@article{crissey_ange_slifka_sadler_kahn_ward_2004, title={Serum lipid concentrations in six canid and four ursid species in four zoos}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1042-7260"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2942562363&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1638/00-091}, abstractNote={Abstract Serum lipid levels were measured in healthy captive wild canids and ursids, and the values were compared with previously published data. Serum lipid levels were evaluated in blood samples collected from eight African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), three arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus), nine gray wolves (Canis lupus), four maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), two Mexican wolves (Canis lupus baleiyi), nine red wolves (Canis rufus), two brown bears (Ursus arctos), six polar bears (Ursus maritimus), six spectacled bears (Tremarctos ornatus), and five sun bears (Ursus malayanus). Samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol. Although the results showed a great variation among species, circulating lipids appeared especially high, sometimes extremely so, in the spectacled bears, polar bears, sun bears, and maned wolves compared with all other species sampled. The study provides a substantial basis for comparing lipid levels in presumed healthy animals and indicates a need for controlled study of the effects of diet on circulating lipid levels.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Crissey, SD and Ange, KD and Slifka, KA and Sadler, W and Kahn, S and Ward, AM}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={34–39} }
 @article{crissey_ange_jacobsen_slifka_bowen_stacewicz-sapuntzakis_langman_sadler_kahn_ward_2003, title={Serum concentrations of lipids, vitamin D metabolites, retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherols and selected carotenoids in twelve captive wild felid species at four zoos}, volume={133}, ISSN={["0022-3166"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037224646&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1093/jn/133.1.160}, abstractNote={Serum concentrations of several nutrients were measured in 12 captive wild felid species including caracal (Felis caracal), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), cougar (Felis concolor), fishing cat (Felis viverrinus), leopard (Panthera pardus), lion (Panthera leo), ocelot (Felis pardalis), pallas cat (Felis manul), sand cat (Felis margarita), serval (Felis serval), snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and tiger (Panthera tigris). Diet information was collected for these animals from each participating zoo (Brookfield Zoo, Fort Worth Zoo, Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens and North Carolina Zoological Park). The nutritional composition of the diets at each institution met the probable dietary requirements for each species except for the pallas cat. Blood samples were collected from each animal (n = 69) and analyzed for lipids (total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol), vitamin D metabolites [25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)(2)D)], vitamin A (retinol, retinyl stearate and retinyl palmitate), vitamin E (alpha- and gamma-tocopherol) and selected carotenoids. Species differences were found for all except triacylglycerides and 1,25(OH)(2)D. Genus differences were found for retinol, retinyl palmitate, retinyl stearate, gamma-tocopherol and beta-carotene. Circulating nutrient concentrations for many of the species in this study have not been reported previously and most have not been compared with the animals' dietary intakes. The large number of animals analyzed provides a substantial base for comparing the serum nutrient concentrations of healthy animals, for both wild and captive exotic species.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF NUTRITION}, author={Crissey, SD and Ange, KD and Jacobsen, KL and Slifka, KA and Bowen, PE and Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M and Langman, CB and Sadler, W and Kahn, S and Ward, A}, year={2003}, month={Jan}, pages={160–166} }
 @article{campbell_eisemann_glander_crissey_1999, title={Intake, digestibility, and passage of a commercially designed diet by two Propithecus species}, volume={48}, DOI={10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1999)48:3<237::AID-AJP5>3.0.CO;2-V}, abstractNote={The digestibility and passage of an experimental diet was used to compare the digestive physiology of two Propithecus species: P. verreauxi and P. tattersalli. Though both animals have a similar feeding ecology, the captive status of P. verreauxi is considered more stable than that of P. tattersalli. The test diet included a local tree species, Rhus copallina, at 15% of dry matter intake (DMI) and Mazuri Leafeater Primate Diet at 85% of DMI. The chemical composition of the diet (dry matter basis) was 25% crude protein, 34% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 22% acid detergent fiber (ADF) with a gross energy of 4.52 kcal/g. After a 6 week acclimation to the experimental diet, animals were placed in research caging. After a 7 day adjustment period, animals were dosed with chromium mordant and Co‐EDTA as markers for digesta passage and all feed refusals and feces were collected at timed intervals for 7 days. Digestibility values, similar for both species, were approximately 65% for dry matter, crude protein, and energy, and 40% and 35% respectively, for NDF and ADF. Transit times (17–18.5 hr) and mean retention times (31–34 hr) were not significantly different between species, and there was no difference between the chromium mordant and Co‐EDTA. Serum values for glucose, urea, and non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were obtained during four different time periods to monitor nutritional status. While there was no change in serum glucose, serum urea increased over time. The NEFAs increased across all four time periods for P. verreauxi and increased for the first three periods then decreased in the last period for P. tattersalli. Results obtained indicate no difference in digestibility nor digesta passage between species, and that both Propithecus species were similar to other post‐gastric folivores. Am. J. Primatol. 48:237–246, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.}, number={3}, journal={American Journal of Primatology}, author={Campbell, J. L. and Eisemann, J. H. and Glander, K. E. and Crissey, S. D.}, year={1999}, pages={237–246} }