@article{davis_smith_bolt_meadows_powell_vann_arthington_dilorenzo_lalman_rouquette_et al._2015, title={Technical note: Digital quantification of eye pigmentation of cattle with white faces}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2014-8786}, abstractNote={Cancer of the eye in cattle with white faces occurs less frequently in cattle with pigmented eyelids. Corneoscleral pigmentation is related to eyelid pigmentation and occurrence of lesions that may precede cancer. Objectives of this study were to assess 1) variation in the proportion of eyelid and corneoscleral pigmentation in Hereford, Bos taurus, and Bos indicus crossbreds and 2) the occurrence of lesions with the presence of pigmentation in those areas. Hereford and Bos indicus crosses (Brahman or Nellore with Angus and Hereford and straightbred Brafords) and Bos taurus crosses (Angus-Hereford) were included in the study (n = 1,083). Eyelid pigmentation proportions were estimated by pixel quantification and were evaluated as total proportions and for upper and lower eyelids distinctly for each eye. Fixed effects included breed type, age categories, and sex of the animal. Lesion presence (1) or absence (0) was obtained by visual appraisal of image and was assumed to be binomially distributed. Eyelid pigmentation proportions (overall, upper, and lower eyelids) for Hereford ranged from 0.65 ± 0.03 to 0.68 ± 0.03 and were significantly lower than Bos indicus (range from 0.93 ± 0.02 to 0.95 ± 0.02) or Bos taurus (ranged from 0.88 ± 0.02 to 0.92 ± 0.02) crosses. Corneoscleral pigmentation in Hereford cows (0.17 ± 0.06) did not differ (P = 0.91) from Hereford calves and yearlings (0.16 ± 0.07). Bos indicus and Bos taurus crossbred cows had larger corneoscleral pigmentation (0.38 ± 0.05 and 0.48 ± 0.04 for left eyes and 0.37 ± 0.05 and 0.53 ± 0.04 for right eyes, respectively) than all calves (P < 0.001), and their corneoscleral pigmentations were greater than that of Hereford cows (P < 0.003). Bos indicus and Bos taurus cows had greater proportions of left eye corneoscleral pigmentation (0.38 ± 0.05 and 0.48 ± 0.04, respectively) than Hereford cows (0.17 ± 0.06) and all young animal breed types (P < 0.05). Right eye proportions differed for all cow groups (P < 0.05; 0.53 ± 0.04, 0.37 ± 0.05, and 0.17 ± 0.06). Among calves and yearlings, Hereford had a lower right eye corneoscleral pigmentation proportion (0.16 ± 0.07) than Bos taurus (P = 0.02). The lesion proportion for Hereford (0.08 ± 0.03) was significantly greater than that of either Bos indicus (0.01 ± 0.005) or Bos taurus (0.01 ± 0.003). Crossbreeding with Bos taurus or Bos indicus animals appears to increase eye pigmentation, which may help reduce the occurrence of cancer in eyes of cattle with white faces.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Davis, K. M. and Smith, T. and Bolt, B. and Meadows, S. and Powell, J. G. and Vann, R. C. and Arthington, J. D. and DiLorenzo, N. and Lalman, D. L. and Rouquette, F. M., Jr. and et al.}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={3654–3660} }
 @article{brew_myer_hersom_carter_elzo_hansen_riley_2011, title={Water intake and factors affecting water intake of growing beef cattle}, volume={140}, ISSN={["1871-1413"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.030}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to measure water intake in 7 to 9 mo old growing beef cattle, and to determine the effect of breed composition, gender, dry matter intake and body weight (BW) gain on water consumption. Growing bulls, steers, and heifers (n = 146; average starting BW of 276 ± 67 kg) were housed in an open-sided barn for a period of 13 wk. Feed and water intake were measured individually in cattle reared in groups of 16 to 18 animals using the GrowSafe™ system. Cattle were weighed weekly. Mean BW gain was 1.41 kg/d. Mean water intake was 29.98 L ± 8.56 L/ head/d. Cattle of Brahman and Romosinuano breeding consumed less water than British and Continental influenced cattle at the same metabolic BW (P < 0.05). There was no difference among bulls, steers, and heifers in water intake per kg of metabolic BW. The mean daily temperature remained within the thermal neutral zone throughout the study and had no influence on water intake. Water intake was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with feed intake and BW gain. There was no relationship between water intake and gain-to-feed ratio.}, number={1-3}, journal={LIVESTOCK SCIENCE}, author={Brew, M. N. and Myer, R. O. and Hersom, M. J. and Carter, J. N. and Elzo, M. A. and Hansen, G. R. and Riley, D. G.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={297–300} }
 @article{araujo_cooke_hansen_staples_arthington_2010, title={Effects of rumen-protected polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on performance and physiological responses of growing cattle after transportation and feedlot entry}, volume={88}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2009-2684}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected PUFA supplementation on performance and inflammation measures in beef calves after truck transportation and feedyard entry. In Exp. 1, 30 weaned Braford steers (BW = 218 ± 4.3 kg) were transported for 1,600 km over a 24-h period in a commercial trailer and delivered to a feedlot (d 0). Upon arrival (d 1), steers were stratified by BW and allocated to receive 1 of 3 treatments (10 steers/treatment), which consisted of grain-based concentrates without supplemental fat (NF), or with the inclusion of a rumen-protected SFA (SF; 2.1% as-fed basis) or PUFA source (PF; 2.5% as-fed basis). Shrunk BW was determined on d 1 and 30 for ADG calculation. Individual DMI was recorded from d 2 to 28. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 1, 4, 8, 15, 22, and 29 for determination of acute-phase protein concentrations. Steers fed PF had decreased (P = 0.04) mean DMI and tended to have reduced ADG (P = 0.07) compared with NF-fed steers (2.32 vs. 2.72% of BW, and 0.78 vs. 1.07 kg/d, respectively). No other treatment effects were detected. In Exp. 2, 48 weaned Brahman-crossbred heifers (BW = 276 ± 4.6 kg) were stratified by initial BW and randomly allocated to 6 pastures (8 heifers/pasture) before transportation (d -30 to 0). Pastures were randomly assigned (3 pastures/treatment) to receive (DM basis) 3.0 kg/heifer daily of NF, or 2.5 kg/heifer daily of a concentrate containing 5.7% (as-fed basis) of a rumen-protected PUFA source (PF). On d 0, heifers were transported as in Exp. 1. Upon arrival (d 1), 24 heifers were randomly selected (12 heifers/treatment), placed into individual feeding pens, and assigned the same pretransport treatment. Shrunk BW was recorded on d -30, 1, and 30 to determine ADG. Individual DMI was recorded daily from d 2 to 28. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 1, 4, 8, 15, 22, and 29 for determination of acute-phase protein concentrations. A treatment × day interaction was detected for haptoglobin (P < 0.01) because PF-fed heifers had decreased haptoglobin concentrations compared with NF-fed heifers on d 1, 4, and 8. No other treatment effects were detected. Data from this study indicate that PUFA reduces haptoglobin concentrations in beef calves after transport and feedlot entry when supplemented before and after transportation. Further, PUFA supplementation during the feedyard only appears to negatively affect cattle performance by decreasing ADG and DMI.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Araujo, D. B. and Cooke, R. F. and Hansen, G. R. and Staples, C. R. and Arthington, J. D.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={4120–4132} }
 @article{elzo_riley_hansen_johnson_myer_coleman_chase_wasdin_driver_2009, title={Effect of breed composition on phenotypic residual feed intake and growth in Angus, Brahman, and Angus x Brahman crossbred cattle}, volume={87}, ISSN={["0021-8812"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2008-1553}, abstractNote={The influence of additive and nonadditive genetic effects and temperament on 4 postweaning feed intake and growth traits was evaluated in a group of 581 bull, heifer, and steer calves born in 3 Florida herds in 2006 and 2007. Calves had breed compositions ranging from 100% Angus (A) to 100% Brahman (B). They were randomly allocated to 24 pens each year by herd (Brooksville, Gainesville, Marianna, FL), sire group (A, 3/4 A 1/4 B, Brangus, 1/2 A 1/2 B, 1/4 A 3/4 B, and B), and sex (bull, heifer, and steer) in a GrowSafe automated feeding facility at Marianna. Calves were fed a concentrate diet during the 21-d adjustment and the 70-d trial periods. Individual feed intakes were recorded daily, and BW, chute scores, and exit velocities were recorded every 2 wk. Traits were phenotypic daily residual feed intake (RFI), mean daily feed intake (DFI), mean daily feed conversion ratio (FCR), and postweaning BW gain. Phenotypic RFI was computed as the difference between actual and expected feed intakes. Calves were assigned to 3 RFI groups: high (RFI greater than 0.9 kg of DM/d), low (RFI less than -0.9 kg of DM/d), and medium (RFI between mean +/- 0.9 kg of DM/d; SD = 1.8 kg of DM/d). The mixed model included the fixed effects of contemporary group (herd-year-pen), RFI group (except when trait was RFI), age of dam, sex of calf, age of calf, B fraction of calf, heterozygosity of calf, mean chute score, and mean exit velocity. Brahman fraction and heterozygosity of calf were nested within sex of calf for RFI and within RFI group for DFI, FCR, and postweaning BW gain. Random effects were sire and residual. Feed efficiency tended to improve (decreased RFI) as the B fraction increased. However, calves required larger amounts of feed per kilogram of BW gain (larger FCR) as the B fraction increased. Postweaning BW gain tended to decrease as the B fraction increased. Temperament traits were unimportant for all traits except exit velocity for DFI, suggesting perhaps a lack of variation for temperament traits in this herd, or that calves became accustomed to the level of handling pre- and postweaning, thus decreasing behavioral differences among them.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Elzo, M. A. and Riley, D. G. and Hansen, G. R. and Johnson, D. D. and Myer, R. O. and Coleman, S. W. and Chase, C. C. and Wasdin, J. G. and Driver, J. D.}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={3877–3886} }