@article{chanoit_kyles_weisse_hardie_2007, title={Surgical and interventional radiographic treatment of dogs with hepatic arteriovenous fistulae}, volume={36}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.2007.00263.x}, abstractNote={Objective—To report outcome after surgical and interventional radiographic treatment of hepatic arteriovenous fistulae (HAVF) in dogs.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Dogs (n=20) with HAVF.Methods—Medical records of dogs with HAVF were reviewed. Referring veterinarians and owners were contacted by telephone. History, clinical signs, biochemical and hematologic variables, ultrasonographic and angiographic findings, surgical findings, techniques used to correct the HAVF, survival time, and clinical follow‐up were recorded.Results—Canine HAVF often appeared to be an arteriovenous malformation rather than a single fistula. Multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts were identified in 19 dogs. Surgery (lobectomy or ligation of the nutrient artery) and/or interventional radiology (glue embolization of the abnormal arterial vessels) was performed in 17 dogs. Thirteen dogs were treated by surgery alone, 4 dogs by glue embolization alone, and 1 dog by glue embolization and surgery. Three dogs treated by surgery alone died <1 month later, and 3 dogs were subsequently euthanatized or died because of persistent clinical signs. None of the dogs treated by glue embolization died <1month after the procedure and all were alive, without clinical signs, at follow‐up (9–17 months). Overall, 9 of 12 (75%) dogs with long‐term follow‐up required dietary or medical management of clinical signs.Conclusion—HAVF‐related death occurred less frequently after glue embolization than after surgery.Clinical Relevance—Glue embolization may be a good alternative to surgery for treatment of certain canine HAVF.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Chanoit, Guillaume and Kyles, Andrew E. and Weisse, Chick and Hardie, Elizabeth M.}, year={2007}, month={Apr}, pages={199–209} }
 @article{mehl_kyles_hardie_kass_adin_flynn_de cock_gregory_2005, title={Evaluation of ameroid ring constrictors for treatment for single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs: 168 cases (1995-2001)}, volume={226}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2005.226.2020}, abstractNote={AbstractObjectives—To evaluate use of an ameroid ring constrictor (ARC) for treatment for single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (PSSs) and identify factors associated with postoperative death, continued portosystemic shunting, and long-term outcome in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—168 dogs with a single extrahepatic PSS.Procedure—Medical records of dogs that had a single extrahepatic PSS and were treated with an ARC were reviewed. Signalment, history, clinical signs, results of preoperative blood analyses and portal pressure measurements, PSS location, ARC size, postoperative complications, and postoperative scintigraphy results were recorded. Owners were interviewed 6 months to 6 years after surgery.Results—Postoperative complications developed in 10% of dogs. Postoperative mortality rate was 7.1%. Predictive factors for postoperative death included high preoperative WBC count and postoperative complications. Twenty-one percent of dogs in which portal scintigraphy was performed 6 to 10 weeks after surgery had continued shunting. Predictive factors for persistent shunting included low preoperative plasma albumin concentration, high portal pressure after complete occlusion, and high portal pressure difference (postocclusion minus baseline). Clinical outcome in 108 dogs was classified as excellent (80%), good (14%), or poor (6%). Predictive factors for excellent long-term clinical outcome included high preoperative plasma albumin concentration, low preoperative leukocytosis, low portal pressure after complete occlusion, absence of postoperative seizures, and absence of continued shunting.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of an ARC for treatment for a single extrahepatic PSS resulted in low morbidity and mortality rates. Certain preoperative factors were associated with increased risk of postoperative death, continued portosystemic shunting, and long-term outcome. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226: 2020–2030)}, number={12}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Mehl, ML and Kyles, AE and Hardie, EM and Kass, PH and Adin, CA and Flynn, AK and De Cock, HE and Gregory, CR}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={2020–2030} }
 @article{whittemore_preston_kyles_hardie_feldman_2001, title={Nontraumatic rupture of an adrenal gland tumor causing intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal hemorrhage in four dogs}, volume={219}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2001.219.329}, abstractNote={Diagnosis and surgical management of intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal hemorrhage in 4 dogs with rupture of an adrenal gland tumor were determined. All 4 dogs were lethargic and weak with pale mucous membranes on initial examination. Three dogs did not have any history of clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism or pheochromocytoma prior to examination. In 3 of the dogs, a mass in the area of the adrenal gland was identified with ultrasonography prior to surgery. All dogs developed ventricular premature contractions before or during anesthesia. Three dogs survived adrenalectomy; 1 dog was euthanatized during surgery because of an inability to achieve adequate hemostasis. The remaining 3 dogs all survived more than 5 months after surgery; 1 was euthanatized 9 months after surgery because of rupture of a hepatic mass. On the basis of these results, we suggest that hemodynamic stabilization followed by adrenalectomy is the treatment of choice for dogs with nontraumatic rupture of an adrenal gland tumor and resulting life-threatening hemorrhage.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Whittemore, JC and Preston, CA and Kyles, AE and Hardie, EM and Feldman, EC}, year={2001}, month={Aug}, pages={329–333} }
 @inbook{stone_kyles_2000, title={Diagnosis and management of ureteral obstruction}, ISBN={0721655238}, booktitle={Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.)}, publisher={Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders}, author={Stone, E. A. and Kyles, A. E.}, year={2000}, pages={868} }
 @article{kyles_hardie_hansen_papich_1998, title={Comparison of transdermal fentanyl and intramuscular oxymorphone on post-operative behaviour after ovariohysterectomy in dogs}, volume={65}, ISSN={["0034-5288"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0034-5288(98)90151-5}, abstractNote={The effects of transdermal fentanyl and im oxymorphone on behavioural and physiological responses, after ovariohysterectomy in dogs, were investigated. The study involved three groups of 10 dogs: fentanyl/surgery (FS), oxymorphone/surgery (OS), fentanyl/control (FC). A transdermal fentanyl delivery system (50 μg hour−1) (FS and FC) was applied 20 hours before surgery, or IM oxymorphone (Os) was administered. After ovariohysterectomy (FS and OS) or anaesthesia alone (FC), dogs were continuously videotaped for 24 hours and a standardised hourly interaction with a handler performed. The videotapes were analysed, and interactive and non-interactive behaviours evaluated. In addition, pain and sedation scores, pulse and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, arterial blood pressure, plasma cortisol and plasma fentanyl concentrations were measured. This study showed that transdermal fentanyl and IM oxymorphone (0·05 mg kg−1) produced comparable analgesic effects over a 24 hour recording period. IM oxymorphone produced significantly more sedation and lower rectal temperatures than transdermal fentanyl. There were no significant differences between groups in respiratory and heart rates, and arterial blood pressures.}, number={3}, journal={RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Kyles, AE and Hardie, EM and Hansen, BD and Papich, MG}, year={1998}, pages={245–251} }
 @article{kyles_stone_gookin_spaulding_clary_wylie_spodnick_1998, title={Diagnosis and surgical management of obstructive ureteral calculi in cats: 11 cases (1993-1996)}, volume={213}, number={8}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Kyles, A. E. and Stone, E. A. and Gookin, J. and Spaulding, K. and Clary, E. M. and Wylie, K. and Spodnick, G.}, year={1998}, pages={1150–1156} }
 @article{kyles_ruslander_1997, title={Chronic pain: Osteoarthritis and cancer}, volume={12}, ISSN={["0882-0511"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1096-2867(97)80009-6}, abstractNote={Osteoarthritis and cancer pain are two types of chronic pain commonly seen in small animal practice. The management of osteoarthritic pain consists of both pharmacologic therapy and nonpharmacologic strategies, including exercise control, dietary management and surgical therapy. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are commonly used, although there is still controversy about their effect on the underlying pathologic processes of osteoarthritis. Despite a lack of well-designed clinical trials, chondroprotective drugs and neutraceuticals have gained popularity. Cancer pain can result from direct tumor invasion, paraneoplastic syndromes or diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Treatment of cancer pain consists of definitive or palliative therapy and management of therapy induced pain. Analgesic therapy should be based on the World Health Organization's three step analgesic ladder for the administration of analgesia to cancer patients.}, number={2}, journal={SEMINARS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY-SMALL ANIMAL}, author={Kyles, AE and Ruslander, D}, year={1997}, month={May}, pages={122–132} }
 @article{frank_nutter_kyles_atkins_sellon_1997, title={Systemic arterial dirofilariasis in five dogs}, volume={11}, ISSN={["0891-6640"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00089.x}, abstractNote={Systemic arterial dirofilariasis is an unusual manifestation of heartworm disease of dogs that results from aberrant migration ofDirofilaria immitisinto the peripheral arterial circulation. To expand the clinical characterization of systemic arterial dirofilariasis, 5 dogs evaluated at the North Carolina State University's College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed. Common clinical presentations included hindlimb lameness, paresthesia of hindlimbs, and interdigital ischemic necrosis resulting from thromboembolic disease. Visualization of heartworms with angiography or ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis in all cases. All 5 dogs were treated with an adulticide; 3 dogs were treated with thiacetarsamide sodium and 2 with melarsomine dihydrochloride. Four of the 5 dogs survived the initial treatment period; 1 dog died of severe thromboembolic complications after thiacetarsamide sodium therapy. The treatment of systemic arterial dirofilariasis creates a therapeutic challenge because of multiple potential complications resulting from thromboembolic disease.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Frank, JR and Nutter, FB and Kyles, AE and Atkins, CE and Sellon, RK}, year={1997}, pages={189–194} }
 @article{kyles_papich_hardie_1996, title={Disposition of transdermally administered fentanyl in dogs}, volume={57}, number={5}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Kyles, A. E. and Papich, M. and Hardie, E. M.}, year={1996}, pages={715} }
 @article{kyles_douglass_rottman_1996, title={Pyelonephritis following inadvertent excision of the ureter during ovariohysterectomy in a bitch}, volume={139}, ISSN={["0042-4900"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.139.19.471}, abstractNote={Prevalence of staphylococci in the eyes of}, number={19}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Kyles, AE and Douglass, JP and Rottman, JB}, year={1996}, month={Nov}, pages={471–472} }
 @article{kyles_vaden_hardie_stone_1996, title={Vestibulovaginal stenosis in dogs: 18 cases (1987-1995)}, volume={209}, number={11}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Kyles, A. E. and Vaden, S. and Hardie, E. M. and Stone, E. A.}, year={1996}, pages={1889} }