@article{cardinal_burton_camacho-roger_whetten_chappell_bilyeu_auclair_dewey_2011, title={Molecular Analysis of GmFAD3A in Two Soybean Populations Segregating for the fan, fap1, and fap(nc) Loci}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2010.08.0500}, abstractNote={Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have undesirable levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their oil that result in oxidative instability and poor flavor. The process of hydrogenation improves the stability but creates undesirable trans fats. Lines carrying fan genes have decreased linolenic acid (18:3) content. Changes in transcription or activity of the desaturase encoded by the GmFAD3 gene cause a reduction in 18:3 content in certain lines. The objectives of this study were to determine the molecular basis of the fan allele in PI 123440, develop molecular markers to assay for the GmFAD3 gene in lines carrying fan(PI 123440), and estimate the variation in the 18:3 explained by the GmFAD3A locus. Sequence analysis of the GmFAD3A from ‘Soyola’, the fan(PI 123440) allele, and ‘Dare’ showed no sequence polymorphisms that would alter the amino acid sequence of the enzyme. RNA blot analysis of a low‐18:3 line carrying a fan(PI 123440) allele, a line with normal 18:3 content, and three of their progenies showed a decrease in steady‐state FAD3A RNA levels in low‐18:3 lines. A marker for GmFAD3A was tested in two populations segregating for fan(PI 123440). Lines homozygous the GmFAD3A allele inherited from PI 123440 had a significant reduction in 18:3 when compared to lines homozygous for the GmFAD3A allele from the normal 18:3 parent. The differences between the two groups explained more than 77.5% of the genetic variation in 18:3 seed‐oil content in the populations. In summary, a reduction in the steady‐state mRNA levels of the GmFAD3A leads to a reduction in 18:3 synthesis within the developing seed in plants containing the fan(PI 123440) allele.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Cardinal, Andrea J. and Burton, Joseph W. and Camacho-Roger, Ana Maria and Whetten, Rebecca and Chappell, Andrew S. and Bilyeu, Kristin D. and Auclair, Jerome and Dewey, Ralph E.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={2104–2112} }
 @article{bachlava_burton_brownie_wang_auclair_cardinal_2008, title={Heritability of oleic acid content in soybean seed oil and its genetic correlation with fatty acid and agronomic traits}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.01.0049}, abstractNote={Oleate content is important for the nutritional value and oxidative stability of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil. Response to selection for higher oleate content depends on its heritability in breeding populations, and correlated responses of other fatty acid and agronomic traits to selection for oleate content depend on their genetic correlations with oleate. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of oleate content and to determine the correlation of oleate with other fatty acid and agronomic traits in three soybean populations segregating for major and minor oleate genes grown in multiple environments. One of the populations consisted of 721 lines, providing excellent precision for estimation of the genetic parameters. The results of this study indicated that heritability for oleate content was sufficiently high that early generation selection can be effective when practiced on unreplicated lines grown at a single environment. Significant negative correlations were observed between oleate and linoleate, oleate and linolenate, as well as oleate and palmitate in all three populations. Significant positive correlations were detected between palmitate and stearate in one population segregating for oleate genes and fapnc and fap1 alleles, which reduce palmitate content. In the same population we also observed a significant negative correlation between yield and oleate content, and positive correlations between yield and linoleate, and linolenate and palmitate contents.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bachlava, Eleni and Burton, Joseph W. and Brownie, Cavell and Wang, Sanbao and Auclair, Jerome and Cardinal, Andrea J.}, year={2008}, pages={1764–1772} }