@article{kawalilak_pease_nelson_2019, title={Evaluation of ultrasonographically determined ratios of kidney length to aorta diameter for assessment of kidney size in healthy young dogs}, volume={80}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.80.8.764}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To determine whether previously described cutoffs for ultrasonographically determined kidney length-to-aorta diameter ratio (KL:Ao) for evaluation of kidney size in adult dogs are applicable to healthy dogs 1 to 18 months of age and to assess interobserver and intraobserver variability for ultrasonographic kidney and aorta measurements in these dogs grouped according to age.


ANIMALS
82 dogs.


PROCEDURES
41 university-owned dogs and 41 client- or staff-owned dogs of 3 age groups (approx 1, 6, and 12 to 18 months of age) underwent ultrasonographic examination by 3 observers. Kidney length, kidney width, and diameter of the aorta were measured by each observer 3 times, and KL:Ao and kidney length-to-body weight ratio were calculated for each dog. Measurements and calculated ratios for the 3 age groups were compared by statistical methods; interobserver and intraobserver variability were calculated.


RESULTS
Mean kidney length, kidney width, and aorta diameter were smaller, and calculated KL:Ao and kidney length-to-body weight ratio were larger, for dogs of the 1-month age group than for dogs of the 6-month and 12 to 18-month age groups. There were significant interobserver differences for ultrasonographic measurements in all age groups; these were most frequent in the youngest group of dogs and affected KL:Ao for that group only.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results revealed that 1-month-old dogs have larger kidneys relative to body weight and aorta diameter than do older dogs. Interobserver variability for the youngest group of dogs indicated limited usefulness of these measurements and related ratios for neonatal dogs in clinical practice. The KL:Ao values for dogs ≥ 6 months of age in this study were similar to values previously described for dogs > 12 months of age.}, number={8}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Kawalilak, Lukas T. and Pease, Anthony P. and Nelson, Nathan C.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={764–770} }
 @article{gilbert_langenbach_marcellin-little_pease_ru_2019, title={Stifle joint osteoarthritis at the time of diagnosis of cranial cruciate ligament injury is higher in Boxers and in dogs weighing more than 35 kilograms}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12718}, abstractNote={Osteoarthritis is a ubiquitous disease in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to characterize the severity and distribution of osteoarthritis (OA) within the joint and to identify differences among dog breeds in the severity of OA in the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL)-deficient stifle joint. Radiographs of 240 stifles from 51 Boxers, 66 German Shepherds, 100 Labrador Retrievers, and 23 Siberian Huskies with confirmed CCL rupture were included. Radiographs of the stifle joint were evaluated and OA severity was graded at 33 sites within and around the joint, and patella alta was graded as present or absent for a potential total stifle OA score of 100. Osteophyte size was correlated to OA severity score. Total OA scores were calculated and compared within and between breeds globally as well as at each joint site. Dogs weighing >35 kg had a higher total OA score than those weighing <35 kg. Osteoarthritis scores were highest at the apical patella, proximolateral tibia, and sesamoid bones, corresponding to the proximal, lateral, and caudal aspects of the joint, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found among the mean OA scores of various stifle joint regions. Boxer dogs had a higher total OA score than other breeds. We concluded that dogs have a consistent distribution pattern of OA within the stifle joint after CCL injury. Radiographic OA is more severe in the proximal, lateral, and caudal aspects of the joint. Boxers had more severe OA than the other breeds evaluated in the study.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Gilbert, Samuel and Langenbach, Anke and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Pease, Anthony P. and Ru, Hongyu}, year={2019}, pages={280–288} }
 @article{freire_brown_robertson_pease_hash_hunter_simpson_sumrell_lascelles_2010, title={Meniscal Mineralization in Domestic Cats}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00648.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00648.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To (1) determine prevalence of radiographically detectable meniscal mineralization in domestic cats and (2) to evaluate the association between meniscal mineralization and degenerative joint disease (DJD).


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective study.


ANIMALS
Client-owned cats (n=100) and 30 feline cadavers.


METHODS
Randomly selected client-owned cats were used to determine the prevalence of meniscal mineralization. Stifles from feline cadavers were used to evaluate the relationship between meniscal mineralization (using high-resolution X-ray), radiographic DJD, and cartilage damage. Menisci were evaluated histologically.


RESULTS
Forty-six percent of the client-owned cats had meniscal mineralization detected in 1 or both stifles. Pain scores were not significantly different between stifles with meniscal mineralization and those with no radiographic pathology (P=.38). Thirty-four of 57 cadaver stifles had meniscal mineralization, which was always located in the cranial horn of the medial meniscus. Percentage mineralization of the menisci was significantly correlated with the cartilage damage score of the medial femoral (r(2)=0.6; P<.0001) and tibial (r(2)=0.5; P<.0001) condyles as well as with the total joint cartilage damage (r(2)=0.36; P<.0001) score and DJD score (r(2)=0.8; P<.0001).


CONCLUSION
Meniscal mineralization is a common condition in domestic cats and seems to indicate medial compartment DJD.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Clinical significance of meniscal mineralization is uncertain. Further work is needed to determine if the meniscal mineralization is a cause, or a consequence of joint degeneration.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Freire, Mila and Brown, James and Robertson, Ian D. and Pease, Anthony P. and Hash, Jonathan and Hunter, Stuart and Simpson, Wendy and Sumrell, Andrea Thomson and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={545–552} }
 @article{pease_blanvillain_rostal_owens_segars_2010, title={Ultrasound imaging of the inguinal region of adult male loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)}, volume={41}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Pease, A. and Blanvillain, G. and Rostal, D. and Owens, D. and Segars, A.}, year={2010}, pages={69–76} }
 @article{cerda-gonzalez_olby_mccullough_pease_broadstone_osborne_2009, title={MORPHOLOGY OF THE CAUDAL FOSSA IN CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIELS}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.01487.x}, abstractNote={Chiari malformations and syringohydromyelia are an important disease complex in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Although abnormalities in caudal fossa morphology are considered major contributors to the development of this disease, limited information exists on the range of morphologies in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and on the relationship of these to clinically evident disease. Sixty‐four Cavalier King Charles Spaniels were studied. Each underwent a neurologic examination and magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine and brain. T2‐weighted sagittal images were used to determine both the morphologic characteristics and volume of the caudal fossa in each dog. This volume was also analyzed as a percentage of total cranial cavity volume. Each attribute was correlated with neurological grade and presence of syringohydromyelia. Fifteen dogs had neurologic signs, and 59 had morphologic abnormalities of the craniocervical junction. While 27 dogs had syringohydromyelia, 13 of these were clinically normal. Cerebellar herniation and occipital dysplasia were common findings but were not associated with syringohydromyelia. Dorsal compressive lesions were noted at the first and second cervical vertebral junction. Factors associated with the presence of neurologic signs included syringohydromyelia and the ratio of caudal fossa/total cranial cavity volume; dogs with signs had significantly larger syringohydromyelia than asymptomatic dogs. Caudal fossa size was not associated with syringohydromyelia. A positive association was identified between foramen magnum size and length of cerebellar herniation. The prevalence of craniocervical junction abnormalities is high in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. While several factors are associated with neurologic signs, occipital hypoplasia appears to be the most important factor.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Cerda-Gonzalez, Sofia and Olby, Natasha J. and McCullough, Susan and Pease, Anthony P. and Broadstone, Richard and Osborne, Jason A.}, year={2009}, pages={37–46} }
 @article{santoro_pease_linder_olivry_2009, title={Post-traumatic peripheral arteriovenous fistula manifesting as digital haemorrhages in a cat: diagnosis with contrast-enhanced 3D CT imaging}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1365-3164"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-65649086814&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00754.x}, abstractNote={Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are defined as congenital or acquired abnormal direct communications between an artery and a vein leading to abnormal blood circulation. This report describes an unusual manifestation of acquired peripheral AVF in a cat for which the diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomographic (CT) imaging and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. A 10-year-old female spayed domestic shorthaired cat was presented with a 2-month history of nonhealing, crusting, erosive and ulcerative skin lesions on the dorsal right forepaw. Severe chewing and biting, but not lameness, had been reported. Systemic abnormalities were not noted. Histopathology revealed increased numbers of thin-walled and slightly grouped vascular profiles in the superficial and mid-dermis, which were often markedly dilated and partially obscured by prominent hyaline deposits. There were a few pyknotic nuclear fragments and haemorrhages in vascular walls as well as multifocal luminal thrombosis with or without recanalization. Differential diagnoses included progressive angiomatosis with trauma or AVF with secondary regional venous hypertension. Computed tomographic images were acquired using a 16-slice Siemens Somotom Sensation CT scanner, and 3D images were created using the Voxar 3D software. Image reconstruction revealed tortuous aberrant vasculature on the medial aspect of the radius and around the carpus compared to normal vascularization on the contralateral limb. These changes were suggestive of the diagnosis of acquired peripheral AVF. The differential diagnosis for localized, nonhealing, haemorrhagic, crusted, erosive or ulcerative distal extremity skin lesions in cats should include acquired AVF, and diagnosis may be confirmed with contrast-enhanced CT imaging.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Santoro, Domenico and Pease, Anthony and Linder, Keith E. and Olivry, Thierry}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={206–213} }
 @article{hardie_linder_pease_2008, title={Aural Cholesteatoma in Twenty Dogs}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00455.x}, abstractNote={Objective—To determine the clinical course in dogs with aural cholesteatoma.}, number={8}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Hardie, Elizabeth M. and Linder, Keith E. and Pease, Anthony P.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={763–770} }