@article{gardner_guo_sood_mayo_gehrke_dobbs_1998, title={Monte Carlo aided treatments of the nonlinear inverse PGNAA measurement problem for various continuous on-line applications}, volume={233}, ISSN={["0236-5731"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF02389655}, number={1-2}, journal={JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY}, author={Gardner, RP and Guo, P and Sood, A and Mayo, CW and Gehrke, RJ and Dobbs, CL}, year={1998}, month={Jul}, pages={105–107} }
 @article{gardner_guo_wang_sood_lee_dobbs_1997, title={Feasibility of neutron activation methods for measurement of sodium and aluminum in green liquor}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0969-8043"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00131-0}, abstractNote={The feasibility of neutron activation methods including prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis (PGNAA), neutron activation analysis (NAA), and continuous neutron activation analysis (CNAA) has been investigated for both the off-line and on-line continuous measurement of sodium and aluminum in green liquor. It is found that in the measurement of sodium and aluminium dissolved in green liquor at the 11% and 5.5% levels, respectively, one must also know the chlorine content to determine the average neutron flux for any method involving neutron activation. Chlorine may be present in green liquor in amounts up to 0.5% which would significantly (as much as 10%) affect the average thermal neutron flux in a sample. It was found that PGNAA is quite sensitive to chlorine and somewhat to sodium, but very insensitive to aluminum. However, NAA and CNAA are quite sensitive to aluminum, then sodium, but very insensitive to chlorine. The final proposed approaches for discrete samples and continuous samples are to use NAA and CNAA, respectively, with time lags incorporated between activation and detection to reduce the effect of the otherwise overly intense aluminum spectrum on the less intense sodium spectrum and use of a 3He detector to monitor the average neutron flux (a function primarily of chlorine content) in the samples. Extensive experimental and benchmarked Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the feasibility of this approach. It appears that the approach is viable and will allow accurate (1% relative standard deviation for both sodium and aluminum) discrete sample or on-line continuous analysis of both sodium and aluminum in green liquor in reasonable times (10–30 min) with a relatively small (15 μg) 252Cf source. Prototype devices are planned for future development.}, number={10-12}, journal={APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES}, author={Gardner, RP and Guo, P and Wang, YY and Sood, A and Lee, SH and Dobbs, CL}, year={1997}, pages={1355–1372} }
 @article{gardner_sood_wang_liu_guo_gehrke_1997, title={Single peak versus library least-squares analysis methods for the PGNAA analysis of vitrified waste}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0969-8043"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00127-9}, abstractNote={A feasibility study (Gardner et al., 1995) for the neutron capture prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGNAA) of simulated vitrified nuclear waste containing SiO2/Al2O3 and SiO2/Fe2O3 mixtures has been carried out. Analyses for elements Al, Si, and Fe were made by both the single peak area and the library least-squares methods using measured and simulated data. It is shown that the library least-squares method is about 2.5 times better than the single peak analysis method.}, number={10-12}, journal={APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES}, author={Gardner, RP and Sood, A and Wang, YY and Liu, L and Guo, P and Gehrke, RJ}, year={1997}, pages={1331–1335} }
 @article{guo_ao_gardner_1997, title={Spectral gamma-ray log interpretation algorithms using the Monte Carlo multiply scattered components approach}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0969-8043"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00132-2}, abstractNote={Abstract New algorithms for spectral gamma-ray log interpretation have been developed on the basis of a novel approach originally developed for natural gamma-ray log interpretation using the lithology-independent Monte Carlo multiply scattered components (MCMSC) approach. With separation of density and composition effects, the new algorithms have fewer parameters and have been designed for both natural gamma-ray and gamma-gamma litho-density logs.}, number={10-12}, journal={APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES}, author={Guo, P and Ao, Q and Gardner, RP}, year={1997}, pages={1373–1383} }