@article{poulsen_gerard_spaulding_geissler_anderson_2006, title={Bilateral renal agenesis in an alpaca cria}, volume={47}, number={2}, journal={Canadian Veterinary Journal}, author={Poulsen, K. P. and Gerard, M. P. and Spaulding, K. A. and Geissler, K. A. and Anderson, K. L.}, year={2006}, pages={159–161} }
 @article{kircher_spaulding_vaden_lang_doherr_gaschen_2004, title={Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of gastrointestinal hemodynamics in food hypersensitivities: A canine model}, volume={18}, ISSN={["0891-6640"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2004)18<605:DUEOGH>2.0.CO;2}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Kircher, PR and Spaulding, KA and Vaden, S and Lang, J and Doherr, M and Gaschen, L}, year={2004}, pages={605–611} }
 @article{davis_spaulding_2004, title={Imaging diagnosis: Biliopleural fistula in a dog}, volume={45}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740.8261.2004.04011.x}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, author={Davis, K. M. and Spaulding, K. A.}, year={2004}, pages={70–72} }
 @article{ober_spaulding_breitschwerdt_malarkey_hegarty_2004, title={ORCHITIS IN TWO DOGS WITH ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER}, volume={45}, ISSN={1058-8183 1740-8261}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04079.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04079.x}, abstractNote={Two dogs with testicular swelling were sonographically diagnosed with orchitis and were subsequently diagnosed with Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Use of both gray scale and color Doppler sonography allowed for differentiation of orchitis from neoplasia and torsion. While only experimentally induced RMSF is reported to cause orchitis in dogs, it should be considered in any dog with vascular insult to the testes, especially when other signs of systemic illness are involved.}, number={5}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ober, Christopher P. and Spaulding, Kathy and Breitschwerdt, Edward B. and Malarkey, David E. and Hegarty, Barbara C.}, year={2004}, month={Sep}, pages={458–465} }
 @article{noureddine_harder_olby_spaulding_brown_2004, title={Ultrasonographic appearance of Dandy Walker-like Syndrome in a Boston terrier}, volume={45}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8260.2004.04064.x}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, author={Noureddine, C. and Harder, R. and Olby, Natasha and Spaulding, K. and Brown, T.}, year={2004}, pages={336–339} }
 @article{de voe_spaulding_rotstein_rotstein_2004, title={Urinary bladder incarceration and infarction by an intra-abdominal fat pad in a Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04059.x}, abstractNote={A 2.5-year-old, female opossum had acute stranguria. Based on radiography and ultrasonographic examination a cystic structure was identified in the caudal abdomen associated with bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis. This structure contained a neutrophilic fluid, determined to be urine. There was a neutrophilic leukocytosis. Serum chemistry values were within normal limits. The opossum was euthanized. An intra-abdominal fat pad incarceration of the urinary bladder above the trigone was present, resulting in complete obstruction of the urinary bladder and partial obstruction of the ureters. Vessels to the bladder were involved in the incarceration which resulted in vascular compromise and infarction of the bladder. Mild to moderate hydroureter and hydronephrosis were present.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={De Voe, RS and Spaulding, KA and Rotstein, J and Rotstein, DS}, year={2004}, pages={312–314} }
 @article{pintar_breitschwerdt_hardie_spaulding_2003, title={Acute nontraumatic hemoabdomen in the dog: A retrospective analysis of 39 cases (1987-2001)}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0587-2871"]}, DOI={10.5326/0390518}, abstractNote={The medical records of 39 dogs with acute nontraumatic hemoabdomen were identified and reviewed. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia were identified in 36/37 (97%) and 25/33 (76%) dogs, respectively. Coagulopathies were identified in 26/31 (84%) dogs. When a definitive diagnosis was obtained, malignant neoplasia was diagnosed most frequently and occurred in 24/30 (80%) dogs. Hemangiosarcoma accounted for 21/30 (70%) diagnoses. Sixteen dogs underwent exploratory laparotomy, of which seven (44%) survived the perioperative period. Of the dogs that did not undergo surgery, 9/23 (39%) survived to be discharged from the hospital.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Pintar, J and Breitschwerdt, EB and Hardie, EM and Spaulding, KA}, year={2003}, pages={518–522} }
 @article{savary-bataille_bunch_spaulding_jackson_mac law_stebbins_2003, title={Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis in healthy cats}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2003)017<0298:PUCIHC>2.3.CO;2}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Savary-Bataille, KCM and Bunch, SE and Spaulding, KA and Jackson, MW and Mac Law, J and Stebbins, ME}, year={2003}, pages={298–303} }
 @article{douglass_berry_thrall_malarkey_spaulding_2003, title={Radiographic features of aortic bulb/valve mineralization in 20 dogs}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2003.tb01443.x}, abstractNote={The radiographic features of aortic bulb/valve mineralization in 20 dogs were reviewed. Extent, shape, number, and location of mineralization were recorded. Five of the dogs had additional alternate imaging examinations, including bone scintigraphy, echocardiography, and thoracic computed tomography. A necropsy was done on one dog, and the area of mineralization was evaluated using routine histology. The median age was 10 (mean 9.7; SD +/- 2.7) years. There were five males, seven neutered males, one female, and seven neutered females. The breeds were: Irish setter (6); rottweiler (7); chow-chow (1); miniature dachshund (1); borzoi (1); English setter (1); English springer spaniel (1); great Dane (1); and greyhound (1). Dogs with both right and left lateral radiographs (n = 17) had mineralization visible on both views, more conspicuously on the right lateral radiograph (n = 12). Aortic bulb mineralization was identified on the ventrodorsal radiograph of only one dog. On lateral radiographs, the aortic bulb mineralization was localized within the 4th intercostal space and in the craniodorsal quadrant of the cardiac silhouette. In nine of the dogs, there were complex or multiple mineralizations and in 11 dogs, there was a single curvilinear mineral opacity oriented in a caudoventral to craniodorsal direction. In all radiographs, the mineralization was in the expected position of the aortic bulb, and echocardiography (n = 4), spiral computed tomography (n = 2), and necropsy (n = 1) confirmed that the mineralization was within the aortic bulb. Clinical pathologic data of the dogs suggested no reason for metastatic mineralization. Exact etiopathogenesis of the lesions were not determined in this study. Based on the histologic findings in one dog, the mineralization seen in the aortic root is similar to a form of dystrophic mineralization called Monckeberg's calcific arteriosclerosis in humans. No clinical signs attributable to the mineralization were observed.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Douglass, JP and Berry, CR and Thrall, DE and Malarkey, DE and Spaulding, KA}, year={2003}, pages={20–27} }
 @article{saito_olby_spaulding_munana_sharp_2003, title={Relationship among basilar artery resistance index, degree of ventriculomegaly, and clinical signs in hydrocephalic dogs}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1342290248&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2003.tb00532.x}, abstractNote={Forty-four transcranial Doppler ultrasound studies were performed in 36 dogs. The ratio of the height of the ventricle to the height of the brain (VB ratio) was calculated to determine the severity of ventriculomegaly. Resistance index (RI) was calculated from Doppler measurements of the blood flow velocity in the basilar artery and neurologic signs were scored on a scale of 0 to 3. Based on clinical and ultrasonographic findings, dogs were divided into four groups (normal controls, asymptomatic hydrocephalus, symptomatic hydrocephalus, and other intracranial disease). RI and VB ratio were compared between the groups of dogs and compared with neurologic signs in hydrocephalic dogs. RI ranged from 0.50 to 0.81 (mean, 0.68). Resistance index was significantly higher in dogs with symptomatic hydrocephalus and other intracranial disease when compared with the other two groups. The degree of ventriculomegaly was significantly higher in dogs with symptomatic hydrocephalus than the other groups, but there was substantial overlap between asymptomatic and symptomatic hydrocephalus groups. Combining measurements of VB ratio and RI allowed detection of symptomatic hydrocephalus with a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 94%. The severity of neurological signs was significantly correlated with RI and with VB ratio in hydrocephalic dogs, and in dogs evaluated on more than one occasion, changes in neurologic status were accompanied by changes in RI but not in VB ratio. All asymptomatic hydrocephalic dogs with a VB ratio of greater than 60% eventually developed neurologic signs. Our results suggest that ultrasonographic measurement of VB ratio and basilar artery RI may allow identification of dogs with symptomatic hydrocephalus or dogs that are at risk of developing symptomatic hydrocephalus. Repeated RI measurements are a useful means of monitoring dogs with a variety of intracranial diseases.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Saito, M and Olby, NT and Spaulding, K and Munana, K and Sharp, NJH}, year={2003}, pages={687–694} }
 @article{berry_degrado_nutter_garg_breitschwerdt_spaulding_concannon_zalutsky_edward coleman_2002, title={Imaging of Pheochromocytoma in 2 dogs using p-[18F] Fluorobenzylguanidine}, volume={43}, ISSN={1058-8183 1740-8261}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01667.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01667.x}, abstractNote={p-[18F]Fluorobenzylguanidine ([18F]PFBG) is a norepinephrine analog that has been developed as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging radiopharmaceutical. Myocardial sympathetic innervation, neuroendocrine structures, and tumors can be noninvasively imaged with [18F]PFBG. In this study, the uptake characteristics of [18F]PFBG were investigated in 2 dogs with a spontaneous pheochromocytoma. The extent of the pheochromocytoma was well documented in both dogs on the PET study. The standardized uptake values within the pheochromocytomas were greater than 25 by 10 min, and were 37 and 50 by 45 min in each dog. A third dog that was suspected to have an adrenal mass was also studied. In this dog, the [18F]PFBG study was normal. Surgical exploration and adrenal biopsy confirmed the [15F]PFBG imaging findings in both dogs. In each dog, there was rapid blood-pool clearance (within 10 min after intravenous administration of the [18F]PFBG), with high uptake specific within the myocardium and adrenal medulla. The results indicate that [18F]PFBG may be useful for imaging canine pheochromocytomas and aid in differentiating adrenal masses.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Berry, Clifford R. and Degrado, Timothy R. and Nutter, Felicia and Garg, Pradeep K. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B. and Spaulding, Kathy and Concannon, Kevin D. and Zalutsky, Michael R. and Edward Coleman, R.}, year={2002}, month={Mar}, pages={183–186} }
 @article{davis_gilger_spaulding_robertson_jones_2002, title={Nasal adenocarcinoma with diffuse metastases involving the orbit, cerebrum, and multiple cranial nerves in a horse}, volume={221}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, url={http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/12458617}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2002.221.1460}, abstractNote={A 9-year-old Trakehner gelding was examined because of right exophthalmus. Clinical findings included a lack of menace response in the right eye, reduced direct and consensual right pupillary light reflexes, ventrolateral strabismus of the right eye, mild right-sided facial asymmetry, a head tilt to the left, and increased extensor tone in the right limbs. Findings were suggestive of a multifocal lesion affecting the right forebrain; right optic, oculomotor, and facial nerves; and left vestibulocochlear nerve. Ultrasonographic examination of the right eye revealed a vascular retrobulbar mass. Computed tomographic imaging revealed a mass that filled the nasal cavity and invaded the forebrain. Necropsy revealed an undifferentiated nasal adenocarcinoma affecting the orbit with metastases to the right parotid gland, cranial cervical lymph nodes, fascial planes of the neck, and lungs. No evidence of direct involvement of the right facial and left vestibulocochlear nerves was found, suggesting the possibility of paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Davis, JL and Gilger, BC and Spaulding, K and Robertson, ID and Jones, SL}, year={2002}, month={Nov}, pages={1460–1463} }
 @article{saito_olby_spaulding_2001, title={Identification of arachnoid cysts in the quadrigeminal cistern using ultrasonography}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00966.x}, abstractNote={The ultrasonographic findings in three small breed dogs with intracranial arachnoid cysts are described. Ultrasound images were obtained via the foramen magnum, temporal window and persistent bregmatic fontanelle (when possible). In transverse, dorsal and sagittal transcranial ultrasound images there was marked dilation of the lateral ventricles and a well-defined, oval to triangular-shaped anechoic area between the caudal aspect of the occipital lobes, dorsal to the midbrain, and rostral to the cerebellum. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of concurrent hydrocephalus and an arachnoid cyst within the quadrigeminal cistern.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Saito, M and Olby, NJ and Spaulding, K}, year={2001}, pages={435–439} }
 @article{sellon_spaulding_breuhaus_katz_mealey_2000, title={Hepatic abscesses in three horses}, volume={216}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2000.216.882}, abstractNote={Hepatic abscesses were diagnosed in 3 adult horses. Two were < 4 years old and had evidence of concurrent immune-mediated conditions, including aseptic arthritis, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, and immune-mediated anemia. Predisposing factors for hepatic abscess formation in these horses included prior abdominal surgery, proximal duodenitis/jejunitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and a penetrating foreign body in the large colon. Serum hepatic enzyme activities were within or slightly greater then reference limits in all 3 horses. The most pronounced and consistent abnormalities on CBC and serum biochemical analyses were hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, and a decreased albumin-to-globulin concentration ratio. Hepatic ultrasonography identified hepatic abscesses in all 3 horses. A variety of bacteria were isolated from these abscesses, including Staphylococus aureus and Bacteroides fragilis. One horse developed septic tibiotarsal arthritis, presumably as a result of intermittent bacteremia. Despite aggressive medical treatment, all horses were euthanatized because of a worsening condition and poor prognosis.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Sellon, DC and Spaulding, K and Breuhaus, BA and Katz, L and Mealey, R}, year={2000}, month={Mar}, pages={882-+} }
 @article{little_redding_spaulding_dupree_jones_2000, title={Unusual presentation of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a Paint colt}, volume={2}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3292.2000.tb00064.x}, abstractNote={Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 12, Issue 6 p. 297-302 Unusual presentation of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a Paint colt D. Little, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorW. R. Redding, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorK. A. Spaulding, Anatomy, Physiology and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorS. H. Dupree, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorS. L. Jones, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this author D. Little, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorW. R. Redding, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorK. A. Spaulding, Anatomy, Physiology and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorS. H. Dupree, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorS. L. Jones, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.2000.tb00064.xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume12, Issue6December 2000Pages 297-302 RelatedInformation}, number={6}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, author={Little, D. and Redding, W.R. and Spaulding, K.A. and Dupree, S.H. and Jones, Sam}, year={2000}, pages={388–394} }
 @article{de odorico_spaulding_pretorius_lev-toaff_bailey_nelson_1999, title={Normal splenic volumes estimated using three-dimensional ultrasonography}, volume={18}, ISSN={["0278-4297"]}, DOI={10.7863/jum.1999.18.3.231}, abstractNote={The purposes of this study were to determine splenic volumes using three-dimensional ultrasonography and to compare these measurements with two-dimensional splenic indices. Fifty-two healthy volunteers were studied. Two-dimensional volume measurements were based on length, width, and thickness, and the splenic index was calculated using the standard prolated ellipsoid formula (length x width x thickness x 0.523). Three-dimensional volume planar measurements were obtained with a slice by slice technique by manually drawing a region of interest around the spleen from one end of the sweep to the opposite end. These measurements were recorded three times by two observers. In addition, in vitro determination of splenic volume was performed using three cadaveric human spleens in a water bath. No statistically significant interobserver or intraobserver variability was present for either two-dimensional or three dimensional ultrasonography. Three-dimensional sonographic estimations of planar splenic volumes and ellipsoid splenic volumes were consistently smaller than two-dimensional sonographic estimations of splenic volumes. Three-dimensional sonographic splenic volumes calculated in vitro using the planar method were accurate to within 2% of in vitro water displacement volumes. Three-dimensional ultrasonography is potentially superior to two-dimensional sonography for evaluation of irregularly shaped objects, such as the spleen, and can provide improved accuracy over that of traditional two-dimensional techniques.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE}, author={De Odorico, I and Spaulding, KA and Pretorius, DH and Lev-Toaff, AS and Bailey, TB and Nelson, TR}, year={1999}, month={Mar}, pages={231–236} }
 @inbook{spaulding_loomis_1999, title={Principles and applications of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in zoo and wildlife medicine}, booktitle={Zoo & wild animal medicine: Current therapy (4th ed.)}, publisher={Philadelphia, Pa.: W.B. Saunders}, author={Spaulding, K. and Loomis, M. R.}, editor={M. E. Fowler and Miller, R. E.Editors}, year={1999}, pages={83–88} }
 @article{matteucci_spaulding_dassler_lee_1999, title={Ultrasound diagnosis: Intra-abdominal wood foreign body}, volume={40}, number={5}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, author={Matteucci, M. L. and Spaulding, K. and Dassler, C. and Lee, D.}, year={1999}, pages={513–516} }
 @article{kyles_stone_gookin_spaulding_clary_wylie_spodnick_1998, title={Diagnosis and surgical management of obstructive ureteral calculi in cats: 11 cases (1993-1996)}, volume={213}, number={8}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Kyles, A. E. and Stone, E. A. and Gookin, J. and Spaulding, K. and Clary, E. M. and Wylie, K. and Spodnick, G.}, year={1998}, pages={1150–1156} }
 @article{degernes_trasti_healy_spaulding_flammer_romagnano_1998, title={Multicystic biliary adenocarcinoma in a blue-and-gold macaw (Ara ararauna)}, volume={12}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery}, author={Degernes, L. A. and Trasti, S. and Healy, L. N. and Spaulding, K. A. and Flammer, K. and Romagnano, A.}, year={1998}, pages={100–107} }
 @article{spaulding_kissner_kim_pretorius_rose_garroosi_nelson_1998, title={Three dimensional gray scale ultrasonographic imaging of the celiac axis: Preliminary report}, volume={17}, ISSN={["0278-4297"]}, DOI={10.7863/jum.1998.17.4.239}, abstractNote={The vessels of the celiac axis were evaluated in 16 healthy volunteers with three-dimensional gray scale ultrasonography. Sonographic volume data sets were obtained from both sagittal and transverse planes. The visualization of specific branches of the celiac artery (hepatic, splenic, left gastric, gastroduodenal, left hepatic, right hepatic, right gastric) was evaluated, and each vessel was placed in one of four categories on the basis of the appearance of the specific vessel and image clarity (not seen, poorly seen, adequately seen, well seen). Each vessel was evaluated on an initial two-dimensional scan and on a second scan using the entire volume to optimize and follow the designated vessel using rotating, referencing, and scrolling display capabilities. The ability to manipulate an entire volume improved visualization of the selected vessels as noted by an improved score. The proportion of vessels in the "not seen" and "poorly seen" categories decreased from the initial scan (62.5%) to the scan utilizing the entire volume (36%). Alternatively, the percentage of vessels in the "adequately seen" to "well seen" categories improved from 37.50% on the initial examination to 64% on the scans using the entire volume to depict vascular anatomy. The optimal plane to image each vessel depended on the course of a specific vessel. For optimal imaging of all the selected vessels, both sagittal and transverse volume acquisitions and both sagittal and transverse planes were needed. Three-dimensional imaging provided a new imaging plane (coronal) that was useful in following and identifying vessels, especially those vessels coursing in a right to left direction. Vascular variants were identified by this technique in two of 16 subjects. Vascular imaging was improved with three-dimensional ultrasonography, and this imaging method may provide additional assistance in decision making when evaluating abdominal vessels.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE}, author={Spaulding, KA and Kissner, ME and Kim, EK and Pretorius, DH and Rose, SC and Garroosi, K and Nelson, TR}, year={1998}, month={Apr}, pages={239–248} }
 @misc{spaulding_1997, title={Review of sonographic identification of abdominal blood vessels and juxtavascular organs}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1997.tb01597.x}, abstractNote={Abdominal vasculature can be evaluated non-invasively using 2-D ultrasound imaging and Doppler ultrasonography. The identification of abdominal vessels using ultrasound is based on knowledge of their normal location, appearance and relationship to specific organs. Because anatomic location of major abdominal vessels is fairly consistent, finding and following vessels is a useful aid when attempting to locate and evaluate juxta-vascular organs. Sonographic vascular evaluation may be beneficial in providing information regarding central cardiovascular abnormalities, detection of abnormalities involving the vessel interrogated, or detection of abnormalities of the parenchymal bed that the vessel supplies. Knowledge of the location and appearance of the vessels is necessary for this information to be of diagnostic value. In this paper, abdominal vessels in the dog are reviewed and a sonographic map of major abdominal vessels is described. This includes the sonographic appearance of the aorta, caudal vena cava, and protal vein, their major branches and their anatomic relationship with adjacent organs. Identification of the medial iliac lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, abdominal esophagus, duodenum, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands and liver lobes are assisted by recognizing specific vascular landmarks. The locations and appearances of pertinent organs as pertains to abdominal vasculature (caudal vena cava and aorta) are described.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Spaulding, KA}, year={1997}, pages={4–23} }
 @article{harms_bakal_khoo_spaulding_lewbart_1995, title={Microsurgical excision of an abdominal mass in a gourami (Colisa labiosa)}, volume={207}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Harms, C. A. and Bakal, R. S. and Khoo, L. H. and Spaulding, K. A. and Lewbart, G. A.}, year={1995}, pages={1215–1217} }
 @article{spaulding_1993, title={ULTRASOUND CORNER - SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF PERITONEAL EFFUSION IN SMALL ANIMALS}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1993.tb02031.x}, abstractNote={Summary

Abdominal effusion is a common sonographic finding. The sonographic appearance of the fluid is affected by its cellular content. Transudates and modified transudates have a low cellular content, and usually are anechoic or mildly echogenic while exudates containing a high cellular content and fibrin strands are usually echogenci. Using history, laboratory values, sonographic appearance of the effusion, an estimate of the type of effusion and probable cause can be determined.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={SPAULDING, KA}, year={1993}, pages={427–431} }
 @article{bristol_hudson_spaulding_1991, title={USE OF BARIUM GELATIN MIXTURE TO STUDY EQUINE VASCULATURE WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN FREE-FLAP TRANSFER}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0196-3627"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1991.tb00107.x}, abstractNote={The purposes of this study were: 1) to evaluate a barium (30%) and gelatin (4%) solution as an intravascular radiographic contrast medium when perfused into intact equine cadavers, 2) to determine the most appropriate skin site to harvest a flap with direct cutaneous vasculature, and 3) to identify potential recipent vessels for free-flap transfer.

Heparinized, aspirin-treated horses were euthanatized, exsanguinated, and perfused with the contrast media. After 24 hours refrigeration, the cadvers were dissected and radiographed. The contrast medium remained solid for the duration of studies (approximately 4 hours), and provided excellent visualization of the arterial vasculature and smaller venous vessls, but did not adequately fill large veins. Due to its location and consistent vascular supply, the skin perfused by branches of the cudal superficial epigastric artery and vein is an appropriate skin-flap donor site. Multiple potential recipent vessels were identified.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY}, author={BRISTOL, DG and HUDSON, LC and SPAULDING, KA}, year={1991}, pages={196–205} }
 @article{spaulding_cohn_miller_hardie_1990, title={ENTERIC DUPLICATION IN 2 DOGS}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0196-3627"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1990.tb00788.x}, abstractNote={Enteric duplication, a developmental malformation of the alimentary tract resulting in juxtaintestinal cyst-like formations, was diagnosed in 2 dogs. The sonographic, gross, and histopathologic characteristics of the malformation reported in people include: a fusion between the wall of the duplication cyst and the adjoining segment of the alimentary tract, a hypoechoic tunica muscularis layer in the outer free wall of the cyst, a shared muscular wall between the cyst and the adjoining normal bowel, and a similar or heterotopic epithelial lining of the lumen of the cyst. Both dogs in this series had characteristic sonographic, gross and histopathologic patterns described for enteric duplication in people. Three adjoining cysts that communicated and shared a common wall with the ileum were present in the first dog. Ectopic gastric mucosa was present in the single cyst that shared a common wall with the jejunum in the second dog. Other abdominal cystic masses may mimic the gross appearance of the duplication cyst and can potentially result in a misdiagnosis of the underlying etiology. Sonographic findings are characteristic for duplication cysts and are the preferred primary diagnostic modality, however, histopathology is warranted to confirm the diagnosis.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY}, author={SPAULDING, KA and COHN, LA and MILLER, RT and HARDIE, EM}, year={1990}, pages={83–88} }
 @article{spaulding_sharp_1990, title={ULTRASONOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF THE LATERAL CEREBRAL-VENTRICLES IN THE DOG}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0196-3627"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1990.tb00783.x}, abstractNote={Ultrasonography was effectively used to evaluate lateral cerebral ventricles in 28 dogs with persistent fontanelles. There was a significant incidence of ventriculomegaly in miniature and brachycephalic breeds. No relationship was found between the size and the fontanelle and the presence or size of ventriculomegaly. A significant relationship was found between the presence of a fontanelle and the presence of ventriculomegaly. There was no statistically significant relationship found between the presence of clinical signs and ventricular size.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY}, author={SPAULDING, KA and SHARP, NJH}, year={1990}, pages={59–64} }