@article{baldwin_bain_di giulio_kullman_rice_ringwood_hurk_2020, title={20th Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 20): Global issues and fundamental mechanisms caused by pollutant stress in marine and freshwater organisms}, volume={227}, ISSN={["1879-1514"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105620}, abstractNote={The 20th Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 20) conference provided a forum for scientists from around the world to communicate novel toxicological research findings specifically focused on aquatic organisms, by combining applied and basic research at the intersection of environmental and mechanistic toxicology. The work highlighted in this special issue of Aquatic Toxicology, a special issue of Marine Environmental Research, and presented through posters and presentations, encompass important and emerging topics in freshwater and marine toxicology. This includes multiple types of emerging contaminants including microplastics and UV filtering chemicals. Other studies aimed to further our understanding of the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Further research presented in this virtual issue examined the interactive effects of chemicals and pathogens, while the final set of manuscripts demonstrates continuing efforts to combine traditional biomonitoring, data from -omic technologies, and modeling for use in risk assessment and management. An additional goal of PRIMO meetings is to address the link between environmental and human health. Several articles in this issue of Aquatic Toxicology describe the appropriateness of using aquatic organisms as models for human health, while the keynote speakers, as described in the editorial below, presented research that highlighted bioaccumulation of contaminants such as PFOS and mercury from fish to marine mammals and coastal human populations such as the Gullah/GeeChee near Charleston, South Carolina, USA.}, journal={AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY}, author={Baldwin, William S. and Bain, Lisa J. and Di Giulio, Richard and Kullman, Seth and Rice, Charles D. and Ringwood, Amy H. and Hurk, Peter}, year={2020}, month={Oct} }
 @article{leblanc_bain_wilson_1997, title={At the cutting edge - Pesticides: Multiple mechanisms of demasculinization}, volume={126}, ISSN={["0303-7207"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0303-7207(96)03968-8}, abstractNote={Many pesticides are known to produce reproductive and developmental effects in chronically-exposed non-target organisms, including humans. Recent evidence suggests that demasculinization may be an important mechanism responsible for some of these effects. Some pesticides have been shown to interact with the androgen receptor and to act as antagonists, while others have been shown to interact with the estrogen receptor and function as estrogens both in vitro and in vivo. Many pesticides can also lower serum androgen levels by altering rates of synthesis or metabolism. Given the ubiquity of pesticides in the environment and the multiple mechanisms whereby they can elicit demasculinizing effects, synergy between such compounds may produce clinical endocrine dysfunction at current human exposure levels.}, number={1}, journal={MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY}, author={LeBlanc, GA and Bain, LJ and Wilson, VS}, year={1997}, month={Jan}, pages={1–5} }
 @article{leblanc_bain_1997, title={Chronic toxicity of environmental contaminants: Sentinels and biomarkers}, volume={105}, DOI={10.2307/3433398}, number={Suppl. 1}, journal={Environmental Health Perspectives}, author={LeBlanc, Gerald and Bain, L. J.}, year={1997}, pages={65–80} }
 @article{bain_mclachlan_leblanc_1997, title={Structure-activity relationships for xenobiotic transport substrates and inhibitory ligands of P-glycoprotein}, volume={105}, ISSN={["0091-6765"]}, DOI={10.2307/3433698}, abstractNote={The multixenobiotic resistance phenotype is characterized by the reduced accumulation of xenobiotics by cells or organisms due to increased efflux of the compounds by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or related transporters. An extensive xenobiotic database, consisting primarily of pesticides, was utilized in this study to identify molecular characteristics that render a xenobiotic susceptible to transport by or inhibition of P-gp. Transport substrates were differentiated by several molecular size/shape parameters, lipophilicity, and hydrogen bonding potential. Electrostatic features differentiated inhibitory ligands from compounds not catagorized as transport substrates and that did no interact with P-gp. A two-tiered system was developed using the derived structure-activity relationships to identify P-gp transport substrates and inhibitory ligands. Prediction accuracy of the approach was 82%. We then validated the system using six additional pesticides of which tow were predicted to be P-gp inhibitors and four were predicted to be noninteractors, based upon the structure-activity analyses. Experimental determinations using cells transfected with the human MDR1 gene demonstrated that five of the six pesticides were properly catagorized by the structure-activity analyses (83% accuracy). Finally, structure-activity analyses revealed that among P-gp inhibitors, relative inhibitory potency can be predicted based upon the surface area or volume of the compound. These results demonstrate that P-gp transport substrates and inhibitory ligands can be distinguished using molecular characteristics. Molecular characteristics of transport substrates suggest that P-gp may function in the elimination of hydroxylated metabolites of xenobiotics.}, number={8}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES}, author={Bain, LJ and McLachlan, JB and LeBlanc, GA}, year={1997}, month={Aug}, pages={812–818} }
 @article{bain_leblanc_1996, title={Interaction of structurally diverse pesticides with the human MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein}, volume={141}, number={1}, journal={Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology}, author={Bain, L. J. and LeBlanc, G. A.}, year={1996}, pages={288} }
 @article{bain_leblanc_1996, title={Mobilization of Pentachlorophenol by GlutathioneS-Transferase μ Increases Cellular Toxicity}, volume={54}, ISSN={0048-3575}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pest.1996.0010}, DOI={10.1006/pest.1996.0010}, abstractNote={Abstract Glutathione S -transferases (GSTs) are a class of proteins that have intracellular binding and sequestration, as well as catalytic, capabilities. This study investigated the role of GSTs in the intracellular mobilization of pentachlorophenol (PCP). A single mouse GST isoform, GST μ , specifically and competitively bound PCP with a k i = 7 μ M with respect to the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), yet did not metabolize PCP. Instead, the binding of GST μ to PCP resulted in the partitioning of PCP from lipid to aqueous compartments. The physiological significance of the mobilization was then investigated using two mouse hepatocyte cell lines that differ significantly in their expression of GST μ . These cells were treated with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) to induce GST μ and provided several levels of GST μ expression. The toxicity of PCP to these cells based on trypan blue dye exclusion was assessed, which demonstrated a significant correlation between GST μ levels within the cell and PCP toxicity. The BHA-treated, high GST μ expressor cells were approximately 40% more sensitive to PCP toxicity than were the untreated low GST μ expressors, suggesting that GST μ was acting to make PCP more bioavailable to elicit toxicity. Furthermore, the increase in toxicity was not due to a difference in PCP accumulation or in GST metabolism by the cells. These results suggest that GST μ may increase the cellular toxicity of PCP by mobilizing this lipophilic compound within the cell.}, number={1}, journal={Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Bain, Lisa J. and LeBlanc, Gerald A.}, year={1996}, month={Jan}, pages={65–72} }