@article{burns_godshalk_timothy_2010, title={Registration of 'Colony' Lowland Switchgrass}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1936-5209"]}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2009.12.0722crc}, abstractNote={‘Colony’ (Reg. No. CV‐256, PI 658520) is a lowland cytotype of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) developed and released by the USDA‐ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. Colony was developed from three cycles of selection with random cross‐pollination occurring in cycle 0, index selection for forage dry matter yield and in vitro dry matter disappearance and crude protein concentrations in open‐pollinated isolation in cycles 1 and 2. Replicated yield trials were conducted for 5 yr in Piedmont and 4 yr in Coastal Plain soils of North Carolina. Associated nutritive value estimates were obtained for the last 3 yr from the Coastal Plain site. The quality of Colony hay was evaluated in replicated animal trials. Colony was released because of its greater dry matter concentration of cellulose and greater cellulose yield per hectare with potential for biomass purposes.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS}, author={Burns, J. C. and Godshalk, E. B. and Timothy, D. H.}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={189–194} }
 @book{belesky_burns_chamblee_daniel_ruiter_fisher_green_mochrie_mueller_pond_et al._1998, title={Carostan flaccidgrass: Establishment, adaption, production management, forage quality, and utilization}, publisher={Raleigh, NC: N.C. Agricultural Research Service, N.C. State University}, author={Belesky, D. P. and Burns, J.C. and Chamblee, Douglas S. and Daniel, Dorsey W. and Ruiter, J.M. and Fisher, D.S. and Green, J. T. and Mochrie, R. D. and Mueller, J. P. and Pond, K. R. and et al.}, year={1998} }
 @article{burns_chamblee_belesky_fisher_timothy_1998, title={Nitrogen and defoliation management: Effects on yield and nutritive value of flaccidgrass}, volume={90}, DOI={10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000010016x}, abstractNote={Abstract‘Carostan’ flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb.), a C4 perennial grass, has shown high quality potential in animal trials. Its yield response to defoliation frequency and N fertilization, however, has not been reported. We examined the influence of stubble height and of a range of N applications in two defoliation experiments over 4 yr. Experiment 1 (Raleigh, NC) combined two harvest heights, 76 and 38 cm, with two stubble heights, 25 and 15 cm (76–25, 76–15, 38–25, 38–15); all treatments received 380 kg N ha−1 yr−1. After Year 1, the 76–15 defoliation produced higher yields than 76–25 (Year 2: 11 330 vs. 7930 kg ha−1, P < 0.001; Year 3:8950 vs. 6270 g kg−1, P < 0.001), while in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) was similar (Year 3) (mean = 582 g kg−1). Compared with 38–15, the 38–8 defoliation resulted in lower yields (Year 2: 8638 vs. 9344 kg ha−1, P = 0.001; Year 3, 6173 vs. 8090 kg ha−1, P = 0.07) but higher IVDMD (Year 3, 651 vs. 635 g kg−1, P < 0.01). Experiment 2 (Raleigh, NC, and Watkinsville, GA) had four defoliations: clipping to 5 cm at 20 and 51 cm (vegetative) and to 8 cm at boot and anthesis stages (20–5, 51–5, Boot—8, Anthesis—8). All defoliation treatments were topdressed with 291 kg N ha−1, and 51–5 and Boot—8 were also evaluated with 179 and 403 kg N ha−1 (eight N—defoliation treatments in all). At both locations, highest yields were obtained with Anthesis—8, averaging 19 010 kg ha−1 at Raleigh and 12 390 kg ha−1 at Watkinsville. The 20–5 defoliation resulted in lowest yields at both locations, averaging 7648 kg ha−1 at Raleigh and 5100 kg ha−1 at Watkinsville. Defoliation frequency altered IVDMD (range = 550 to 789 g kg−1), but N application did not; however, increasing N application increased N concentrations linearly (P = 0.05). Flaccidgrass had high yield potential and high nutritive value at the Raleigh location, and warrants further evaluation in the upper South.}, number={1}, journal={Agronomy Journal}, author={Burns, J. C. and Chamblee, D. S. and Belesky, D. P. and Fisher, D. S. and Timothy, D. H.}, year={1998}, pages={85–92} }
 @article{dewey_levings_timothy_1986, title={Novel recombinations in the maize mitochondrial genome produce a unique transcriptional unit in the texas male-sterile cytoplasm}, volume={44}, DOI={10.1016/0092-8674(86)90465-4}, abstractNote={We have characterized a 3547 bp DNA fragment from male-sterile (cms-T) maize mitochondria, designated TURF 2H3, selected because of its unique and abundant transcripts. Sequence analysis indicated that TURF 2H3 originated by recombinations among portions of the flanking and/or coding regions of the maize mitochondrial 26S ribosomal gene, the ATPase subunit 6 gene, and the chloroplast tRNA-Arg gene. TURF 2H3 contains two long open reading frames that could encode polypeptides of 12,961 Mr and 24,675 Mr. The larger open reading frame hybridizes to transcripts in all maize cytoplasms, the smaller to transcripts only in T cytoplasm. TURF 2H3 transcripts appear to be uniquely altered in cms-T plants restored to fertility by the nuclear restorer genes Rf1 and Rf2. A possible relationship between TURF 2H3, nuclear restorer genes, and the male sterility trait in T cytoplasm is suggested.}, number={3}, journal={Cell}, author={Dewey, R. E. and Levings, C. S. and Timothy, D. H.}, year={1986}, pages={439–449} }
 @article{pring_levings_hu_timothy_1977, title={UNIQUE DNA ASSOCIATED WITH MITOCHONDRIA IN S-TYPE CYTOPLASM OF MALE-STERILZE MAIZE}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0027-8424"]}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.74.7.2904}, abstractNote={
            Mitochondrial DNAs were prepared from maize lines with normal cytoplasm and with the T, C, S, and EP sources of male-sterile cytoplasms. Agarose gel electrophoresis of these preparations revealed a main high-molecular-weight DNA band. In addition, the S cytoplasm was characterized by the presence of two faster migrating DNAs of molecular weight 3.42 to 3.48 × 10
            6
            and 4.01 to 4.10 × 10
            6
            . Electron microscopy showed these unique DNAs to be of different length, but their molecular configuration was not clearly established. It is possible that these unique DNAs represent physical evidence of an episomal system previously postulated to function in the S male-sterile cytoplasm.
          }, number={7}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA}, author={PRING, DR and LEVINGS, CS and HU, WWL and TIMOTHY, DH}, year={1977}, pages={2904–2908} }