@article{baek_horowitz_eling_2001, title={Molecular cloning and characterization of human nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene promoter - Basal transcription is mediated by Sp1 and Sp3}, volume={276}, ISSN={["0021-9258"]}, DOI={10.1074/jbc.M101814200}, abstractNote={Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene (NAG-1) is known to be associated with anti-tumorigenic activity and belongs to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. In the present study, we cloned the promoter region (−3500 to +41) and investigated the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the basal expression of the human NAG-1 gene. Several potential transcription factor-binding sites in this region were identified. Based on the results from clones of nested deletions, the construct between −133 and +41 base pairs contains three Sp1-binding sites (Sp1-A, Sp1-B, and Sp1-C), which confer basal transcription specific activity of NAG-1 expression. When the Sp1-C site was mutated (GG to TT), a 60–80% decrease in promoter activity was observed in HCT-116 cells. Gel shift, co-transfection, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that the Sp transcription factors bind to the Sp1-binding sites and transactivate NAG-1 expression. In addition, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor 1 can interact with the C-terminal region of Sp1 and Sp3 proteins and induce NAG-1 promoter activity through Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors. These results identify the critical regulatory regions for the human NAG-1 basal promoter. Furthermore, the results suggest that the level of expression of the NAG-1 gene will depend on the availability of Sp proteins and on co-factors such as chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor 1.}, number={36}, journal={JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY}, author={Baek, SJ and Horowitz, JM and Eling, TE}, year={2001}, month={Sep}, pages={33384–33392} }