@article{white_engelke_morton_johnsoncicalese_ruemmele_1992, title={ACREMONIUM ENDOPHYTE EFFECTS ON TALL FESCUE DROUGHT TOLERANCE}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183X003200060017x}, abstractNote={Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is grown as a forage, turfgrass, and conservation grass from the Gulf Coast to Canada in the eastern USA. The presence of endophytes in grasses can confer resistance to insect pests, enhance growth, and improve tall fescue persistence under high temperature and drought stress. Most tall fescue is infected with Acremonium coenophialum Morgan‐Jones & Gams, a fungal endophyte. Our objectives were to determine the effects of endophyte infection on water relations and survival of water stressed (i.e., drought‐stressed) tall rescue under greenhouse conditions. Endophyte‐free and infected plants of three tall fescue selections were vegetatively propagated and grown together in 38‐L weighing lysimeters to allow interplant competition for available soil moisture. Irrigation water and fertilizer were applied for 12 wk after planting before irrigation water was withheld for 8 wk. Water‐relation characteristics including full‐turgor osmotic potential (ψπ100), water potential at zero turgot (ψL0), relative water content at zero turgot (RWC0), apoplastic water fraction (β), bulk modulus tissue elasticity (ϵ), and the turgid weight to dry weight ratio (TW/DW) were determined before and after water stress. Osmotic adjustment (Δψπ) was also determined. Endophytein fection did not affect ψπ100, ψL0, RWC0, and β either before or after water stress and did not affect Δψπ. Endophyte infection did affect ϵ and the TW/DW ratio, but this effect was not sufficient to alter ψL0. Total tillers, tiller survival, plant survival, and recovery weights were similar for endophyte‐free and ‐infected plants. No evidence for endophyte‐mediated drought tolerance was observed in this study. Based on this work, endophyte‐mediated drought resistance may be due to alterations in drought avoidance.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={WHITE, RH and ENGELKE, MC and MORTON, SJ and JOHNSONCICALESE, JM and RUEMMELE, BA}, year={1992}, pages={1392–1396} }
 @article{white_engelke_morton_ruemmele_1992, title={COMPETITIVE TURGOR MAINTENANCE IN TALL FESCUE}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183X003200010050x}, abstractNote={Economical, rapid methods are needed to identify drought‐tolerant turfgrasses. Objectives of this study were to (i) examine water relations of three tall rescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) selections, (ii) determine the relationship between these characteristics and recovery from water deficit under greenhouse conditions, and (iii) assess the feasibility of using a competitive soil moisture extraction technique to select tall rescue germplasm with superior drought tolerance. Three tall rescue selections were vegetatively propagated and grown together in 38‐L weighing lysimeters to allow interplant competition for available soil moisture. Adequate irrigation and fertilizer were applied for 12 wk after planting; irrigation was then withheld for 8 wk. Tiller survival among selections ranged from 2 to 37% and plant survival ranged from 22 to 76% at 4 wk after irrigation was resumed. Survival was associated with low basal osmotic potential before stress and osmotic adjustment, prolonged positive turgor maintenance, and delayed leaf rolling during stress. Leaf rolling scores, and tiller and plant survival during competitive soil moisture extraction were easily assessed indicators of tall fescue germplasm drought tolerance.}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={WHITE, RH and ENGELKE, MC and MORTON, SJ and RUEMMELE, BA}, year={1992}, pages={251–256} }