@article{alpi_brown_neel_grindem_linder_harper_2016, title={Scanning technology selection impacts acceptability and usefulness of image-rich content}, volume={104}, ISSN={["1536-5050"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84955278757&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3163/1536-5050.104.1.003}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
Clinical and research usefulness of articles can depend on image quality. This study addressed whether scans of figures in black and white (B&W), grayscale, or color, or portable document format (PDF) to tagged image file format (TIFF) conversions as provided by interlibrary loan or document delivery were viewed as acceptable or useful by radiologists or pathologists.


METHODS
Residency coordinators selected eighteen figures from studies from radiology, clinical pathology, and anatomic pathology journals. With original PDF controls, each figure was prepared in three or four experimental conditions: PDF conversion to TIFF, and scans from print in B&W, grayscale, and color. Twelve independent observers indicated whether they could identify the features and whether the image quality was acceptable. They also ranked all the experimental conditions of each figure in terms of usefulness.


RESULTS
Of 982 assessments of 87 anatomic pathology, 83 clinical pathology, and 77 radiology images, 471 (48%) were unidentifiable. Unidentifiability of originals (4%) and conversions (10%) was low. For scans, unidentifiability ranged from 53% for color, to 74% for grayscale, to 97% for B&W. Of 987 responses about acceptability (n=405), 41% were said to be unacceptable, 97% of B&W, 66% of grayscale, 41% of color, and 1% of conversions. Hypothesized order (original, conversion, color, grayscale, B&W) matched 67% of rankings (n=215).


CONCLUSIONS
PDF to TIFF conversion provided acceptable content. Color images are rarely useful in grayscale (12%) or B&W (less than 1%). Acceptability of grayscale scans of noncolor originals was 52%. Digital originals are needed for most images. Print images in color or grayscale should be scanned using those modalities.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION}, author={Alpi, Kristine M. and Brown, James C., Jr. and Neel, Jennifer A. and Grindem, Carol B. and Linder, Keith E. and Harper, James B.}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={15–23} }
 @article{seiler_brown_reetz_taeymans_bucknoff_rossi_ohlerth_alder_rademacher_drost_et al._2013, title={Safety of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in dogs and cats: 488 cases (2002-2011)}, volume={242}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Seiler, G. S. and Brown, J. C. and Reetz, J. A. and Taeymans, O. and Bucknoff, M. and Rossi, F. and Ohlerth, S. and Alder, D. and Rademacher, N. and Drost, T. and et al.}, year={2013}, pages={1255–1259} }
 @article{palerme_brown_marks_birkenheuer_2013, title={Splenosystemic Shunts in Cats: A Retrospective of 33 Cases (2004-2011)}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12188}, abstractNote={BackgroundPortosystemic shunts are uncommonly reported in cats. The majority of reports describe congenital shunts in young cats originating from the left gastric vein. Although they are only rarely reported, acquired portosystemic shunts in cats appear to be more variable in their anatomic location.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Palerme, J-S. and Brown, J. C. and Marks, S. L. and Birkenheuer, A. J.}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={1347–1353} }
 @article{fields_robertson_osborne_brown_2012, title={COMPARISON OF ABDOMINAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND IN SEDATED DOGS}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01949.x}, abstractNote={Abdominal ultrasound (US) is used frequently as a first‐line screening tool for abdominal disease. Although computed tomography (CT) is superior to US in the diagnosis of some abdominal diseases, a major impediment is the requirement of general anesthesia to prevent motion and for safe restraint. With multidetector helical CT, faster examinations allow general anesthesia to be avoided, while producing diagnostic‐quality images. Abdominal US and CT were compared for lesion detection in 27 sedated dogs, divided into three even groups based on body weight. Lesions were categorized further as to subjective clinical relevance. In dogs less than 25 kg, there is no significant difference in lesion detection between CT and US. In dogs weighing greater than 25 kg, more lesions were detected with CT than with US (P = 0.0001), including clinically relevant lesions (P = 0.0277). From these results, it appears that CT has an advantage in lesion detection in dogs greater than 25 kg, making it a better screening test for abdominal disease in these patients.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Fields, Erica L. and Robertson, Ian D. and Osborne, Jason A. and Brown, James C., Jr.}, year={2012}, pages={513–517} }
 @article{fields_robertson_brown_2012, title={OPTIMIZATION OF CONTRAST-ENHANCED MULTIDETECTOR ABDOMINAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN SEDATED CANINE PATIENTS}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01950.x}, abstractNote={A major disadvantage of computed tomography for abdominal screening in dogs has been the need for general anesthesia to prevent motion artifacts. With multidetector helical CT, it is possible to decrease examination time, allowing patients to be scanned under sedation. It is also desirable to decrease tube loading to prolong x‐ray tube life. To develop a protocol that will allow for examination of sedated patients with minimal image artifacts, milliamperage (mA) and helical pitch were varied, providing 16 experimental scan protocols. A standard clinical protocol was also tested, providing 17 protocols for evaluation. These protocols were tested, using a standard CT phantom, canine tissues in a water bath, and a canine cadaver. The cadaver images were scored semiquantitatively by three reviewers to determine the protocol with the best combination of speed and minimal image artifact. The optimized protocol was then applied to 27 sedated canine patients of three body weight categories. The images obtained were compared to the standard protocol by two reviewers for presence of motion, streak, and quantum mottle artifacts. There was significantly more streak artifact noted by one observer using the optimized study protocol, but no significant difference in any other category. Scanning under sedation was well tolerated in all patients, and sedated CT examination is a promising tool for screening abdominal disease in dogs.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Fields, Erica L. and Robertson, Ian D. and Brown, James C., Jr.}, year={2012}, pages={507–512} }
 @article{freire_robertson_bondell_brown_hash_pease_lascelles_2011, title={RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF FELINE APPENDICULAR DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE VS. MACROSCOPIC APPEARANCE OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01803.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01803.x}, abstractNote={Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is common in domesticated cats. Our purpose was to describe how radiographic findings thought to indicate feline DJD relate to macroscopic cartilage degeneration in appendicular joints. Thirty adult cats euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study were evaluated. Orthogonal digital radiographs of the elbow, tarsus, stifle, and coxofemoral joints were evaluated for the presence of DJD. The same joints were dissected for visual inspection of changes indicative of DJD and macroscopic cartilage damage was graded using a Total Cartilage Damage Score. When considering all joints, there was statistically significant fair correlation between cartilage damage and the presence of osteophytes and joint‐associated mineralizations, and the subjective radiographic DJD score. Most correlations were statistically significant when looking at the different joints individually, but only the correlation between the presence of osteophytes and the subjective radiographic DJD score with the presence of cartilage damage in the elbow and coxofemoral joints had a value above 0.4 (moderate correlation). The joints most likely to have cartilage damage without radiographic evidence of DJD are the stifle (71% of radiographically normal joints) followed by the coxofemoral joint (57%), elbow (57%), and tarsal joint (46%). Our data support radiographic findings not relating well to cartilage degeneration, and that other modalities should be evaluated to aid in making a diagnosis of feline DJD.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Freire, Mila and Robertson, Ian and Bondell, Howard D. and Brown, James and Hash, Jon and Pease, Anthony P. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2011}, pages={239–247} }
 @article{brown_chanoit_reeder_2010, title={Complex extrahepatic portocaval shunt with unusual caval features in a cat: Computed tomographic characterisation}, volume={51}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Small Animal Practice}, author={Brown, J. C. and Chanoit, G. and Reeder, J.}, year={2010}, pages={227–230} }
 @article{freire_brown_robertson_pease_hash_hunter_simpson_sumrell_lascelles_2010, title={Meniscal Mineralization in Domestic Cats}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00648.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00648.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To (1) determine prevalence of radiographically detectable meniscal mineralization in domestic cats and (2) to evaluate the association between meniscal mineralization and degenerative joint disease (DJD).


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective study.


ANIMALS
Client-owned cats (n=100) and 30 feline cadavers.


METHODS
Randomly selected client-owned cats were used to determine the prevalence of meniscal mineralization. Stifles from feline cadavers were used to evaluate the relationship between meniscal mineralization (using high-resolution X-ray), radiographic DJD, and cartilage damage. Menisci were evaluated histologically.


RESULTS
Forty-six percent of the client-owned cats had meniscal mineralization detected in 1 or both stifles. Pain scores were not significantly different between stifles with meniscal mineralization and those with no radiographic pathology (P=.38). Thirty-four of 57 cadaver stifles had meniscal mineralization, which was always located in the cranial horn of the medial meniscus. Percentage mineralization of the menisci was significantly correlated with the cartilage damage score of the medial femoral (r(2)=0.6; P<.0001) and tibial (r(2)=0.5; P<.0001) condyles as well as with the total joint cartilage damage (r(2)=0.36; P<.0001) score and DJD score (r(2)=0.8; P<.0001).


CONCLUSION
Meniscal mineralization is a common condition in domestic cats and seems to indicate medial compartment DJD.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Clinical significance of meniscal mineralization is uncertain. Further work is needed to determine if the meniscal mineralization is a cause, or a consequence of joint degeneration.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Freire, Mila and Brown, James and Robertson, Ian D. and Pease, Anthony P. and Hash, Jonathan and Hunter, Stuart and Simpson, Wendy and Sumrell, Andrea Thomson and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={545–552} }
 @article{montgomery_mathews_marcellin-little_hendrick_brown, title={Comparison of radiography and computed tomography for determining tracheal diameter and length in dogs}, volume={44}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, author={Montgomery, J. E. and Mathews, K. G. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Hendrick, S. and Brown, J. C.}, pages={114–118} }