@article{han_lin_schowalter_arya_2000, title={Large eddy simulation of aircraft wake vortices within homogeneous turbulence: Crow instability}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0001-1452"]}, DOI={10.2514/2.956}, abstractNote={Ambient atmospheric turbulence effects on aircraft wake vortices are studied using a validated large eddy simulationmodel. Our results conŽ rm that the most ampliŽ ed wavelength of the Crow instability and the lifetime of wake vortices are signiŽ cantly in uenced by ambient turbulence (Crow, S. C., “Stability Theory for a Pair of TrailingVortices,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 8, No. 12, 1970,pp. 2172–2179). The Crow instabilitybecomeswell developed in most atmospheric turbulence levels, but in strong turbulence the vortex pair deforms more irregularly due to turbulence advection. The most ampliŽ ed wavelength of the instability decreases with increasing dimensionless turbulence intensity , although it increases with increasing turbulence integral length scale. The vortex lifespan is controlled primarily by and decreases with increasing , whereas the effect of integral scale of turbulence on vortex lifespan is of minor importance. The lifespan is estimated to be about 40% larger than Crow and Bate’s predicted value (Crow, S. C., and Bate, E. R., “Lifespan of Trailing Vortices on a Turbulent Atmosphere,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 13, No. 7, 1976, pp. 476–482) but in agreement with Sarpkaya’s recent modiŽ cation (Sarpkaya, T., “Decay of Wake Vortices of Large Aircraft,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 9, 1998, pp. 1671–1679) to Crow and Bate’s theory. This larger lifespan is also supported by data from water tank experiments and direct numerical simulations. There appears to be a possibility that the scatter in vortex lifespans due to ambient turbulence alone decreases with increasing Reynoldsnumber, whereas larger scatter of lifespans in  ight tests may result from other factors such as stratiŽ cation, wind shear, and inhomogeneous ambient turbulence.}, number={2}, journal={AIAA JOURNAL}, author={Han, JG and Lin, YL and Schowalter, DG and Arya, SP}, year={2000}, month={Feb}, pages={292–300} }
 @article{decroix_lin_schowalter_1997, title={Cellular convection embedded in the convective planetary boundary layer surface layer}, volume={67-68}, number={1997 Apr./June}, journal={Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics}, author={DeCroix, D. S. and Lin, Y. L. and Schowalter, D. G.}, year={1997}, pages={387–401} }