@article{draughn_allen_routh_stone_kirker_boegli_schuchman_linder_baynes_james_et al._2017, title={Evaluation of a 2-aminoimidazole variant as adjuvant treatment for dermal bacterial infections}, volume={11}, journal={Drug Design Development and Therapy}, author={Draughn, G. L. and Allen, C. L. and Routh, P. A. and Stone, M. R. and Kirker, K. R. and Boegli, A. and Schuchman, R. M. and Linder, K. E. and Baynes, R. E. and James, G. and et al.}, year={2017}, pages={153–162} }
 @article{gray_hunter_stone_gookin_2010, title={Assessment of reproductive tract disease in cats at risk for Tritrichomonas foetus infection}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.71.1.76}, abstractNote={Abstract
Objective—To determine whether Tritrichomonas foetus infection resides in reproductive tract tissues from cats housed for breeding and for which a high prevalence of colonic T foetus infection has been reported.
Animals—61 purebred cats in 36 catteries undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy or castration and for which reproductive tract tissues, feces, and a reproductive history were obtained.
Procedures—Reproductive tract tissues were examined for T foetus via light microscopy, immunohistochemical analysis, and PCR assay. History of reproductive tract disease was examined to detect statistical associations with identified or reported exposure to colonic T foetus infection.
Results—15 of 61 (25%) cats and 22 of 33 (67%) catteries were identified with active or reported T foetus infection. Light microscopic, immunohistochemical, or molecular evidence of T foetus infection of the reproductive tract was not detected in any cats, including 15 cats with colonic T foetus infection, 29 cats residing in a cattery in which T foetus–infected cats were identified, and 8 cats for which gross or light microscopic evidence of reproductive tract disease was identified. There were no differences in total number of litters, number of litters per breeding, kitten mortality rate, or birth defects between cats or catteries infected with T foetus and those for which T foetus infection was not identified.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No evidence of reproductive tract colonization by T foetus was detected in this study. Accordingly, it is unlikely that reproductive tract infection with T foetus plays an important role in overall disease transmission.}, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Gray, Sara G. and Hunter, Stuart A. and Stone, Maria R. and Gookin, Jody L.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={76–81} }
 @article{gookin_stone_yaeger_meyerholz_moisan_2010, title={Fluorescence in situ hybridization for identification of Tritrichomonas foetus in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded histological specimens of intestinal trichomonosis}, volume={172}, ISSN={["0304-4017"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.014}, abstractNote={In the present study a highly species-specific oligonucleotide sequence of Tritrichomonas foetus 18S rRNA was used to design an antisense probe for identification of T. foetus in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded histological specimens by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Using archival histological specimens from several species with light microscopic evidence of intestinal trichomoniasis, and under optimized hybridization conditions, the probe positively identified trichomonads in colonic specimens from piglets and a kitten with PCR-confirmed T. foetus infection. Neither positive hybridization of the probe or PCR amplification of T. foetus DNA was observed in histological specimens from hamster (Tritrichomonas muris), turkey, nor mouse (Entamoeba muris) intestinal protozoal infections. Sequence-specific binding of the probe was further verified by successfully out-competing the hybridization with 10 x molar excess unlabeled probe and failure of a labeled sense probe to hybridize. The FISH assay described here enables simultaneous location and molecular identification of T. foetus in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded histological specimens of intestinal trichomoniasis. The methods employed are likely to also be applicable to probes designed for specific recognition of other trichomonad species, especially in mammalian tissue where red blood cell auto-fluorescence can be easily differentiated from the hybridization signal of trichomonads.}, number={1-2}, journal={VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY}, author={Gookin, J. L. and Stone, M. R. and Yaeger, M. J. and Meyerholz, D. K. and Moisan, Peter}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={139–143} }
 @article{nicklas_moisan_stone_gookin_2010, title={In Situ Molecular Diagnosis and Histopathological Characterization of Enteroadherent Enterococcus hirae Infection in Pre-Weaning-Age Kittens}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1098-660X"]}, DOI={10.1128/jcm.00916-09}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTThe bacterial causes of diarrhea can be frustrating to identify, and it is likely that many remain undiagnosed. The pathogenic potential of certain bacteria becomes less ambiguous when they are observed to intimately associate with intestinal epithelial cells. In the present study we sought to retrospectively characterize the clinical,in situmolecular, and histopathological features of enteroadherent bacteria in seven unrelated kittens that were presumptively diagnosed with enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) on the basis of postmortem light microscopic and, in some cases, microbiological examination. Characterization of the enteroadherent bacteria in each case was performed by Gram staining,in situhybridization using fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probes, PCR amplification of species-specific gene sequences, and ultrastructural imaging applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of intestinal tissue. In only two kittens was EPEC infection confirmed. In the remaining five kittens, enteroadherent bacteria were identified asEnterococcusspp. The enterococci were further identified asEnterococcus hiraeon the basis of PCR amplification of DNA extracted from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and amplified by using species-specific primers. Transmission electron microscopy of representative lesions fromE. coli- andEnterococcusspp.-infected kittens revealed coccobacilli adherent to intestinal epithelial cells without effacement of microvilli or cup-and-pedestal formation. Enterococci were not observed, nor were DNA sequences amplified from intestinal tissue obtained from age-matched kittens euthanized for reasons unrelated to intestinal disease. These studies suggest thatE. hiraemay be a common cause of enteroadherent bacterial infection in pre-weaning-age kittens and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bacterial disease in this population.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Nicklas, Jodi L. and Moisan, Peter and Stone, Maria R. and Gookin, Jody L.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={2814–2820} }
 @article{bissett_stone_malik_norris_o'brien_mansfield_nicholls_griffin_gookin_2009, title={Observed occurrence of Tritrichomonas foetus and other enteric parasites in Australian cattery and shelter cats}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1532-2750"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jfms.2009.02.001}, abstractNote={Cattery-housed pedigree cats, located mostly within the USA, have the highest reported prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus (T foetus) to date. This prospective, multi-institutional, cross sectional study examines the occurrence of T foetus and other enteric parasites in cattery-housed and shelter cats within Australia, where T foetus has only recently been identified. Faecal specimens were collected from 134 cats, including 82 cattery-housed pedigree cats and 52 shelter cats. Faecal examinations performed for most cats included concentration techniques, Snap Giardia test, culture in InPouch medium, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of T foetus ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes using species-specific primers. Observed occurrence of T foetus, Giardia species, Isospora species and Toxascaris leonina for cattery-housed cats (and catteries) were 0%, 7.4 (13.8)%, 10.9 (22.6)% and 1.6 (3.2)%, respectively. Observed occurrence of T foetus, Giardia species, Isospora species and hookworms for shelter cats were 0%, 11.5%, 9.8% and 4.9%, respectively. These results suggest the prevalence of T foetus in cattery-housed cats is currently much lower in Australia than in the USA, while Isospora and Giardia species infections are common.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Bissett, Sally A. and Stone, Maria L. and Malik, Richard and Norris, Jacqueline M. and O'Brien, Carolyn and Mansfield, Caroline S. and Nicholls, Julia M. and Griffin, Alison and Gookin, Jody L.}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={803–807} }
 @article{bissett_gowan_o'brien_stone_gookin_2008, title={Feline diarrhoea associated with Tritrichomonas cf. foetus and Giardia co-infection in an Australian cattery}, volume={86}, ISSN={["1751-0813"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1751-0813.2008.00356.x}, abstractNote={A 10‐week‐old female Ocicat was presented at a primary care feline veterinary practice for failure to thrive and diarrhoea. Numerous trophozoites, atypical forGiardiasp., were detected on a direct faecal examination, in addition toGiardiacysts. Although the failure to thrive and diarrhoea resolved following treatment for giardiasis, further diagnostic tests performed on faecal specimens from the kitten and 15 other Ocicats from the same cattery, including culture of trophozoites in In Pouch™ medium, PCR testing and molecular sequencing of PCR amplicons, confirmed infection withTritrichomonascf.foetus.This is the first report in Australia of feline trichomoniasis, which appears to be an emerging infectious disease of cats. Pertinent information regarding the clinical features, diagnosis, therapy, and potential source of feline trichomoniasis within Australia are discussed.}, number={11}, journal={AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Bissett, S. A. and Gowan, R. A. and O'Brien, C. R. and Stone, M. R. and Gookin, J. L.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={440–443} }
 @article{gookin_stauffer_stone_2008, title={Induction of arginase II by intestinal epithelium promotes the uptake of L-arginine from the lumen of Cryptosporidium parvum-infected porcine ileum}, volume={47}, ISSN={["0277-2116"]}, DOI={10.1097/MPG.0b013e31816f6c02}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTObjectives:To determine the specific transport system activities and expression of transporter genes responsible for uptake of L‐arginine from the lumen of normal and Cryptosporidium parvum–infected neonatal porcine ileum and the influence of L‐arginine catabolic pathways on L‐arginine uptake.Methods:Intact sheets of ileal mucosa from control and C parvum–infected neonatal piglets were mounted in Ussing chambers and the uptake of 14C‐L‐arginine was determined under initial rate conditions and in the presence of transport system–selective inhibitors. Epithelial expression of L‐arginine transporter genes was quantified by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. L‐Arginine catabolic enzyme expression was examined by immunoblotting epithelial lysates for arginase I and II. The role of intracellular catabolism in promoting the uptake of L‐arginine was determined by pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and arginase activities.Results:C parvum–infected ileum transported L‐arginine at rates equivalent to uninfected epithelium despite profound villous atrophy. This was attributed to enhanced uptake of L‐arginine by individual epithelial cells in the infection. There were no differences in L‐arginine transport system activities (y+ and B0,+) or level of transporter gene expression (CAT‐1, CAT‐2A, and ATB0,+) between uninfected and C parvum–infected epithelial cells. However, infected epithelia had induced expression of the L‐arginine hydrolytic enzyme arginase II and lower concentrations of L‐arginine. Furthermore, transport of L‐arginine by the infected epithelium was significantly inhibited by pharmacological blockade of arginase.Conclusions:Intracellular catabolism by arginase II, the induction of which has not been described previously for intestinal epithelium, facilitates uptake of L‐arginine by infected epithelium using transport systems that do not differ from those of uninfected cells. Induction of arginase II may limit nitric oxide synthesis by competing with nitric oxide synthase for utilization of L‐arginine or promote use of L‐arginine for the synthesis of reparative polyamines.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION}, author={Gookin, Jody L. and Stauffer, Stephen H. and Stone, Maria R.}, year={2008}, month={Oct}, pages={417–427} }