@article{taylor_rand_jenkins_2007, title={Swimming behavior of juvenile anchovies (Anchoa spp.) in an episodically hypoxic estuary: implications for individual energetics and trophic dynamics}, volume={152}, number={4}, journal={Marine Biology (Berlin, Germany)}, author={Taylor, J. C. and Rand, P. S. and Jenkins, J.}, year={2007}, pages={939–957} }
 @article{robinson_rand_2005, title={Discontinuity in fish assemblages across an elevation gradient in a southern Appalachian watershed, USA}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0906-6691"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1600-0633.2005.00063.x}, abstractNote={Abstract –  We examine patterns in fish species assemblages in the Toxaway and Horsepasture rivers, two high elevation streams in North Carolina, USA. This region is noted for extreme topographical relief, high cumulative annual rainfall and many rare and endemic plants and animals. The study area encompasses a portion of the Blue Ridge Escarpment and the associated Brevard Fault Zone. We hypothesise that major waterfalls and cascade complexes have acted to limit invasion and colonisation by fishes from downstream. This hypothesis is supported by longitudinal fish assemblage patterns in our study streams. Fish species richness in Toxaway River increased from 4 to 23 between Lake Toxaway and Lake Jocassee, a distance of 10 river km. We found similar discontinuities in neighbouring Horsepasture River and Bearwallow Creek. We found no instances of species replacement along this elevation gradient, and the trend in increased diversity downstream showed discontinuities coincident with sharp elevation breaks. With regard to theories posited to explain community formation in headwater stream fish communities (especially in those characterised by high topographical relief), we suggest coloniser ‘access’ may be more important than other factors including competitive interactions.}, number={1}, journal={ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH}, author={Robinson, JL and Rand, PS}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={14–23} }
 @article{taylor_thompson_rand_fuentes_2005, title={Sampling and statistical considerations for hydroacoustic surveys used in estimating abundance of forage fishes in reservoirs}, volume={25}, ISSN={["0275-5947"]}, DOI={10.1577/M03-241.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT}, author={Taylor, JC and Thompson, JS and Rand, PS and Fuentes, M}, year={2005}, month={Feb}, pages={73–85} }
 @article{taylor_rand_2003, title={Spatial overlap and distribution of anchovies (Anchoa spp.) and copepods in a shallow stratified estuary}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0990-7440"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0990-7440(03)00012-3}, abstractNote={Juvenile pelagic fishes are integral members of many coastal river communities. Many of these systems are strongly influenced by variable wind stress and freshwater inputs that can increase heterogeneity in estuarine habitat for fishes. We use mobile sonar surveys within the Neuse River Estuary System, NC, USA to assess the distribution and behavioral patterns of juvenile anchovies, Anchoa spp. 25-65 mm TL, over a broad range of spatial scales in relation to diel and seasonal changes in water quality including stratification, hypoxic events and copepod distribution. Results from our study indicate that episodic stratification-induced hypoxic events can reduce suitable habitat volume for anchovies by more than 50%. Furthermore, our sampling suggests that hypoxia causes spatial separation between plankton and the grazing fishes. Under stratified oxygen conditions, we observe higher densities of copepods in hypoxic bottom water. Finally, we report that reductions in available habitat caused an increase in local densities of fishes and may result in increased competition for resources. These spatially explicit data are critical for developing trophic dynamic models that predict the response of fish communities to natural and anthropogenic impacts on the system.}, number={3}, journal={AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES}, author={Taylor, JC and Rand, PS}, year={2003}, month={Jul}, pages={191–196} }
 @article{rand_2002, title={Modeling feeding and growth in Gulf of Alaska sockeye salmon: implications for high-seas distribution and migration}, volume={234}, DOI={10.3354/meps234265}, abstractNote={I analyzed data on stomach contents of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka and oceanographic variables collected during 1956 to 1964 in order to assess the spatial and temporal pat- terns of salmon feeding and growth in the Gulf of Alaska. A 2-stage statistical model was used to develop a feeding index, calculated as the product of feeding probability (assessed using the pres- ence/absence of gut contents of individuals collected at each site) and stomach fullness (prey weights transformed to account for temperature-dependent gastric evacuation and allometry). Combining these results with simple bioenergetic principles, I conclude that the reduction in salmon biomass during spring observed along the southern periphery of the Gulf can be explained by an equally sharp reduction in growth potential. This feature demarcates a region (between latitude 58 and 55° N) that is favorable to sockeye growth, as demonstrated by an order of magnitude change in salmon growth potential over a narrow range of sea surface temperatures (ca. 6 to 7°C). This pattern results from the combined effects of trends in feeding probability and stomach fullness across this temperature gradient. I documented a significant trend of larger fish in cooler water during spring, which might have been related to body size dependent competitive interactions. The trend was reversed in summer, with larger fish in warmer water, perhaps due to the availability of preferred prey (e.g. squid) and directional swimming behavior characteristic of sockeye spawning migration. Assuming salmon are growth-optimizers in this environment, my results suggest that winter resi- dency for sub-adults is restricted to north of latitude 54° N. Furthermore, peaks in feeding and growth shifted from a central position in the gulf during spring toward the southeast during summer, with an attendant increase in forage quality. I hypothesize that these patterns are likely to be important in drawing maturing British Columbia salmon toward their natal rivers and providing the energy needed to fuel their costly river migration during mid-summer.}, number={2002}, journal={Marine Ecology Progress Series}, author={Rand, P. S.}, year={2002}, pages={265–280} }
 @article{hinch_rand_2000, title={Optimal swimming speeds and forward-assisted propulsion: energy-conserving behaviours of upriver-migrating adult salmon}, volume={57}, ISSN={["0706-652X"]}, DOI={10.1139/cjfas-57-12-2470}, number={12}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES}, author={Hinch, SG and Rand, PS}, year={2000}, month={Dec}, pages={2470–2478} }
 @article{rand_stewart_1998, title={Dynamics of salmonine diets and foraging in Lake Ontario, 1983-1993: a test of a bioenergetic model prediction}, volume={55}, DOI={10.1139/cjfas-55-2-307}, number={2}, journal={Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences}, author={Rand, P. S. and Stewart, D. J.}, year={1998}, pages={307–317} }
 @article{rand_stewart_1998, title={Prey fish exploitation, salmonine production, and pelagic food web efficiency in Lake Ontario}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1205-7533"]}, DOI={10.1139/cjfas-55-2-318}, number={2}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES}, author={Rand, PS and Stewart, DJ}, year={1998}, month={Feb}, pages={318–327} }
 @article{rand_hinch_1998, title={Spatial patterns of zooplankton biomass in the northeast Pacific Ocean}, volume={171}, ISSN={["0171-8630"]}, DOI={10.3354/meps171181}, abstractNote={We used Mantel's tests and correlograms to statistically detect and describe large-scale spatial patterns during spring and summer in zooplankton biomass in the northeast Pacific Ocean following winters of varying degrees of wind stress. During the spring of 1963, a sampling period following a winter of moderate wlnd stress, we found that sites separated by 1 to 100, 201 to 400 and 1101 to 1200 km had similar biomass levels, and that areas of high biomass occurred around the penphery of the Gulf of Alaska. We found similar results for spring data from other years following winters of high wind stress. During summers following winters of low wind stress, biomass levels were similar among sites within 1 to 100 km of each other, but they were generally lower than the spring values. We did not detect spatial patterns in biomass during spnngs following winters of low wind stress, or during summers following winters of high wind stress. Elevated winter wind stress appeared to favor the formation of discernable spatial patterns In zooplankton blomass during the subsequent spring, but the pattern did not persist into the summer. It appears that spatial patterns ('zooplankton patches' at c400 km scales) may be formed b y meso-scale eddies, while the similarities over larger distance intervals may be attributed to gyre currents and spring bloom dynamics.}, journal={MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES}, author={Rand, PS and Hinch, SG}, year={1998}, pages={181–186} }
 @article{rand_hinch_1998, title={Swim speeds and energy use of upriver-migrating sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): simulating metabolic power and assessing risk of energy depletion}, volume={55}, ISSN={["0706-652X"]}, DOI={10.1139/cjfas-55-8-1832}, number={8}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES}, author={Rand, PS and Hinch, SG}, year={1998}, month={Aug}, pages={1832–1841} }
 @article{rand_scandol_walter_1997, title={NerkaSim: A research and educational tool to simulate the marine life history of Pacific salmon in a dynamic environment}, volume={22}, ISSN={["0363-2415"]}, DOI={10.1577/1548-8446(1997)022<0006:NARAET>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract This paper introduces NerkaSim, a computer program used to simulate and visualize the life history of Pacific salmon in a dynamic ocean environment. The computer program enables users to (1) archive and visualize biophysical oceanographic data; (2) execute a spatially explicit, individually based Pacific salmon model that can include migration, growth, and mortality processes; and (3) produce images of simulated migration trajectories and bioenergetic variables in both space and time. We anticipate a demand for the model for basic and applied research applications, where it can serve as a platform to explore hypotheses concerning migration, growth, and mortality processes for salmon in coastal and high-seas environments. Although designed to address issues related to British Columbia's Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the model can easily be customized to accommodate different salmon species across the eastern Pacific Rim. Distributed as freeware, we hope that NerkaSim will becom...}, number={10}, journal={FISHERIES}, author={Rand, PS and Scandol, JP and Walter, EE}, year={1997}, month={Oct}, pages={6–13} }