@article{george_yang_wang_sharma-shivappa_tungate_2010, title={Suitability of Canola Residue for Cellulosic Ethanol Production}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef1002155}, abstractNote={The acreage of winter canola in the Southeastern United States is presently limited but is expected to increase in the future as demand for biodiesel grows. The residue production of canola is known to be relatively high in comparison to other grain crops. Only the seed of canola is currently harvested and utilized, but if canola is to be grown more widely the crop residue could potentially be used for biofuel production. This proof of concept study investigated the value of canola crop residue as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production. The mean dry yield of residue for canola was found to be approximately 9 Mg/ha, which is higher than for other common winter crops produced in the Southeast. Cellulosic ethanol production from the residue was investigated through acid (H2SO4) and alkali (NaOH) pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase and cellobiase and hexose fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ethanol yield from the biomass was relatively low, at around 95 L per dry ...}, number={8}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={George, Nicholas and Yang, Ying and Wang, Ziyu and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna and Tungate, Kim}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={4454–4458} }
 @article{yang_sharma-shivappa_burns_cheng_2009, title={Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Oven-dried Switchgrass Germplasms for Bioethanol Production}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef900043z}, abstractNote={Bioethanol production potential of three oven-dried switchgrass germplasms (St6−1, St6−3E, and St6−3F) containing 26.65−29.28% glucan, 17.92−19.37% xylan, and 17.74−19.23% lignin (dry matter basis) was investigated. Evaluation of the effect of three acid concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/v) and residence times (30, 45, and 60 min) on composition of all germplasms indicated significant hemicellulose solublization relying greatly on pretreatment intensity. No apparent delignification was observed during pretreatment. Pretreated samples with the least lignin content or greatest hemicellulose solubilization within each germplasm were selected for hydrolysis and fermentation. Enzymatic hydrolysis at cellulase activities of 0, 15, and 30 FPU (filter paper units)/g dry biomass indicated that addition of cellulase significantly improved glucan hydrolysis (P 0.05). Glucan-to-glucose conversion was enhanced by acid pretreatme...}, number={7}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={Yang, Ying and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna and Burns, Joseph C. and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={3759–3766} }
 @article{yang_sharma-shivappa_burns_cheng_2009, title={Saccharification and Fermentation of Dilute-Acid-Pretreated Freeze-Dried Switchgrass}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef9003335}, abstractNote={This study investigated the potential of three freeze-dried switchgrass germplasms (St6-1, St6-3E, and St6-3F) as whole plants or their stems and leaves for bioethanol production. Whole switchgrass germplasms contained 24.34−30.95% glucan, 14.68−18.58% xylan, and 17.39−19.46% lignin. Switchgrass samples were pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% (w/v) for 30, 45, or 60 min at 121 °C and 15 psi. Although lignin degradation was limited, over 80% hemicellulose solublization was observed, especially in leaf samples, and the removal could be enhanced by increasing the pretreatment intensity through acid concentration and treatment time adjustment. Within each germplasm, pretreated samples with the least lignin content or greatest percent hemicellulose (xylan and arabinan) solublization were hydrolyzed enzymatically by cellulase at 0, 15, or 30 filter paper units (FPU)/g of dry biomass supplemented with cellobiase. Although the addition of cellulase greatly improved cellulo...}, number={11}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={Yang, Ying and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. and Burns, Joseph C. and Cheng, Jay}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={5626–5635} }