@article{whittier_horne_slenning_loomis_stoskopf_2004, title={Comparison of storage methods for reverse-transcriptase PCR amplification of rotavirus RNA from gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla) fecal samples}, volume={116}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Virological Methods}, author={Whittier, C. A. and Horne, W. and Slenning, B. and Loomis, M. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={17-} } @article{kalema-zikusoka_horne_levine_loomis_2003, title={Comparison of the cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine- butorphanol-ketamine and medetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam in patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas)}, volume={34}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Kalema-Zikusoka, G. and Horne, W. A. and Levine, J. and Loomis, M. R.}, year={2003}, pages={47–52} } @article{williams_glenn_levine_horne_2003, title={Comparison of the efficacy and cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine-based anesthetic protocols in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)}, volume={34}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Williams, C. V. and Glenn, K. M. and Levine, J. F. and Horne, W. A.}, year={2003}, pages={163–170} } @article{helton_kojetin_cavanagh_horne_2002, title={Alternative splicing of a beta(4) subunit proline-rich motif regulates voltage-dependent gating and toxin block of Ca(v)2.1 Ca2+ channels}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1523/jneurosci.22-21-09331.2002}, abstractNote={Ca2+ channel β subunits modify α1 subunit gating properties through direct interactions with intracellular linker domains. In a previous report (Helton and Horne, 2002), we showed that alternative splicing of the β4 subunit had α1 subunit subtype-specific effects on Ca2+ channel activation and fast inactivation. We extend these findings in the present report to include effects on slow inactivation and block by the peptide toxin ω-conotoxin (CTx)-MVIIC. N-terminal deletion and site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that the effects of alternative splicing on toxin block and all aspects of gating could be attributed to a proline-rich motif found within N-terminal β4b amino acids 10–20. Interestingly, this motif is conserved within the third postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95)/Discs large/zona occludens-1 domain of the distantly related membrane-associated guanylate kinase homolog, PSD-95. Sequence identity of ∼30% made possible the building of β4a and β4bthree-dimensional structural models using PSD-95 as the target sequence. The models (1) reveal that alternative splicing of the β4 N terminus results in dramatic differences in surface charge distribution and (2) localize the proline-rich motif of β4b to an extended arm structure that flanks what would be the equivalent of a highly modified PSD-95 carboxylate binding loop. Northern blot analysis revealed a markedly different pattern of distribution for β4a versus β4bin the human CNS. Whereas β4a is distributed throughout evolutionarily older regions of the CNS, β4b is concentrated heavily in the forebrain. These results raise interesting questions about the functional role that alternative splicing of the β4 subunit has played in the evolution of complex neural networks.}, number={21}, journal={Journal of Neuroscience}, author={Helton, T. D. and Kojetin, D. J. and Cavanagh, J. and Horne, W. A.}, year={2002}, pages={9331–9339} } @article{helton_horne_2002, title={Alternative splicing of the beta(4) subunit has alpha(1) subunit subtype-specific effects on Ca2+ channel gating}, volume={22}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Neuroscience}, author={Helton, T. D. and Horne, W. A.}, year={2002}, pages={1573–1582} } @article{larsen_loomis_kelly_sladky_stoskopf_horne_2002, title={Cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine-butorphanol, medetomidine-butorphanol-diazepam, and medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine in captive red wolves (Canis rufus).}, volume={33}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Larsen, R. S. and Loomis, M. R. and Kelly, B. T. and Sladky, K. K. and Stoskopf, M. K. and Horne, W. A.}, year={2002}, pages={101–107} } @article{chittick_stamper_beasley_lewbart_horne_2002, title={Medetomidine, ketamine, and sevoflurane for anesthesia for injured loggerhead sea turtles: 13 cases (1996-2000)}, volume={221}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2002.221.1019}, abstractNote={AbstractObjective—To determine safety and efficacy of an anesthetic protocol incorporating medetomidine, ketamine, and sevoflurane for anesthesia of injured loggerhead sea turtles.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—13 loggerhead sea turtles.Procedure—Anesthesia was induced with medetomidine (50 µg/kg [22.7 µg/lb], IV) and ketamine (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], IV) and maintained with sevoflurane (0.5 to 2.5%) in oxygen. Sevoflurane was delivered with a pressure-limited intermittent-flow ventilator. Heart rate and rhythm, end-tidal partial pressure of CO2, and cloacal temperature were monitored continuously; venous blood gas analyses were performed intermittently. Administration of sevoflurane was discontinued 30 to 60 minutes prior to the end of the surgical procedure. Atipamezole (0.25 mg/kg [0.11 mg/lb], IV) was administered at the end of surgery.Results—Median induction time was 11 minutes (range, 2 to 40 minutes; n = 11). Median delivered sevoflurane concentrations 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after intubation were 2.5 (n = 12), 1.5 (12), 1.25 (12), and 0.5% (8), respectively. Heart rate decreased during surgery to a median value of 15 beats/min (n = 11). End-tidal partial pressure of CO2ranged from 2 to 16 mm Hg (n = 8); median blood gas values were within reference limits. Median time from atipamezole administration to extubation was 14 minutes (range, 2 to 84 minutes; n = 7).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a combination of medetomidine and ketamine for induction and sevoflurane for maintenance provides safe, effective, controllable anesthesia in injured loggerhead sea turtles. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1019–1025)}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Chittick, EJ and Stamper, MA and Beasley, JF and Lewbart, GA and Horne, WA}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={1019–1025} } @article{horne_tchamba_loomis_2001, title={A simple method of providing intermittent positive-pressure ventilation to etorphine-immobilized elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the field}, volume={32}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Horne, W. A. and Tchamba, M. N. and Loomis, M. R.}, year={2001}, pages={519–522} } @article{chittick_horne_wolfe_sladky_loomis_2001, title={Cardiopulmonary assessment of medetomidine, ketamine, and butorphanol anesthesia in captive Thomson's gazelles (Gazella thomsoni)}, volume={32}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Chittick, E. and Horne, W. and Wolfe, B. and Sladky, K. and Loomis, M.}, year={2001}, pages={168–175} } @article{krovetz_helton_crews_horne_2000, title={C-terminal alternative splicing changes the gating properties of a human spinal cord calcium channel alpha 1A subunit}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1523/jneurosci.20-20-07564.2000}, abstractNote={The calcium channel α1Asubunit gene codes for proteins with diverse structure and function. This diversity may be important for fine tuning neurotransmitter release at central and peripheral synapses. The α1AC terminus, which serves a critical role in processing information from intracellular signaling molecules, is capable of undergoing extensive alternative splicing. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which C-terminal alternative splicing affects some of the fundamental biophysical properties of α1Asubunits. Specifically, the biophysical properties of two alternatively spliced α1Asubunits were compared. One variant was identical to an isoform identified previously in human brain, and the other was a novel isoform isolated from human spinal cord. The variants differed by two amino acids (NP) in the extracellular linker between transmembrane segments IVS3 and IVS4 and in two C-terminal regions encoded by exons 37 and 44. Expression inXenopusoocytes demonstrated that the two variants were similar with respect to current–voltage relationships and the voltage dependence of steady-state activation and inactivation. However, the rates of activation, inactivation, deactivation, and recovery from inactivation were all significantly slower for the spinal cord variant. A chimeric strategy demonstrated that the inclusion of the sequence encoded by exon 44 specifically affects the rate of inactivation. These findings demonstrate that C-terminal structural changes alone can influence the way in which α1Asubunits respond to a depolarizing stimulus and add to the developing picture of the C terminus as a critical domain in the regulation of Ca2+channel function.}, number={20}, journal={Journal of Neuroscience}, author={Krovetz, H. S. and Helton, T. D. and Crews, A. L. and Horne, W. A.}, year={2000}, pages={7564–7570} } @article{sladky_kelly_loomis_stoskopf_horne_2000, title={Cardiorespiratory effects of four alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist-ketamine combinations in captive red wolves}, volume={217}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2000.217.1366}, abstractNote={AbstractObjective—To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of immobilizing doses of xylazine-ketamine (XK), medetomidine-ketamine (MK), medetomidine-ketamine- acepromazine (MKA), and medetomidine-butorphanol- ketamine (MBK) in captive red wolves.Design—Prospective study.Animals—32 adult captive red wolves.Procedure—Wolves were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: XK, MK, MKA, or MBK. Physiologic variables measured included heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, tidal volume, oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (SpO2), end-tidal CO2, arterial blood gases, and rectal temperature. Induction time, muscle relaxation, and quality of recovery were assessed.Results—Heart rates were lower in wolves in the MBK group than for the other groups. All 4 drug combinations induced considerable hypertension, with diastolic pressures exceeding 116 mm Hg. Blood pressure was lowest in wolves receiving the MBK combination. Respiratory rate was significantly higher in wolves receiving XK, MK, and MKA. Tidal volumes were similar for all groups. Wolves receiving XK, MK, and MKA were well-oxygenated throughout the procedure (SpO2> 93%), whereas those receiving MBK were moderately hypoxemic (87% < SpO2 < 93%) during the first 20 minutes of the procedure. Hyperthermia was detected initially following induction in all groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The α2- adrenoceptor agonist-ketamine combinations provide rapid reversible anesthesia for red wolves but cause severe sustained hypertension. Such an adverse effect puts animals at risk for development of cerebral encephalopathy, retinal hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, and myocardial failure. Although the MBK combination offers some advantages over the others, it is advised that further protocol refinements be made to minimize risks associated with acute hypertension. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1366–1371)}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Sladky, KK and Kelly, BT and Loomis, MR and Stoskopf, MK and Horne, WA}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={1366–1371} } @article{harms_kennedy-stoskopf_horne_fuller_tompkins_2000, title={Cloning and sequencing hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops) transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and development of a reverse transcription quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (RT-qcPCR) assay to measure TGF-β mRNA of teleost fish}, volume={10}, ISSN={1050-4648}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fsim.1999.0230}, DOI={10.1006/fsim.1999.0230}, abstractNote={A transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta was isolated and cloned from hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops) anterior kidney mononuclear cells. This isolate (Genbank accession number AF140363) contains an open reading frame of 1146 bases coding for a 382 amino acid protein most similar to rainbow trout TGF-beta (57.3 and 78.6% identity with precursor and active protein, respectively) and rat TGF-beta 1 (41.1 and 68.8% identity with precursor and active protein, respectively). Consensus primers were demonstrated to amplify specifically by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a TGF-beta segment from 14 species of teleost fish comprising 10 taxonomic families in 7 orders. A reverse transcription quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (RT-qcPCR) assay was devised to measure TGF-beta mRNA expression in teleost fish. Higher levels of TGF-beta mRNA expression were detected in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood than from spleen or anterior kidney.}, number={1}, journal={Fish & Shellfish Immunology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Harms, C.A and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S and Horne, W.A and Fuller, F.J and Tompkins, W.A.F}, year={2000}, month={Jan}, pages={61–85} } @article{sladky_horne_goodrowe_stoskopf_loomis_harms_2000, title={Evaluation of epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)}, volume={39}, number={6}, journal={Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science}, author={Sladky, K. K. and Horne, W. A. and Goodrowe, K. L. and Stoskopf, M. K. and Loomis, M. R. and Harms, C. A.}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={33–38} } @article{harms_sladky_horne_stoskopf, title={Epidural analgesia in ferrets}, volume={4}, ISBN={1521-1363}, number={3}, journal={Exotic DVM}, author={Harms, C. A. and Sladky, K. K. and Horne, W. A. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, pages={40–42} }