@article{scolforo_mctague_burkhart_roise_alvares_stape_2020, title={Site index estimation for clonal eucalypt plantations in Brazil: A modeling approach refined by environmental variables}, volume={466}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118079}, abstractNote={Growth models have been applied to assess the growth potential for areas without previous forest plantation records and to update forest inventory when commercial stands have been planted. However, there is a lack of growth models capable of incorporating environmental variables for updating forest inventories and recomputing site quality throughout Brazil. Consequently, this research aimed to deliver a compatible set of prediction and projection growth equations with parameters refined by environmental variables. The dataset used through this study is composed of remeasurement information of 16 research sites in Brazil. At each site, the same eleven eucalypt clones were planted in single block plots. Extra block plots were also installed in 14 sites to evaluate eucalyptus growth under drier climate scenarios. Four different competing model forms were tested. A common parameter of the best compatible set of growth equations was refined to test the magnitude of the environment effect on the prediction and projections of dominant height/site index in clonal eucalypt stands in Brazil. The compatible set of Chapman-Richards growth equations displayed the most accurate estimates of dominant height for clonal eucalypt plantations in Brazil. The common asymptote parameters between the growth models were refined as a function of annual soil water deficit (SWD), and a gain in accuracy of the projected and predicted dominant height estimates was observed. It is relevant to highlight that the developed set of growth equations possesses the ability to make short-, medium- and long-term predictions and projections with more assuredness about the biological behavior and its soundness. This feature ensures accurate estimation of site-specific growth curves.}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Scolforo, Henrique Ferraco and McTague, John Paul and Burkhart, Harold and Roise, Joseph and Alvares, Clayton Alcarde and Stape, Jose Luiz}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{hakamada_hubbard_ferraz_stape_lemos_2017, title={Biomass production and potential water stress increase with planting density in four highly productive clonal Eucalyptus genotypes}, volume={79}, number={3}, journal={Southern Forests}, author={Hakamada, R. and Hubbard, R. M. and Ferraz, S. and Stape, J. L. and Lemos, C.}, year={2017}, pages={251–257} }
 @article{christina_nouvellon_laclau_stape_bouillet_lambais_maire_2017, title={Importance of deep water uptake in tropical eucalypt forest}, volume={31}, number={2}, journal={Functional Ecology}, author={Christina, M. and Nouvellon, Y. and Laclau, J. P. and Stape, J. L. and Bouillet, J. P. and Lambais, G. R. and Maire, G.}, year={2017}, pages={509–519} }
 @article{scolforo_soares scolforo_stape_mctague_burkhart_mccarter_castro neto_loos_sartorio_2017, title={Incorporating rainfall data to better plan eucalyptus clones deployment in eastern Brazil}, volume={391}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2017.02.025}, abstractNote={The goals of this study were to identify and group three eucalyptus clones, each under coppice and clear-cut management regimes, into two or more groups based on similar growth rates; and fit a site index equation as a function of rainfall variables for each group to evaluate how different groups were impacted by climatic variation. The database came from the Continuous Forest Inventory (CFI) and weather stations. The CFI was conducted between 1994 and 2012, with climatic data also being gathered for the same period. The study area was managed by clear-cut and coppice regimes, with 126 and 72 CFI plots, respectively. The relationship between clones, management regimes and stand age with annual dominant height growth was assessed by linear mixed effects modeling. Ridge regression was applied for fitting each group as a function of the rainfall variables. Finally, ordinary Kriging was applied for each of the rainfall variables in the study area. Then, site index equations were applied to the generated maps enabling the observation of their pattern throughout the study area as well as their evaluation under a pessimistic climatic scenario. Three groups were defined, since each clone exhibited similar growth behavior under either management regimes; however, the 3 clones differ among each other. A significant reduction in the annual dominant height growth over time was observed for all 3 clones. Ridge regressions afforded good accuracy and equations with sound biological behavior. Applying the fitted site index equations to the maps of precipitation and rainy days enabled the definition of the most appropriate clone to be planted throughout the area. Site quality as a function of rainfall variables could be an important tool to better enable silvicultural planning, since it provides estimates of the site index and also enables the incorporation of short-term climate change.}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Scolforo, Henrique Ferraco and Soares Scolforo, Jose Roberto and Stape, Jose Luiz and McTague, John Paul and Burkhart, Harold and McCarter, James and Castro Neto, Fernando and Loos, Rodolfo Araujo and Sartorio, Robert Cardoso}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={145–153} }
 @article{pinheiro_deus_nouvellon_campoe_stape_alo_guerrini_jourdan_laclau_2016, title={A fast exploration of very deep soil layers by Eucalyptus seedlings and clones in Brazil}, volume={366}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Pinheiro, R. C. and Deus, J. C. and Nouvellon, Y. and Campoe, O. C. and Stape, J. L. and Alo, L. L. and Guerrini, I. A. and Jourdan, C. and Laclau, J. P.}, year={2016}, pages={143–152} }
 @article{cook_binkley_stape_2016, title={Eucalyptus plantation effects on soil carbon after 20 years and three rotations in Brazil}, volume={359}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84943605697&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.035}, abstractNote={How will shifting land use from row crops and pasture to intensively managed forests alter soil carbon storage? Demand and profitability has led to a dramatic increase in Eucalyptus production with a total planted area over 20 million hectares worldwide. The impacts of these short-rotation (6- to 8-year harvest cycle) Eucalyptus plantations on soil carbon appear to be variable, and the available case studies are typically too short term to support generalization. Spatial heterogeneity of soils across landscapes requires repeated sampling for reliable documentation of soil carbon changes over multiple rotations. We characterized soil carbon stocks and change over two decades in 306 operational Eucalyptus plantations across a 1200-km gradient. Across all sites, soil C (0–30 cm depth) in 2010 averaged 29 Mg ha−1 (± 0.70 Mg ha−1), tending to increase with increasing soil clay content, precipitation, and mean annual temperature. Average soil C from the original sampling to 2010 (ranging from 18 to 26 years or approximately 3 to 4 rotations) showed a slight decrease (−0.22 ± 0.05 Mg ha−1 yr−1, P < 0.0001). Tropical sites in Region 1 (Bahia state) showed no net change (−0.11 Mg ha−1 yr−1, P = 0.1874, whereas tropical and subtropical sites in Region 2 (Espirito Santo state) lost soil carbon stocks (−0.87 Mg ha−1 yr−1, P < 0.0001), and subtropical sites in Region 3 (São Paulo state) also remained the same (0.06 Mg ha−1 yr−1, P = 0.3969). Soil carbon change tended to increase with precipitation during the dry season, and had weaker associations with soil order and mean annual temperature.}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Cook, Rachel L. and Binkley, Dan and Stape, Jose Luiz}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={92–98} }
 @article{ramirez_rubilar_montes_stape_fox_allen_2016, title={Nitrogen availability and mineralization in Pinus radiata stands fertilized mid-rotation at three contrasting sites}, volume={16}, DOI={10.4067/s0718-95162016005000009}, abstractNote={Fertilization of Pinus radiata plantations mid-rotation after thinning can alter soil nitrogen availability. However, the magnitudes and durations of tree and stand growth responses are not well understood across different soils with specific site conditions. Two mid-rotation fertilization trials in Pinus radiata plantations with unexpected sustained growth responses for more than 6 years and volume gains of 25 m3ha-1 and 50 m3 ha-1 in sandy and granitic soil, respectively, and one trial with no response to fertilization were selected to study the monthly dynamics of nitrogen availability and net mineralization using in situ core incubations. After 2 years, the results showed that fertilization increased nitrogen mineralization and availability until 6 years in sandy soils and until 7 years in granitic soil following fertilization. This result explained the sustained stand growth response observed at these sites. When considering the magnitude of the response, large increases in mineralization rates and soil N availability were observed in the granitic soil relative to the sandy soil. Our results suggest that stands with available N-(NH4+ + NO3-) levels less than 2 kg ha-1 during spring and fall months or with N-(NO3-) levels lower than 0.2 kg ha-1 during any month may respond to N fertilization.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition}, author={Ramirez, M. V. and Rubilar, R. A. and Montes, C. and Stape, J. L. and Fox, T. R. and Allen, Howard}, year={2016}, pages={118–136} }
 @article{christina_nouvellon_laclau_stape_campoe_maire_2016, title={Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the carbon and water fluxes at the tree scale in Eucalyptus plantations using a metamodeling approach}, volume={46}, number={3}, journal={Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, author={Christina, M. and Nouvellon, Y. and Laclau, J. P. and Stape, J. L. and Campoe, O. C. and Maire, G.}, year={2016}, pages={297–309} }
 @article{silva_goergens_campoe_alvares_stape_rodriguez_2015, title={Assessing biomass based on canopy height profiles using airborne laser scanning data in eucalypt plantations}, volume={72}, number={6}, journal={Scientia Agricola}, author={Silva, A. G. P. and Goergens, E. B. and Campoe, O. C. and Alvares, C. A. and Stape, J. L. and Rodriguez, L. C. E.}, year={2015}, pages={504–512} }
 @article{albaugh_alvarez_rubilar_fox_allen_stape_mardones_2015, title={Long-term Pinus radiata productivity gains from tillage, vegetation control, and fertilization}, volume={61}, number={4}, journal={Forest Science}, author={Albaugh, T. J. and Alvarez, J. and Rubilar, R. A. and Fox, T. R. and Allen, H. L. and Stape, J. L. and Mardones, O.}, year={2015}, pages={800–808} }
 @article{alvares_mattos_sentelhas_miranda_stape_2015, title={Modeling temporal and spatial variability of leaf wetness duration in Brazil}, volume={120}, ISSN={["1434-4483"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00704-014-1182-3}, number={3-4}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY}, author={Alvares, Clayton Alcarde and Mattos, Eduardo More and Sentelhas, Paulo Cesar and Miranda, Aline Cristina and Stape, Jose Luiz}, year={2015}, month={May}, pages={455–467} }
 @article{albaugh_rubilar_fox_allen_urrego_zapata_stape_2015, title={Response of Eucalyptus grandis in Colombia to mid-rotation fertilization is dependent on site and rate but not frequency of application}, volume={350}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Albaugh, T. J. and Rubilar, R. A. and Fox, T. R. and Allen, H. L. and Urrego, J. B. and Zapata, M. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2015}, pages={30–39} }
 @article{ferez_campoe_mendes_stape_2015, title={Silvicultural opportunities for increasing carbon stock in restoration of Atlantic forests in Brazil}, volume={350}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Ferez, A. P. C. and Campoe, O. C. and Mendes, J. C. T. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2015}, pages={40–45} }
 @article{gorgens_packalen_silva_alvares_campoe_stape_rodriguez_2015, title={Stand volume models based on stable metrics as from multiple ALS acquisitions in eucalyptus plantations}, volume={72}, number={4}, journal={Annals of Forest Science}, author={Gorgens, E. B. and Packalen, P. and Silva, A. G. P. and Alvares, C. A. and Campoe, O. C. and Stape, J. L. and Rodriguez, L. C. E.}, year={2015}, pages={489–498} }
 @article{hakamada_stape_lemos_almeida_silva_2015, title={Uniformity between trees in a full rotation and its relationship with productivity in clonal eucalyptus}, volume={21}, number={3}, journal={CERNE}, author={Hakamada, R. E. and Stape, J. L. and Lemos, C. C. Z. and Almeida, A. E. A. and Silva, L. F.}, year={2015}, pages={465–472} }
 @article{hakamada_stape_lemos_almeida_silva_2015, title={Using forest inventory and uniformity among trees to monitor silvicultural quality in Eucalyptus clonal plantations}, volume={43}, number={105}, journal={Scientia Forestalis}, author={Hakamada, R. E. and Stape, J. L. and Lemos, C. C. Z. and Almeida, A. E. A. and Silva, L. F.}, year={2015}, pages={27–36} }
 @article{campoe_iannelli_stape_cook_mendes_vivian_2014, title={Atlantic forest tree species responses to silvicultural practices in a degraded pasture restoration plantation: From leaf physiology to survival and initial growth}, volume={313}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Campoe, O. C. and Iannelli, C. and Stape, J. L. and Cook, R. L. and Mendes, J. C. T. and Vivian, R.}, year={2014}, pages={233–242} }
 @article{otto_hubbard_binkley_stape_2014, title={Dominant clonal Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla trees use water more efficiently}, volume={328}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Otto, M. S. G. and Hubbard, R. M. and Binkley, D. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2014}, pages={117–121} }
 @article{albaugh_kiser_fox_allen_rubilar_stape_2014, title={Ecosystem nutrient retention after fertilization of Pinus taeda}, volume={60}, number={6}, journal={Forest Science}, author={Albaugh, T. J. and Kiser, L. C. and Fox, T. R. and Allen, H. L. and Rubilar, R. A. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2014}, pages={1131–1139} }
 @article{albaugh_albaugh_heiderman_leggett_stape_king_katherine p. o'neill_king_2014, title={Evaluating changes in switchgrass physiology, biomass, and light-use efficiency under artificial shade to estimate yields if intercropped with Pinus taeda L.}, volume={88}, ISSN={["1572-9680"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10457-014-9708-3}, number={3}, journal={AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS}, author={Albaugh, Janine M. and Albaugh, Timothy J. and Heiderman, Ryan R. and Leggett, Zakiya and Stape, Jose L. and King, Kyle and Katherine P. O'Neill and King, John S.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={489–503} }
 @article{alvares_cegatta_vieira_pavani_mattos_sentelhas_stape_soares_2014, title={Forest fire danger: Application of Monte Alegre Formula and assessment of the historic for Piracicaba, SP}, volume={42}, number={104}, journal={Scientia Forestalis}, author={Alvares, C. A. and Cegatta, I. R. and Vieira, L. A. A. and Pavani, R. F. and Mattos, E. M. and Sentelhas, P. C. and Stape, J. L. and Soares, R. V.}, year={2014}, pages={521–532} }
 @article{carlson_fox_allen_albaugh_rubilar_stape_2014, title={Growth Responses of Loblolly Pine in the Southeast United States to Midrotation Applications of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Micronutrients}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1938-3738"]}, DOI={10.5849/forsci.12-158}, abstractNote={Growth of midrotation pine plantations in the southeast United States tends to be limited by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Routine applications of urea and diammonium phosphate ameliorate N and P deficiencies; however, questions concerning what other nutrients are likely to be limiting growth are being raised. Consequently, a trial series with 23 study installations was established in loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) stands, aged between 9 and 25 years, with the aim of determining whether stands would respond to potassium (K) additions once the N and P deficiencies were corrected and whether the application of a full suite of macro- and micronutrients would further increase growth. On average, N plus P applications resulted in a mean growth improvement over unfertilized controls of 3.71 m3 ha−1 year−1 for 8 years after fertilization. Further growth improvements in response to the application of K, either with the N and P, or together with a range of macro- and micronutrients, were found to be dependent on location. Studies located on Pleistocene terraces, between 10 and 65 m in elevation, associated with ancient sea levels including the Talbot, Penholloway, Wicomico, Sunderland, and Coharie terraces of Georgia and the Carolinas, showed a smaller than average positive response to the addition of N and P (2.66 m3 ha−1 year−1), with further increases in growth when K was applied as well (additional 1.33 m3 ha−1 year−1) and a further increase when a complete suite of nutrients was added (additional 2.59 m3 ha−1 year−1). Studies located elsewhere in the South showed an average response to the addition of N and P (mean improvement of 4.28 m3 ha−1 year−1), with no improvement in growth when additional nutrients were added. These results can assist foresters in identifying stands that are potentially responsive to applications of nutrients other than N and P.}, number={1}, journal={FOREST SCIENCE}, author={Carlson, Colleen A. and Fox, Thomas R. and Allen, H. Lee and Albaugh, Timothy J. and Rubilar, Rafael A. and Stape, Jose L.}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={157–169} }
 @article{cook_stape_binkley_2014, title={Soil carbon dynamics following reforestation of tropical pastures}, volume={78}, number={1}, journal={Soil Science Society of America Journal}, author={Cook, R. L. and Stape, J. L. and Binkley, D.}, year={2014}, pages={290–296} }
 @article{cook_binkley_mendes_stape_2014, title={Soil carbon stocks and forest biomass following conversion of pasture to broadleaf and conifer plantations in southeastern Brazil}, volume={324}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84898814028&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.019}, abstractNote={Increased soil carbon sequestration can potentially mitigate CO2 emission and can indicate sustainable forest management. This study aims to determine the relative influence of commercial plantation tree species on soil carbon following establishment on former tropical pastures. Soil carbon (organic horizon plus mineral soil from 0 to 45 cm) and stemwood productivity were quantified from 6 to 34 year-old conifer and broadleaf plantations in a sandy Oxisol (Typic Hapludox) in southeastern Brazil. Study plots consisted of ten pastures paired with broadleaf plantations and ten additional broadleaf plantations paired with conifer plantations. Pastures primarily consisted of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf., while broadleaf plantations were primarily Eucalyptus, but also included one plot each of three other broadleaf species. Conifer stands were made up of Pinus species. Average stemwood productivity (± standard error) was 9.7 (±1.0) Mg C ha−1 yr−1 for broadleaf and 5.7 (±0.5) Mg C ha−1 yr−1 for conifer plantations, but did not correlate to soil C. The soil C in the paired Pasture–Broadleaf plots averaged 36.0 ± 1.7 Mg C ha−1 in pastures and 36.8 ± 1.9 Mg C ha−1 in broadleaf plantations. The Broadleaf–Conifer plots averaged 38.3 ± 1.9 Mg C ha−1 for broadleaf plantations and 36.0 ± 1.6 Mg C ha−1 for conifers. Our results show little difference in soil C across vegetation types, providing evidence that conifer and broadleaf plantations overall maintain similar levels of soil carbon to pasture land-use up to 34 years following land conversion. Soil C differences between Pasture–Broadleaf pairs indicated a small decline in soil C accretion early after plantation establishment, followed by recovery to slightly higher accretion rates.}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Cook, Rachel L. and Binkley, Dan and Mendes, Joao Carlos T. and Stape, Jose Luiz}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={37–45} }
 @article{watt_rubilar_kimberley_kriticos_emhart_mardones_acevedo_pincheira_stape_fox_2014, title={Using seasonal measurements to inform ecophysiology: extracting cardinal growth temperatures for process-based growth models of five Eucalyptus species/crosses from simple field trials}, volume={44}, journal={New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science}, author={Watt, M. S. and Rubilar, R. and Kimberley, M. O. and Kriticos, D. J. and Emhart, V. and Mardones, O. and Acevedo, M. and Pincheira, M. and Stape, J. and Fox, T.}, year={2014} }
 @article{albaugh_fox_blinn_allen_rubilar_stape_2013, title={Developing a new foliar nutrient-based method to predict response to competing vegetation control in Pinus taeda}, volume={37}, number={4}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Albaugh, T. J. and Fox, T. R. and Blinn, C. E. and Allen, H. L. and Rubilar, R. A. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2013}, pages={196–201} }
 @article{laclau_silva_lambais_bernoux_maire_stape_bouillet_gonccalves_jourdan_nouvellon_2013, title={Dynamics of soil exploration by fine roots down to a depth of 10 m throughout the entire rotation in Eucalyptus grandis plantations}, volume={4}, journal={Frontiers in Plant Science}, author={Laclau, J. P. and Silva, E. A. and Lambais, G. R. and Bernoux, M. and Maire, G. and Stape, J. L. and Bouillet, J. P. and Gonccalves, J. L. D. and Jourdan, C. and Nouvellon, Y.}, year={2013} }
 @article{alvarez_allen_albaugh_stape_bullock_song_2013, title={Factors influencing the growth of radiata pine plantations in Chile}, volume={86}, DOI={10.1093/forestry/cps072}, abstractNote={We examined environmental factors affecting growth rates of Pinus radiata in Chile. The relationships between annual volume growth and soil, climate, canopy and stand factors were analysed using data from 48 permanent sample plots in P. radiata plantations in central Chile. Water availability (as affected by precipitation, soil water holding capacity and potential evapotranspiration) appeared to be the factor most limiting to leaf area and growth. Maximum growing season temperature also negatively affected growth. Sites with the highest productivities had the lowest annual water deficits. The most productive sites used water and light more efficiently. Growth per unit of potential evapotranspiration ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 kg of wood per m 3 of water and growth per unit of radiation ranged from 0.3 to 0.5 g of wood per MJ of photosynthetically active radiation for low and high productivity sites. The inclusion of simple climatic variables such as maximum temperature and precipitation into Chilean P. radiata growth and yield models should improve their performance.}, number={1}, journal={Forestry}, author={Alvarez, J. and Allen, Howard and Albaugh, T. J. and Stape, J. L. and Bullock, B. P. and Song, C.}, year={2013}, pages={13–26} }
 @article{campoe_stape_albaugh_allen_fox_rubilar_binkley_2013, title={Fertilization and irrigation effects on tree level aboveground net primary production, light interception and light use efficiency in a loblolly pine plantation}, volume={288}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2012.05.026}, abstractNote={Fertilization and irrigation may substantially increase productivity of forests by increasing stand leaf area index and the efficiency of converting intercepted light into wood biomass. This stand-level growth response is the summation of individual tree responses, and these tree-level responses are often non-linear, resulting from shifting in the intensity of competition and dominance. We examined tree-level responses of aboveground net primary production (ANPP), absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and (light use efficiency) LUE in relation to tree size class to explore how stand-level outcomes depend on shifting patterns among trees. We evaluated the production ecology of a nine-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, 2 years after the initiation of treatments: control, irrigation, fertilization and irrigation + fertilization. We measured tree level ANPP, simulated APAR for individual tree crowns using the MAESTRA process-based model and calculated LUE (ANPP/APAR) in relation to tree size to explore the influence of tree dominance on both light capture and light use efficiency. Fertilization and irrigation + fertilization strongly increased both APAR and LUE, in contrast to little effect of irrigation alone. Tree size had a strong influence on APAR and LUE across all treatments; the largest 20% trees showed 3.4 times greater ANPP when compared to the smallest 20% trees, with 66% resulting from higher APAR, and 34% from higher LUE, than the smallest 20% of trees. Fertilization increased the growth of the largest 20% trees 2-fold (8.6 kg tree−1 year−1), with 29% of the increase resulting from higher APAR (13.7 GJ tree−1 year−1), and 71% from higher LUE (0.63 g MJ−1), relative to the largest trees in the control treatment (4.3 kg tree−1 year−1, 11 GJ tree−1 year−1 and 0.39 g MJ−1, respectively). Irrigation and fertilization tripled production (13.2 kg tree−1 year−1) of the largest trees with an even greater proportional contribution from increased LUE (15.1 GJ tree−1 year−1, 85% response contribution; APAR 0.87 g MJ−1, 15% response contribution). Overall, large trees grow faster than smaller trees because of greater light capture, whereas the greater response of large trees to treatments resulted more from increased efficiency of using light.}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Campoe, Otavio C. and Stape, Jose Luiz and Albaugh, Timothy J. and Allen, H. Lee and Fox, Thomas R. and Rubilar, Rafael and Binkley, Dan}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={43–48} }
 @article{rubilar_albaugh_allen_alvarez_fox_stape_2013, title={Foliage development and leaf area duration in Pinus radiata}, volume={304}, ISSN={["0378-1127"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.044}, abstractNote={Abstract Site-specific constraints on foliage development and leaf area duration were investigated in two-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don. plantations established under a factorial combination of soil tillage (shovel vs. subsoil + bedding + shovel), fertilization (B only vs. N, P, K, and B), and weed control (pre-plant vs. pre-plant + two-year banded) at three contrasting textural (sand, clay and ash) and climatic soil-site conditions in the Central Valley of Chile. We examined site effects and five treatments at each site to test hypotheses that soil tillage and nutrient and water limitations, would not influence foliage development or leaf area duration. Site effects were evident for foliage development and leaf area duration. Improved nutrient availability increased fascicle length at the sand and clay sites. Improved water availability increased fascicle length and leaf area duration at the sand site, and increased fascicle number at the sand and clay sites. Soil tillage reduced fascicle length at the ash site. Fascicle length may be influenced by factors including water and nutrient availability and soil and air temperature; however based on our data and indications in the literature that the largest effects on foliage length have been associated with resource availability we hypothesize that tillage may have induced nutrient and or water limitations at the ash site.}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Rubilar, Rafael A. and Albaugh, Timothy J. and Allen, H. Lee and Alvarez, Jose and Fox, Thomas R. and Stape, Jose L.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={455–463} }
 @article{rubilar_albaugh_allen_alvarez_fox_stape_2013, title={Influences of silvicultural manipulations on above- and belowground biomass accumulations and leaf area in young Pinus radiata plantations, at three contrasting sites in Chile}, volume={86}, ISSN={["1464-3626"]}, DOI={10.1093/forestry/cps055}, abstractNote={1Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Concepcion, Cooperativa de Productividad Forestal, Casilla 160-C, Correo 3, Concepcion, Chile 2Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Jordan Hall 3108, Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695-8008, USA 3Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 228 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA}, number={1}, journal={FORESTRY}, author={Rubilar, Rafael A. and Albaugh, Timothy J. and Allen, H. Lee and Alvarez, Jose and Fox, Thomas R. and Stape, Jose L.}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={27–38} }
 @article{alvares_stape_sentelhas_goncalves_sparovek_2013, title={Koppen's climate classification map for Brazil}, volume={22}, number={6}, journal={Meteorologische Zeitschrift}, author={Alvares, C. A. and Stape, J. L. and Sentelhas, P. C. and Goncalves, J. L. D. and Sparovek, G.}, year={2013}, pages={711–728} }
 @article{zhou_proisy_descombes_maire_nouvellon_stape_viennois_zerubia_couteron_2013, title={Mapping local density of young Eucalyptus plantations by individual tree detection in high spatial resolution satellite images}, volume={301}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Zhou, J. and Proisy, C. and Descombes, X. and Maire, G. and Nouvellon, Y. and Stape, J. L. and Viennois, G. and Zerubia, J. and Couteron, P.}, year={2013}, pages={129–141} }
 @article{alvares_stape_sentelhas_goncalves_2013, title={Modeling monthly mean air temperature for Brazil}, volume={113}, number={3-4}, journal={Theoretical and Applied Climatology}, author={Alvares, C. A. and Stape, J. L. and Sentelhas, P. C. and Goncalves, J. L. D.}, year={2013}, pages={407–427} }
 @article{marsden_nouvellon_laclau_corbeels_mcmurtrie_stape_epron_maire_2013, title={Modifying the G'DAY process-based model to simulate the spatial variability of Eucalyptus plantation growth on deep tropical soils}, volume={301}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Marsden, C. and Nouvellon, Y. and Laclau, J. P. and Corbeels, M. and McMurtrie, R. E. and Stape, J. L. and Epron, D. and Maire, G.}, year={2013}, pages={112–128} }
 @article{luu_binkley_stape_2013, title={Neighborhood uniformity increases growth of individual Eucalyptus trees}, volume={289}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Luu, T. C. and Binkley, D. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2013}, pages={90–97} }
 @article{laclau_goncalves_stape_2013, title={Perspectives for the management of eucalypt plantations under biotic and abiotic stresses}, volume={301}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Laclau, J. P. and Goncalves, J. L. D. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2013}, pages={1–5} }
 @article{otto_vergani_goncalves_vrechi_silva_stape_2013, title={Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and productivity of eucalyptus clones under different soil and climatic conditions}, volume={37}, number={3}, journal={Revista Arvore}, author={Otto, M. S. G. and Vergani, A. R. and Goncalves, A. N. and Vrechi, A. and Silva, S. R. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2013}, pages={431–439} }
 @article{silva_miranda_moraes_furtado_stape_alvares_sentelhas_mori_sebbenn_2013, title={Selecting for rust (Puccinia psidii) resistance in Eucalyptus grandis in Sao Paulo State, Brazil}, volume={303}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Silva, P. H. M. and Miranda, A. C. and Moraes, M. L. T. and Furtado, E. L. and Stape, J. L. and Alvares, C. A. and Sentelhas, P. C. and Mori, E. S. and Sebbenn, A. M.}, year={2013}, pages={91–97} }
 @article{campoe_stape_nouvellon_laclau_bauerle_binkley_le maire_2013, title={Stem production, light absorption and light use efficiency between dominant and non-dominant trees of Eucalyptus grandis across a productivity gradient in Brazil}, volume={288}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Campoe, O. C. and Stape, J. L. and Nouvellon, Y. and Laclau, J. P. and Bauerle, W. L. and Binkley, D. and Le Maire, G.}, year={2013}, pages={14–20} }
 @article{blinn_albaugh_fox_wynne_stape_rubilar_allen_2012, title={A Method for Estimating Deciduous Competition in Pine Stands Using Landsat}, volume={36}, ISSN={["0148-4419"]}, DOI={10.5849/sjaf.10-034}, abstractNote={A method for identifying pine plantations that may require vegetation control using remotely sensed imagery is presented.Landsat satellite images are used to estimate the leaf area index (LAI) of competing deciduous vegetation by subtracting winter LAI from spring LAI.This differencing works because pine leaf area increases relatively little in comparison with deciduous vegetation between winter and early spring.Competing vegetation LAI levels were compared before and after midrotation release treatments to measure the success of the release treatments.The LAI differencing method estimates the relative abundance of competing vegetation in pine stands and was successful at measuring a reduction in competition levels after release treatments.Midrotation stands prior to release treatments were found to have levels of competing vegetation leaf area equivalent to stands that had never received vegetation control treatments and lower levels of competing vegetation after release treatments.}, number={2}, journal={SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY}, author={Blinn, Christine E. and Albaugh, Timothy J. and Fox, Thomas R. and Wynne, Randolph H. and Stape, Jose L. and Rubilar, Rafael A. and Allen, H. Lee}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={71–78} }
 @article{maire_marsden_nouvellon_stape_ponzoni_2012, title={Calibration of a species-specific spectral vegetation index for leaf area index (LAI) monitoring: Example with MODIS reflectance time-series on eucalyptus plantations}, volume={4}, number={12}, journal={Journal of Remote Sensing}, author={Maire, G. and Marsden, C. and Nouvellon, Y. and Stape, J. L. and Ponzoni, F. J.}, year={2012}, pages={3766–3780} }
 @article{albaugh_bergh_lundmark_nilsson_stape_allen_linder_2012, title={Do biological expansion factors adequately estimate stand-scale aboveground component biomass for Norway spruce? (vol 258, pg 2628, 2009)}, volume={270}, ISSN={["0378-1127"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.031}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Albaugh, Timothy J. and Bergh, Johan and Lundmark, Tomas and Nilsson, Urban and Stape, Jose Luiz and Allen, H. Lee and Linder, Sune}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={314–314} }
 @article{albaugh_allen_stape_fox_rubilar_price_2012, title={Intra-annual nutrient flux in Pinus taeda}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1758-4469"]}, DOI={10.1093/treephys/tps082}, abstractNote={Intra-annual nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium) flux was quantified for Pinus taeda L. at a nutrient-poor, well-drained sandy site in Scotland County, NC, USA where a 2 × 2 factorial of irrigation and nutrition was applied in four replications in a 10-year-old stand with 1200 stems ha(-1). Treatments were applied with the goal of providing optimum nutrition (no nutritional deficiencies) and water availability. Component (foliage, branch, stem and root) nutrient content was estimated monthly for 2 years using nutrient concentration and phenology assessments combined with destructive harvests. Positive flux values indicated nutrient accumulation in the trees while negative values indicated nutrient loss from the trees. Fertilization significantly increased nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium flux 140%, on average, over non-fertilized. Irrigation significantly increased calcium flux 28% while there was no significant irrigation effect on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or magnesium. Maximum nutrient fluxes (kg ha(-1) day(-1)) for non-fertilized and fertilized stands were 0.36 and 1.05 for nitrogen, 0.042 and 0.095 for phosphorus, 0.13 and 0.51 for potassium, 0.27 and 0.42 for calcium, and 0.04 and 0.12 for magnesium, respectively. Maximum flux was coincident with ephemeral tissue (foliage and fine root) development and likely would be higher in stands with more foliage than those observed in this study (projected leaf area indices were 1.5 and 3.0 for the non-fertilized and fertilized stands). Minimum nutrient fluxes (kg ha(-1) day(-1)) for non-fertilized and fertilized stands were -0.18 and -0.42 for nitrogen, -0.029 and -0.070 for phosphorus, -0.05 and -0.18 for potassium, -0.04 and -0.05 for calcium, and -0.02 and -0.03 for magnesium, respectively. Minimum fluxes were typically observed in the dormant season and were linked to foliage senescence and branch death. Foliage and branch component nutrient contents were out of phase for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, indicating nutrient retranslocation and storage in branches prior to foliage development and after foliage senescence. In contrast to current operational fertilizer programs which often target winter application these data suggest the best application times would be during foliage development.}, number={10}, journal={TREE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Albaugh, Timothy J. and Allen, H. Lee and Stape, Jose L. and Fox, Thomas R. and Rubilar, Rafael A. and Price, James W.}, year={2012}, month={Oct}, pages={1237–1258} }
 @article{albaugh_stape_fox_rubilar_allen_2012, title={Midrotation Vegetation Control and Fertilization Response in Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii across the Southeastern United States}, volume={36}, ISSN={["0148-4419"]}, DOI={10.5849/sjaf.10-042}, abstractNote={We examined fertilization (224 and 56 kg ha−1 of elemental nitrogen and phosphorus, applied as urea and diammonium phosphate, respectively) and vegetation control (one-time site-specific application) in a 2 × 2 factorial design with three or four replicates at each site on 13 sites (10 in Pinus taeda and 3 in Pinus elliottii). Nitrogen and phosphorus limited pine growth on seven sites where we found significant volume growth responses to fertilization in at least one measurement period. Five sites had significant volume growth responses to vegetation control in at least one measurement period. Biologic response treatment order was fertilizer plus vegetation control > fertilizer > vegetation control. The combined treatment effects were additive, indicating that resources other than nitrogen and phosphorus were being ameliorated by the vegetation control. Vegetation control response was not related to estimates of competing vegetation basal area, and its duration was likely limited by regrowth of competing vegetation on some sites. Competing vegetation leaf area was proposed as a good metric by which to estimate the extent of interference of noncrop vegetation. We recommend that future work examining vegetation control focus on a process approach to better understand the influences of competing vegetation on crop tree growth.}, number={1}, journal={SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY}, author={Albaugh, Timothy J. and Stape, Jose L. and Fox, Thomas R. and Rubilar, Rafael A. and Allen, H. Lee}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={44–53} }
 @article{campoe_stape_laclau_marsden_nouvellon_2012, title={Stand-level patterns of carbon fluxes and partitioning in a Eucalyptus grandis plantation across a gradient of productivity, in Sao Paulo State, Brazil}, volume={32}, number={6}, journal={Tree Physiology}, author={Campoe, O. C. and Stape, J. L. and Laclau, J. P. and Marsden, C. and Nouvellon, Y.}, year={2012}, pages={696–706} }
 @article{silva_bouillet_goncalves_abreu_trivelin_hinsinger_jourdan_nouvellon_stape_laclau_2011, title={Functional specialization of Eucalyptus fine roots: contrasting potential uptake rates for nitrogen, potassium and calcium tracers at varying soil depths}, volume={25}, number={5}, journal={Functional Ecology}, author={Silva, E. V. and Bouillet, J. P. and Goncalves, J. L. D. and Abreu, C. H. and Trivelin, P. C. O. and Hinsinger, P. and Jourdan, C. and Nouvellon, Y. and Stape, J. L. and Laclau, J. P.}, year={2011}, pages={996–1006} }
 @article{maire_marsden_verhoef_ponzoni_lo seen_begue_stape_nouvellon_2011, title={Leaf area index estimation with MODIS reflectance time series and model inversion during full rotations of Eucalyptus plantations}, volume={115}, number={2}, journal={Remote Sensing of Environment}, author={Maire, G. and Marsden, C. and Verhoef, W. and Ponzoni, F. J. and Lo Seen, D. and Begue, A. and Stape, J. L. and Nouvellon, Y.}, year={2011}, pages={586–599} }
 @article{maire_marsden_nouvellon_grinand_hakamada_stape_laclau_2011, title={MODIS NDVI time-series allow the monitoring of Eucalyptus plantation biomass}, volume={115}, number={10}, journal={Remote Sensing of Environment}, author={Maire, G. and Marsden, C. and Nouvellon, Y. and Grinand, C. and Hakamada, R. and Stape, J. L. and Laclau, J. P.}, year={2011}, pages={2613–2625} }
 @article{lima_silva_stape_mendonca_novais_barros_neves_paul_schulthais_polglase_et al._2011, title={Modeling changes in organic carbon stocks for distinct soils in southeastern Brazil after four eucalyptus rotations using the century model}, volume={35}, number={3}, journal={Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo}, author={Lima, A. M. N. and Silva, I. R. and Stape, J. L. and Mendonca, E. S. and Novais, R. F. and Barros, N. F. and Neves, J. C. L. and Paul, K. and Schulthais, F. and Polglase, P. and et al.}, year={2011}, pages={833–847} }
 @article{binkley_laclau_stape_ryan_2010, title={Applying ecological insights to increase productivity in tropical plantations}, volume={259}, number={9}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Binkley, D. and Laclau, J. P. and Stape, J. L. and Ryan, M. G.}, year={2010}, pages={1681–1683} }
 @article{campoe_stape_mendes_2010, title={Can intensive management accelerate the restoration of Brazil's Atlantic forests?}, volume={259}, number={9}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Campoe, O. C. and Stape, J. L. and Mendes, J. C. T.}, year={2010}, pages={1808–1814} }
 @article{albaugh_blevins_allen_albaugh_fox_stape_rubilar_2010, title={Characterization of foliar macro- and micronutrient concentrations and ratios in loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States}, volume={34}, number={2}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Albaugh, J. M. and Blevins, L. and Allen, H. L. and Albaugh, T. J. and Fox, T. R. and Stape, J. L. and Rubilar, R. A.}, year={2010}, pages={53–64} }
 @article{bui_binkley_stape_2010, title={Does reverse growth dominance develop in old plantations of Eucalyptus saligna?}, volume={259}, number={9}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Bui, T. D. and Binkley, D. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2010}, pages={1815–1818} }
 @article{hubbard_stape_ryan_almeida_rojas_2010, title={Effects of irrigation on water use and water use efficiency in two fast growing Eucalyptus plantations}, volume={259}, number={9}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Hubbard, R. M. and Stape, J. and Ryan, M. G. and Almeida, A. C. and Rojas, J.}, year={2010}, pages={1714–1721} }
 @article{binkley_stape_bauerle_ryan_2010, title={Explaining growth of individual trees: Light interception and efficiency of light use by Eucalyptus at four sites in Brazil}, volume={259}, number={9}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Binkley, D. and Stape, J. L. and Bauerle, W. L. and Ryan, M. G.}, year={2010}, pages={1704–1713} }
 @article{ryan_stape_binkley_fonseca_loos_takahashi_silva_silva_hakamada_ferreira_et al._2010, title={Factors controlling Eucalyptus productivity: How water availability and stand structure alter production and carbon allocation}, volume={259}, number={9}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Ryan, M. G. and Stape, J. L. and Binkley, D. and Fonseca, S. and Loos, R. A. and Takahashi, E. N. and Silva, C. R. and Silva, S. R. and Hakamada, R. E. and Ferreira, J. M. and et al.}, year={2010}, pages={1695–1703} }
 @article{stape_binkley_2010, title={Insights from full-rotation Nelder spacing trials with Eucalyptus in Sao Paulo, Brazil}, volume={72}, number={2}, journal={Southern Forests}, author={Stape, J. L. and Binkley, D.}, year={2010}, pages={91–98} }
 @article{albaugh_allen_stape_fox_rubilar_carlson_pezzutti_2010, title={Leaf area duration in natural range and exotic Pinus taeda}, volume={40}, ISSN={["0045-5067"]}, DOI={10.1139/x09-190}, abstractNote={ Exotic Pinus taeda L. plantations may be more productive than native ones. Several hypotheses may explain this difference; however, process models with a light-interception-driving variable cannot test these hypotheses without foliage display first being quantified in native and exotic trees. We quantified leaf area duration in North Carolina, USA (natural), and Gobernador Virasoro, Argentina (exotic), with no additional nutrients and optimum fertilizer treatments. More (60%–100%) foliage was displayed but for a shorter (∼86 fewer days) time per fascicle in the exotics than in the naturals. Study inference was limited, with only one native and one exotic site. However, while the sites were markedly different in soils, climate, resource availability, and genetics, and we observed significant differences in fascicle display and longevity, most fascicles at both sites survived two growing seasons: the one in which they were produced and the subsequent one. This robust finding indicates it would be reasonable to use two growing seasons for fascicle longevity in process modeling to test hypotheses explaining growth differences in native and exotic loblolly. Fertilization had no effect on any exotic tree parameter, but it increased natural tree fascicle number (24%) and length (30%). }, number={2}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE}, author={Albaugh, Timothy J. and Allen, H. Lee and Stape, Jose Luiz and Fox, Thomas R. and Rubilar, Rafael A. and Carlson, Colleen A. and Pezzutti, Raul}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={224–234} }
 @article{marsden_maire_stape_lo seen_roupsard_cabral_epron_lima_nouvellon_2010, title={Relating MODIS vegetation index time-series with structure, light absorption and stem production of fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations}, volume={259}, number={9}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Marsden, C. and Maire, G. and Stape, J. L. and Lo Seen, D. and Roupsard, O. and Cabral, O. and Epron, D. and Lima, A. M. N. and Nouvellon, Y.}, year={2010}, pages={1741–1753} }
 @article{rubilar_allen_alvarez_albaugh_fox_stape_2010, title={Silvicultural manipulation and site effect on above and belowground biomass equations for young Pinus radiata}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1873-2909"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.07.015}, abstractNote={There is little understanding of how silvicultural treatments, during the early stages of tree development, affect allometric relationships. We developed and compared stem, branch, foliage, coarse and fine root biomass, and leaf area estimation equations, for four-year-old genetically improved radiata pine trees grown on three contrasting soil-site conditions. At each site, selected trees were destructively sampled from a control (shovel planted, no weed control, fertilized with 2 g of boron), a shovel planted + weed control (2 first years) + complete fertilization (nitrogen + phosphorus + boron 2 first years + potassium 2nd year), and a soil tillage (subsoil at 60 cm) + weed control (first 2 years) + complete fertilization treatment. Tissues were separated into foliage, branch, stem, fine and coarse roots (>2 mm). Regression equations for each tree biomass tissue versus leaf area were fit for each site and compared among treatments and sites with the same genetic material. Our results indicated that individual tree biomasses for young plantations are affected by silvicultural treatment and site growing conditions. Higher variability in estimates was found for foliage and branches due to the ephemeral nature of these components. Stem biomass equations vary less, but differences in biomass equations were found among sites and treatments. Coarse root biomass estimates were variable but less than expected, considering the gradient among sites. Similar to stem biomass, a simple positive general linear relationship between root collar diameter, or diameter at breast height with coarse roots biomass was developed across sites and treatments.}, number={12}, journal={BIOMASS & BIOENERGY}, author={Rubilar, Rafael A. and Allen, H. Lee and Alvarez, Jose S. and Albaugh, Timothy J. and Fox, Thomas R. and Stape, Jose L.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={1825–1837} }
 @article{stape_binkley_ryan_fonseca_loos_takahashi_silva_silva_hakamada_ferreira_et al._2010, title={The Brazil Eucalyptus Potential Productivity Project: Influence of water, nutrients and stand uniformity on wood production}, volume={259}, number={9}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Stape, J. L. and Binkley, D. and Ryan, M. G. and Fonseca, S. and Loos, R. A. and Takahashi, E. N. and Silva, C. R. and Silva, S. R. and Hakamada, R. E. and Ferreira, J. M. D. and et al.}, year={2010}, pages={1684–1694} }
 @article{albaugh_bergh_lundmark_nilsson_stape_allen_linder_2009, title={Do biological expansion factors adequately estimate stand-scale aboveground component biomass for Norway spruce?}, volume={258}, ISSN={["0378-1127"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.021}, abstractNote={We developed site specific component (stem, branch, and foliage) biomass functions for two sites in Sweden (64° and 57° North latitude) where four treatments (control, irrigated, fertilized, irrigated plus fertilized) were applied in the existing Norway spruce stands (Picea abies L. Karst.) for 17 years. We tested for site effects in the component biomass equations and compared site specific biomass estimates to those generated using published functions (Lehtonen et al., 2004, Wirth et al., 2004). Site effects were significant for all components and indicated it would be unlikely to generate equations that well estimate biomass across the Norway spruce range as implicitly indicated in our efforts to generate species biomass expansion factors. We rejected our hypothesis that the published functions would well estimate component biomass for control plots. The published functions did not compare well with site specific component biomass estimates for the other treatments; both published functions well estimated stem mass up to stem mass of 25 Mg ha−1, beyond which stem mass was overestimated, and both functions over and under estimated foliage and branch mass. Nor did the published functions compare well with each other, with stem, foliage and branch mass estimate differences of 12, 55, −8% and 11, 77, and 59% for the southern and northern sites, respectively, when averaged over all treatments and years. Adding limiting resources through fertilization increased stem, foliage and branch mass 57, 11, 18% and 120, 37, and 69% at the southern and northern sites, respectively, which would increase carbon sequestration and available stemwood and bioenergy materials. We recommend that more effort is spent in process-based modeling to better predict mass at a given site and ultimately provide better estimates of carbon sequestration and bioenergy material production changes.}, number={12}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Albaugh, Timothy J. and Bergh, Johan and Lundmark, Tomas and Nilsson, Urban and Stape, Jose Luiz and Allen, H. Lee and Linder, Sune}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={2628–2637} }
 @article{doi_binkley_stape_2009, title={Does reverse growth dominance develop in old plantations of Eucalyptus saligna?}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Doi, B. and Binkley, D. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2009} }
 @article{binkley_stape_bauerle_ryan_2009, title={Explaining growth of individual trees: Light interception and efficiency of light use by Eucalyptus at four sites in Brazil}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, author={Binkley, D. and Stape, J. L. and Bauerle, W. L. and Ryan, M. G.}, year={2009} }
 @article{silva_poggiani_stape_brito_moreira_2009, title={Production of essential oil and nutrient budget in Corymbia citriodora fertilized with sewage sludge in different spacing}, volume={15}, number={3}, journal={CERNE}, author={Silva, P. H. M. and Poggiani, F. and Stape, J. L. and Brito, J. O. and Moreira, R. M.}, year={2009}, pages={346–354} }
 @article{aguiar ferreira_stape_2009, title={Productivity gains by fertilisation in Eucalyptus urophylla clonal plantations across gradients in site and stand conditions}, volume={71}, ISSN={["2070-2639"]}, DOI={10.2989/SF.2009.71.4.1.1028}, abstractNote={Nutrition management in Eucalyptus plantations is fundamental for sustaining high production. Fertilisation is routinely used to improve tree nutrition, providing profitable returns on large investments. Growth responses to fertilisation differ dramatically among sites, however, so efficient investment decisions in fertilisation is important. The twin-plots design characterises the fertilisation response in a short period of time, providing the information needed to landscape-scale silvicultural prescriptions. This method entails the establishment of pairs of plots, with one control and one treated plot at each location. The control plot may typically be a permanent plot of an inventory network, providing representative information for a company's decisionmaking. The paired twin-plot receives intensive management (high fertilisation and weed control) to minimise (or remove) these constraints to forest productivity. We used this approach with 131 blocks of twin-plots to represent an area of 34 540 ha in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Clonal plantations of Eucalyptus urophylla were remeasured one and two years after treatment. Fertilisation increased wood growth by 15% for two years (4.0 t ha-1 y-1, or 8.1 m3 ha-1 y-1), with the current annual biomass increment reaching 31.6 t ha-1 y-1 (64.2 m3 ha-1 y-1) versus 27.6 t ha-1 y-1 (56.1 m3 ha-1 y-1) of the control plots. Twin-plots located on sandier and less fertile soils showed twice the fertilisation response of other plots, increasing wood growth by 8.5 t ha-1 y-1 (16.9 m3 ha-1 y-1). The two predominant clones responded similarly to fertilisation. Older stands showed higher responses than younger stands (1.7 t ha-1 y-1 for each additional year), and the greater response in older stands probably represented increase in fertilisation rates over time, rather than a feature of the age of the stands per se. Fertilisation response correlated negatively with site index (base age 7), soil clay content, and soil base nutrient levels (Ca, Mg and K). Models for the prediction of fertilisation response can be used to develop regional- and site-specific fertiliser prescriptions to maximise financial gain from fertilisation.}, number={4}, journal={SOUTHERN FORESTS-A JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE}, author={Aguiar Ferreira, J. M. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={253–258} }
 @article{martins_seixas_stape_2009, title={Technical and economical evaluation of a harvester, working under different spacing and planting arrangement conditions in eucalypts plantations}, volume={83}, journal={Scientia Forestalis}, author={Martins, R. J. and Seixas, F. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2009}, pages={253–263} }
 @article{ryan_cavaleri_almeida_penchel_senock_stape_2009, title={Wood CO2 efflux and foliar respiration for Eucalyptus in Hawaii and Brazil}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1758-4469"]}, DOI={10.1093/treephys/tpp059}, abstractNote={We measured CO(2) efflux from wood for Eucalyptus in Hawaii for 7 years and compared these measurements with those on three- and four-and-a-half-year-old Eucalyptus in Brazil. In Hawaii, CO(2) efflux from wood per unit biomass declined approximately 10x from age two to age five, twice as much as the decline in tree growth. The CO(2) efflux from wood in Brazil was 8-10x lower than that for comparable Hawaii trees with similar growth rates. Growth and maintenance respiration coefficients calculated from Hawaii wood CO(2) efflux declined with tree age and size (the growth coefficient declined from 0.4 mol C efflux mol C(-1) wood growth at age one to 0.1 mol C efflux mol C(-1) wood growth at age six; the maintenance coefficient from 0.006 to 0.001 micromol C (mol C biomass)(-1) s(-1) at 20 degrees C over the same time period). These results suggest interference with CO(2) efflux through bark that decouples CO(2) efflux from respiration. We also compared the biomass fractions and wood CO(2) efflux for the aboveground woody parts for 3- and 7-year-old trees in Hawaii to estimate how focusing measurements near the ground might bias the stand-level estimates of wood CO(2) efflux. Three-year-old Eucalyptus in Hawaii had a higher proportion of branches < 0.5 cm in diameter and a lower proportion of stem biomass than did 7-year-old trees. Biomass-specific CO(2) efflux measured at 1.4 m extrapolated to the tree could bias tree level estimates by approximately 50%, assuming no refixation from bark photosynthesis. However, the bias did not differ for the two tree sizes. Foliar respiration was identical per unit nitrogen for comparable treatments in Brazil and Hawaii (4.2 micromol C mol N(-1) s(-1) at 20 degrees C).}, number={10}, journal={TREE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Ryan, Michael G. and Cavaleri, Molly A. and Almeida, Auro C. and Penchel, Ricardo and Senock, Randy S. and Stape, Jose Luiz}, year={2009}, pages={1213–1222} }
 @article{goncalves_stape_laclau_bouillet_ranger_2008, title={Assessing the effects of early silvicultural management on long-term site productivity of fast-growing eucalypt plantations: the Brazilian experience}, volume={70}, ISSN={["2070-2639"]}, DOI={10.2989/SOUTH.FOR.2008.70.2.6.534}, abstractNote={Eucalyptus is the dominant and most productive planted forest in Brazil, covering around 3.4 million ha for the production of charcoal, pulp, sawtimber, timber plates, wood foils, plywood and for building purposes. At the early establishment of the forest plantations, during the second half of the 1960s, the eucalypt yield was 10 m3 ha−1 y−1. Now, as a result of investments in research and technology, the average productivity is 38 m3 ha−1 y−1. The productivity restrictions are related to the following environmental factors, in order of importance: water deficits > nutrient deficiency > soil depth and strength. The clonal forests have been fundamental in sites with larger water and nutrient restrictions, where they out-perform those established from traditional seed-based planting stock. When the environmental limitations are small the productivities of plantations based on clones or seeds appear to be similar. In the long term there are risks to sustainability, because of the low fertility and low reserves of primary minerals in the soils, which are, commonly, loamy and clayey oxisols and ultisols. Usually, a decline of soil quality is caused by management that does not conserve soil and site resources, damages soil physical and chemical characteristics, and insufficient or unbalanced fertiliser management. The problem is more serious when fast-growing genotypes are planted, which have a high nutrient demand and uptake capacity, and therefore high nutrient output through harvesting. The need to mobilise less soil by providing more cover and protection, reduce the nutrient and organic matter losses, preserve crucial physical properties as permeability (root growth, infiltration and aeration), improve weed control and reduce costs has led to a progressive increase in the use of minimum cultivation practices during the last 20 years, which has been accepted as a good alternative to keep or increase site quality in the long term. In this paper we provide a synthesis and critical appraisal of the research results and practical implications of early silvicultural management on long-term site productivity of fast-growing eucalypt plantations arising from the Brazilian context.}, number={2}, journal={SOUTHERN FORESTS-A JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE}, author={Goncalves, J. L. M. and Stape, J. L. and Laclau, J-P and Bouillet, J-P and Ranger, J.}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={105–118} }
 @article{boyden_binkley_stape_2008, title={Competition among Eucalyptus trees depends on genetic variation and resource supply}, volume={89}, number={10}, journal={Ecology (Brooklyn, New York, N.Y.)}, author={Boyden, S. and Binkley, D. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2008}, pages={2850–2859} }
 @article{silva_poggiani_goncalves_stape_moreira_2008, title={Growth of Eucalyptus grandis treated with different doses of wet and dry sewage sludge, conditioned with polymers}, volume={36}, number={77}, journal={Scientia Forestalis}, author={Silva, P. H. M. and Poggiani, F. and Goncalves, J. L. M. and Stape, J. L. and Moreira, R. M.}, year={2008}, pages={79–88} }
 @article{stape_binkley_ryan_2008, title={Production and carbon allocation in a clonal Eucalyptus plantation with water and nutrient manipulations}, volume={255}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.085}, abstractNote={We examined resource limitations on growth and carbon allocation in a fast-growing, clonal plantation of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla in Brazil by characterizing responses to annual rainfall, and response to irrigation and fertililization for 2 years. Productivity measures included gross primary production (GPP), total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA), bole growth, and net ecosystem production (NEP). Replicate plots within a single plantation were established at the midpoint of the rotation (end of year 3), with treatments of no additional fertilization or irrigation, heavy fertilization (to remove any nutrient limitation), irrigation (to remove any water limitation), and irrigation plus fertilization. Rainfall was unusually high in the first year (1769 mm) of the experiment, and control plots had high rates of GPP (6.64 kg C m−2 year−1), TBCA (2.14 kg C m−2 year−1), and bole growth (1.81 kg C m−2 year−1). Irrigation increased each of these rates by 15–17%. The second year of the experiment had average rainfall (1210 mm), and lower rainfall decreased production in control plots by 46% (GPP), 52% (TBCA), and 40% (bole growth). Fertilization treatments had neglible effects. The response to irrigation was much greater in the drier year, with irrigated plots exceeding the production in control plots by 83% (GPP), 239% (TBCA), and 24% (bole growth). Even though the rate of irrigation ensured no water limitation to tree growth, the high rainfall year showed higher production in irrigated plots for both GPP (38% greater than in drier year) and bole growth (23% greater). Varying humidity and supplies of water led to a range in NEP of 0.8–2.7 kg C m−2 year−1. This difference between control and irrigated treatments, combined with differences between drier and wetter years, indicated a strong response of these Eucalyptus trees to both water supply and atmospheric humidity during the dry season. The efficiency of converting light energy into fixed carbon ranged from a low of 0.027 mol C to a high of 0.060 mol C per mol of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR), and the efficiency of bolewood production ranged from 0.78 to 1.98 g wood per MJ of APAR. Irrigation increased the efficiency of wood production per unit of water used from 2.55 kg wood m−3 in the rainfed plot to 3.51 kg m−3 in irrigated plots. Detailed information on the response of C budgets to environmental conditions and resource supplies will be necessary for accurate predictions of plantation yields across years and landscapes.}, number={3-4}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Stape, Jose Luiz and Binkley, Dart and Ryan, Michael G.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={920–930} }
 @article{ryan_binkley_stape_2008, title={Why don't our stands grow even faster? Control of production and carbon cycling in eucalypt plantations}, volume={70}, ISSN={["2070-2639"]}, DOI={10.2989/SOUTH.FOR.2008.70.2.5.533}, abstractNote={The growth of Eucalyptus stands varies several fold across sites, under the influence of resource availability, stand age and stand structure. We describe a series of related studies that aim to understand the mechanisms that drive this great range in stand growth rates. In a seven-year study in Hawaii of Eucalyptus saligna at a site that was not water limited, we showed that nutrient availability differences led to a two-fold difference in stand wood production. Increasing nutrient supply in mid-rotation raised productivity to the level attained in continuously fertilised plots. Fertility affected the age-related decline in wood and foliage production; production in the intensive fertility treatments declined more slowly than in the minimal fertility treatments. The decline in stem production was driven largely by a decline in canopy photosynthesis. Over time, the fraction of canopy photosynthesis partitioned to below-ground allocation increased, as did foliar respiration, further reducing wood production. The reason for the decline in photosynthesis was uncertain, but it was not caused by nutrient limitation, a decline in leaf area or in photosynthetic capacity, or by hydraulic limitation. Most of the increase in carbon stored from conversion of the sugarcane plantation to Eucalyptus plantation was in the above-ground woody biomass. Soil carbon showed no net change. This study and other studies on carbon allocation showed that resource availability changes the fraction of annual photosynthesis used below-ground and for wood production. High resources (nutrition or water) decrease the partitioning below-ground and increase partitioning to wood production. Annual foliage and wood respiration and foliage production as a fraction of annual photosynthesis was remarkably constant across a wide range of fertility treatments and forest age. In the Brazil Eucalyptus Productivity Project, stand structure was manipulated by planting clonal Eucalyptus all at once or in three groups at three-monthly intervals, producing a stand where trees did not segregate into dominants and one that had strong dominance. The uneven stand structure reduced production 10–15% throughout the rotation.}, number={2}, journal={SOUTHERN FORESTS-A JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE}, author={Ryan, M. G. and Binkley, D. and Stape, J. L.}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={99–104} }