322} }
 @article{strek_weber_1982, title={BEHAVIOR OF POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS (PCBS) IN SOILS AND PLANTS}, volume={28}, ISSN={["0143-1471"]}, DOI={10.1016/0143-1471(82)90146-5}, abstractNote={A review of the literature indicates that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are not leachable in soils and that they are readily adsorbed by soil constituent. It appears that lower chlorinated PCBs are less adsorbed and thus slightly mobile in soils. Total organic matter content of soils seems to be more important than total clay content or total surface area in explaining adsorption of PCBs by soils. There have been few reports of the effect of PCBs on plants. These reports indicate that plants absorb PCBs, but in very low amounts. PCBs appear to have some effect on photosynthesis and respiration in plants.}, number={4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION SERIES A-ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL}, author={STREK, HJ and WEBER, JB}, year={1982}, pages={291–312} }