@article{hastings_hain_odell_2002, title={A survey of parasitoids and other organisms affecting gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriia dispar L.) along the leading edge of its southward movement}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-37.2.207}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={Hastings, FL and Hain, FP and Odell, TM}, year={2002}, month={Apr}, pages={207–209} }
 @article{hastings_hain_smith_cook_monahan_2002, title={Predation of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) pupae in three ecosystems along the southern edge of infestation}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X-31.4.668}, abstractNote={Abstract The predation potential of small mammals, in particular mice, Peromyscus spp., and invertebrates, was evaluated from 1992 to 1995 near the leading edge of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), spread into the southeastern United States. Two study sites were established in each of three geographic areas: the coastal plain, Piedmont, and mountains. All sites were mixed hardwood stands with varying amounts of oak, Quercus spp., and all were classified for gypsy moth susceptibility. Small mammal density was estimated using Sherman live-traps and pitfall traps within these 4.68-ha sites in early and late summer. Each site contained 75 trapping stations located on a 25-m grid. Predation was measured by offering freeze-dried gypsy moth pupae near trapping stations at four heights (0, 0.25, 1.0, and 2.0 m) on different tree boles. Pupal predation was monitored for three consecutive nights. Vertebrate predation was positively correlated with good mast production in the previous autumn. Predation data showed that when mice were at high densities they were the major source of pupal predation. However, within these southern sites, when densities of Peromyscus spp. were low, predation by invertebrates was occasionally greater than predation by vertebrates. These data suggest that in some years invertebrates may retard gypsy moth buildup when small mammals are scarce due to mast crop failures.}, number={4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Hastings, FL and Hain, FP and Smith, HR and Cook, SP and Monahan, JF}, year={2002}, month={Aug}, pages={668–675} }
 @misc{hastings_holsten_shea_werner_2001, title={Carbaryl: A review of its use against bark beetles in coniferous forests of North America}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X-30.5.803}, abstractNote={Abstract We reviewed the application of carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) against bark beetles (Scolytidae) in forest trees (Pinaceae) of North America. Our objective was to encapsulate carbaryl’s 30-yr history of successes and limitations against these beetles and to present appropriate safety and environmental information that relates to this usage.}, number={5}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Hastings, FL and Holsten, EH and Shea, PJ and Werner, RA}, year={2001}, month={Oct}, pages={803–810} }
 @article{hastings_werner_shea_holsten_1998, title={Persistence of carbaryl within boreal, temperate and Mediterranean ecosystems}, volume={91}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/91.3.665}, abstractNote={The dissipation and movement of carbaryl within soils of wet and dry sites in boreal (south central Alaska), temperate (north western North Carolina) and Mediterranean (east central California) ecosystems was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography analyses at 1, 30, 60, 90, 365, and 485 d after applications of aqueous 2% to forest soils. Highest levels of carbaryl occurred within the uppermost soil layers of each site. The greatest carbaryl persistence was within the North Carolina dry site. All sites, with the exceptions of Alaska dry and North Carolina wet, had carbaryl levels exceeding 20 ppm in the upper layer of soil at 90 d. The decreasing order of carbaryl persistence was North Carolina dry > California wet > California dry> Alaska wet> North Carolina wet > Alaska dry. Only twice were replicated amounts of carbaryl found in the lowest soil layer (North Carolina dry, 60 d, Alaska wet, 1 d ) and these levels were only 5.6 and 5.1 ppm, respectively.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Hastings, FL and Werner, RA and Shea, PJ and Holsten, EH}, year={1998}, month={Jun}, pages={665–670} }