@misc{law_fedkiw_hicks_2001, title={Kolbe electrolysis in a polymer electrolyte membrane reactor}, volume={6,238,543}, number={2001 May 29}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Law, C. G. and Fedkiw, P. S. and Hicks, M. T.}, year={2001} }
 @article{hicks_fedkiw_1998, title={A model for Kolbe electrolysis in a parallel plate reactor}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1572-8838"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1003495828226}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY}, author={Hicks, MT and Fedkiw, PS}, year={1998}, month={Nov}, pages={1157–1166} }
 @article{hicks_fedkiw_1998, title={Kolbe electrolysis of acetic acid in a polymer electrolyte membrane reactor}, volume={145}, ISSN={["0013-4651"]}, DOI={10.1149/1.1838866}, abstractNote={A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) reactor is described for use in Kolbe electrolysis: the anodic oxidation of an alkyl carboxylic acid with subsequent decarboxylation and coupling to yield a dimer, 2RCOOH {r_arrow} R-R + 2CO{sub 2} + 2e{sup {minus}} + 2H{sup +}. Platinized Nafion 117 is the PEM and functions simultaneously as the electrolyte and separator. Results demonstrating the feasibility of Kolbe electrolysis in a PEM reactor are presented for the oxidation of gaseous acetic acid (in a nitrogen diluent) to ethane and carbon dioxide, with hydrogen evolution at the counter electrode. The investigation includes the following effects on current density, current efficiency, and product selectivity: acetic acid partial pressure (P{sub total} {approx} 1 atm), cell voltage and temperature, phase of the catholyte (liquid water or humidified nitrogen), and the procedure used to prepare the membrane-electrode assembly. Current densities from 0.06 to 0.4 A/cm{sup 2} with Kolbe current efficiencies of 10 to 90% were obtained for cell voltages ranging from 4 to 10 V. The best results were obtained using PEMs platinized by a nonequilibrium impregnation-reduction method; a 75% current efficiency at 0.3 A/cm{sup 1} with a cell voltage of 6 V were measured at the following reaction conditions: 42more » C reactor, 58 mm Hg acetic acid (50 C acetic acid dew point), and 42 C liquid water to the cathode. These initial results are encouraging for Kolbe electrolysis in a PEM cell; additional work, however, is needed to determine if the PEM strategy may be employed using a liquid-phase reactant. In addition, optimal reaction conditions and downstream mass-transfer separation requirements remain to be determined, both of which are reactant specific.« less}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Hicks, MT and Fedkiw, PS}, year={1998}, month={Nov}, pages={3728–3734} }
 @article{hicks_fedkiw_1997, title={Effects of supporting electrolyte on the mass-transfer limited current for coupled chemical-electrochemical reactions}, volume={424}, ISSN={["0022-0728"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0022-0728(96)04932-7}, abstractNote={A Nernst diffusion-layer model is developed for the study of reactant diffusion-migration in electrolyte solutions with coupled chemical-electrochemical reactions. Specifically, proton reduction to hydrogen gas and the Kolbe oxidative dimerization of acetate to ethane and carbon dioxide are studied in an acetic acid solution with supporting electrolyte: an inert (LiClO4) and a reactive electrolyte (NaOH) are each considered. The model predicts concentration and potential profiles within the diffusion layer and the mass-transfer limited current density as a function of the ratio of the supporting-electrolyte concentration to that of acetic acid. For proton reduction, the ratio of the limiting to diffusion current increases with decreasing acid strength in the limit of zero supporting-electrolyte, while the opposite is true for the Kolbe oxidative dimerization of acetate. For the Kolbe oxidative dimerization of acetate in sodium hydroxide, a maximum exists in the ratio of the limiting to diffusion current when the concentration of sodium hydroxide is approximately equal to that of acetic acid. The maximum is a result of the weak-acid strong-base chemistry. Numerical calculations for proton reduction from acetic acid as a function of the supporting-electrolyte concentration are compared with published experimental data. The numerical results and experimental data are in agreement when there is an excess of supporting-electrolyte present, but diverge as the supporting-electrolyte concentration approaches zero.}, number={1-2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY}, author={Hicks, MT and Fedkiw, PS}, year={1997}, month={Mar}, pages={75–92} }