@article{bradham_beck_thompson_barker_montero_deaton_2011, title={Analytical techniques for measuring toxic industrial chemicals in CBRN boot materials}, volume={11}, number={6}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Bradham, A. E. and Beck, K. R. and Thompson, D. B. and Barker, R. L. and Montero, G. A. and Deaton, A. S.}, year={2011}, pages={67–72} }
 @article{chung_ingle_montero_kim_king_2010, title={Bioresorbable elastomeric vascular tissue engineering scaffolds via melt spinning and electrospinning}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1878-7568"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.007}, abstractNote={Current surgical therapy for diseased vessels less than 6mm in diameter involves bypass grafting with autologous arteries or veins. Although this surgical practice is common, it has significant limitations and complications, such as occlusion, intimal hyperplasia and compliance mismatch. As a result, cardiovascular biomaterials research has been motivated to develop tissue-engineered blood vessel substitutes. In this study, vascular tissue engineering scaffolds were fabricated using two different approaches, namely melt spinning and electrospinning. Small diameter tubes were fabricated from an elastomeric bioresorbable 50:50 poly(l-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) copolymer having dimensions of 5mm in diameter and porosity of over 75%. Scaffolds electrospun from two different solvents, acetone and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol were compared in terms of their morphology, mechanical properties and cell viability. Overall, the mechanical properties of the prototype tubes exceeded the transverse tensile values of natural arteries of similar caliber. In addition to spinning the polymer separately into melt-spun and electrospun constructs, the approach in this study has successfully demonstrated that these two techniques can be combined to produce double-layered tubular scaffolds containing both melt-spun macrofibers (<200microm in diameter) and electrospun submicron fibers (>400nm in diameter). Since the vascular wall has a complex multilayered architecture and unique mechanical properties, there remain several significant challenges before a successful tissue-engineered artery is achieved.}, number={6}, journal={ACTA BIOMATERIALIA}, author={Chung, Sangwon and Ingle, Nilesh P. and Montero, Gerardo A. and Kim, Soo Hyun and King, Martin W.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={1958–1967} }
 @article{kim_montero_habibi_hinestroza_genzer_argyropoulos_rojas_2009, title={Dispersion of Cellulose Crystallites by Nonionic Surfactants in a Hydrophobic Polymer Matrix}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1548-2634"]}, DOI={10.1002/pen.21417}, abstractNote={Cellulose nanoparticles obtained by acid hydrolysis of cellulose paper were used to reinforce polystyrene composite films. The nonionic surfactant sorbitan monostearate was utilized to improve the dispersion properties of the hydrophilic cellulose in hydrophobic matrix and to prevent the formation of aggregates. Turbidity tests were used to measure dispersion stability of the cellulose crystallites in the hydrophobic solvent used in the composite manufacture. A correlation was found between the dispersion stability in solvent and the formation of aggregates in the polymeric composites. Nanocomposite films were processed using a casting/evaporation technique. Thermal and mechanical properties of processed composites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamical mechanical analyses (DMA), respectively. The results showed that the optimum addition of surfactant produced better dispersion of the cellulose particles in the polystyrene matrix and improved the mechanical properties of the resulting composite due to an enhanced compatibility. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 49:2054–2061, 2009. a 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers}, number={10}, journal={POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE}, author={Kim, Jooyoun and Montero, Gerardo and Habibi, Youssef and Hinestroza, Juan P. and Genzer, Jan and Argyropoulos, Dimitris S. and Rojas, Orlando J.}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={2054–2061} }
 @article{rojas_montero_habibi_2009, title={Electrospun Nanocomposites from Polystyrene Loaded with Cellulose Nanowhiskers}, volume={113}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.30011}, abstractNote={Composite microfibers from polystyrene and cellulose nanowhiskers were produced by electrospin- ning. The morphology of the microfibers was examined by using scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Surface porosity, unique ribbon-shapes, and the presence of twists along the fiber axis were observed in the compos- ite microfibers. Thermomechanical properties of processed nanocomposites were studied by differential scanning cal- orimetry and dynamical mechanical analyses. The reinforc- ing effect of cellulose nanowhiskers was confirmed as the glassy modulus of electrospun microfibers increased with nanowhisker load. This effect is explained to be the result of mechanical percolation of cellulose nanowhiskers form- ing a stiff and continuous network held by hydrogen bonding. It is demonstrated that cellulose nanoparticles can be used effectively to reinforce hydrophobic matrices and to produce unique structural properties, enabling new functionalities and properties. V C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 927-935, 2009}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Rojas, Orlando J. and Montero, Gerardo A. and Habibi, Youssef}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={927–935} }
 @article{chung_moghe_montero_kim_king_2009, title={Nanofibrous scaffolds electrospun from elastomeric biodegradable poly(L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) copolymer}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1748-605X"]}, DOI={10.1088/1748-6041/4/1/015019}, abstractNote={Electrospinning has recently received much attention in biomedical applications, and has shown great potential as a novel scaffold fabrication method for tissue engineering. The nano scale diameter of the fibers produced and the structure of the web resemble certain supramolecular features of extracellular matrix which is favorable for cell attachment, growth and proliferation. There are various parameters that can alter the electrospinning process, and varying one or more of these conditions will result in producing different nanofibrous webs. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of material variables and process variables on the morphology of electrospun 50:50 poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) nanofibrous structures. The morphology of the nanofibers produced was strongly influenced by parameters such as the flow rate of the polymer solution, the electrospinning voltage and the solution concentration. The diameter was found to increase with solution concentration in a direct linear relationship. Finally, it has been successfully demonstrated that by increasing the rotation speed of the collector mandrel, the alignment of the fibers can be controlled in a preferred direction. These findings contribute to determining the functional conditions to electrospin this biodegradable elastomeric copolymer which has potential as a scaffold material for vascular tissue engineering.}, number={1}, journal={BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS}, author={Chung, Sangwon and Moghe, Ajit K. and Montero, Gerardo A. and Kim, Soo Hyun and King, Martin W.}, year={2009}, month={Feb} }
 @article{figueroa_hinks_montero_2006, title={A heterogeneous kinetic model for the cutinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of cyclo-tris-ethylene terephthalate}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1520-6033"]}, DOI={10.1021/bp050309s}, abstractNote={The kinetics of enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the polyester oligomer cyclo‐tris‐ethylene terephthalate, commonly known as cyclic trimer, using a developmental cutinase is reported. The effect of substrate surface area and enzyme concentration, in a largely aqueous medium, on the rate of hydrolysis was measured via spectrophotometric measurement using high performance liquid chromatography (λ 254 nm) at 60 °C in a glycine buffer (pH 8). The rate was strongly dependent on the substrateapos;s surface characteristics. When the substrate surface area was relatively small and the substrate was relatively low in crystallinity, the reaction followed zero order kinetics, whereas a first order rate constant was obtained when the substrate surface area was increased considerably and the crystallinity was relatively high.}, number={4}, journal={BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS}, author={Figueroa, Yalitza and Hinks, David and Montero, Gerardo}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={1209–1214} }
 @article{hinks_rafiq_price_montero_smith_2003, title={A comparison of vapour pressure measurements of quinizarin and leucoquinizarin via transpiration and thermogravimetry}, volume={119}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2003.tb00155.x}, abstractNote={The vapour pressure of solids can be obtained using a number of methods, including the Knudsen effusion method, the Knudsen torque-effusion method and a transpiration method. Each method has benefits and disadvantages. Reported is a comparison of vapour pressure data for two compounds, quinizarin and leuco-quinizarin, using a transpiration method and a recently developed method based on thermogravimetry. Thermogravimetry provided vapour pressure-temperature dependence data for each compound with expediency and in agreement with the transpiration method.}, number={2}, journal={Coloration Technology}, author={Hinks, D. and Rafiq, M. I. and Price, D. M. and Montero, G. A. and Smith, B.}, year={2003}, pages={84–90} }
 @article{hooker_hinks_montero_icherenska_2003, title={Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) cyclic trimer}, volume={89}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.11963}, abstractNote={Oligoesters present in poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers are commonly extracted from the fiber during processing, such as aqueous-based dyeing. Aqueous, insoluble oligoesters, particularly cyclic trimers that precipitate on processing machinery and on the fiber surface are difficult to remove under benign conditions. Reported is a new method for the efficient removal of cyclic trimer by enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis. Almost complete hydrolysis of trimer was accomplished at pH 8 and 60°C. Effects of time, agitation, surfactant, and enzyme and trimer concentrations on the efficiency of hydrolysis are reported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2545–2552, 2003}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Hooker, J and Hinks, D and Montero, G and Icherenska, M}, year={2003}, month={Aug}, pages={2545–2552} }
 @misc{hendrix_montero_smith_butcher_2003, title={Method for introducing dyes and other chemicals into a textile treatment system}, volume={6,615,620}, number={2003 Sept. 9}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Hendrix, W. A. and Montero, G. A. and Smith, C. B. and Butcher, D. L.}, year={2003} }
 @article{montero_hinks_hooker_2003, title={Reducing problems of cyclic trimer deposits in supercritical carbon dioxide polyester dyeing machinery}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0896-8446"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0896-8446(02)00187-0}, abstractNote={The present paper describes an alternative procedure for the reduction or elimination of oligomeric polyester residues, in particular the cyclic trimer (CTR), in supercritical fluids (SCFs). Polyethylene terephthalate is the largest, (by volume) man-made synthetic fiber produced in the world owing to its favorable properties, such as durability, strength, stability during heat setting, abrasion resistance, and resistance to sunlight, acids, alkalis, and bleaches. In addition, polyester fibers have very good crease recovery and are durable to washing. Because of these characteristics, polyester has many important uses including home furnishings, apparel fabrics, automotive interior fabrics, and carpeting (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 39 (2000) 4806). Due to the large volume of polyester dyed, fundamental research has given attention to alternatives for conventional aqueous processes. The application of SCFs, especially supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), in the textile industry has recently become an alternative technology for developing a more environmentally friendly dyeing process. SCF dyeing technology has the potential to overcome several environmental and technical issues in many commercial textile applications such as yarn preparation, dyeing and finishing. SCFs represent a potentially unique media for either transporting chemical into or out of a polymeric substrate, because of their thermo-physical and transport properties. SCFs exhibit gas-like viscosities and diffusivities and liquid-like densities. Carbon dioxide is appealing for use as a SCF because it is inexpensive, non-toxic, non-flammable, environmentally friendly, and chemically inert under many conditions (J. Org. Chem. 49 (1984) 5097). In order to improve efficiency and address some of the environmental concerns with SCF technology, researchers at North Carolina State University (NCSU), College of Textiles, have constructed a single-package-pilot-plant system for dyeing polyester using SC-CO2. Based in part on data gathered from this investigation, the technical and economic feasibility of this process has been demonstrated and SCF dyeing appears to be on the leading edge of emerging technologies. However, it has been shown that the removal of precipitated oligomers mainly from the inside walls of all parts of the dyeing machine (i.e. vessels, spindle tube, sight glasses, valves, tubing, and fittings) is highly desirable. Experimental pressure measurements across a few sections of the SC-CO2 dyeing machine show that significant pressure losses can occur where oligomer, predominately CTR, builds up. Consequently, the maximum CO2 volume flow rate in the dyeing machine can decrease 30–35% (Conf. Eng. Note (1998); Conf. Eng. Note (1999)). A preliminary investigation shows that highly insoluble CTR has a reduced affinity to adhere to these stainless steel surfaces at higher SC-CO2 pressure. Although the knowledge and expertise base in this new textile research area has been increased considerably, an economic removal procedure for CTR in SC-CO2 machinery has not been found (Proc. 6th Conf. Supercrit. Fluids Appl. (2001) 571).}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS}, author={Montero, G and Hinks, D and Hooker, J}, year={2003}, month={May}, pages={47–54} }
 @article{hooker_hinks_montero_conlee_2002, title={Synthesis of N,N-diethyl-N-{4-[(E)-(4- nitrophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}amine via in situ diazotisation and coupling in supercritical carbon dioxide}, volume={118}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2002.tb00110.x}, abstractNote={The synthesis of azo dyes via a conventional aqueous-based diazotisation and coupling reaction requires the use of relatively high concentrations of mineral acids, which leads to high electrolyte concentrations in wastewater. Reported in this paper is an environmentally benign one-pot method for the synthesis of a nonionic azo dye, N,N-diethyl-N-{4-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}amine, in supercritical carbon dioxide without using a mineral acid. The product yield increased significantly with temperature, with 91% theoretical yield afforded at 80 °C. The pressure of the system had little influence on product yield.}, number={6}, journal={Coloration Technology}, author={Hooker, J. and Hinks, D. and Montero, G. and Conlee, C.}, year={2002}, pages={273–276} }
 @misc{hendrix_montero_smith_butcher_2001, title={Method for introducing dyes and other chemicals into a textile treatment system}, volume={6,261,326}, number={2001 July 17}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Hendrix, W. A. and Montero, G. A. and Smith, C. B. and Butcher, D. L.}, year={2001} }
 @article{stauffer_venditti_gilbert_kadla_chernyak_montero_2001, title={Supercritical carbon dioxide dewaxing of old corrugated containers}, volume={81}, ISSN={["0021-8995"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.1533}, abstractNote={Wax-coated old corrugated containers (OCC) are not part of the paper recycling stream because a process to remove the wax coating is not presently available. Residual waxes influence fiber–fiber bonding, reducing the paper properties of recycled OCC as well as the paper machine operating efficiency. A procedure to dewax OCC is a major objective of the paper industry. Here we describe a novel process to quantitatively dewax OCC by using supercritical carbon dioxide to remove the wax. The results obtained for the extraction of both saturated and curtain-coated waxed containers are reported and compared with Soxhlet extraction with hexane. Quantitative removal of the waxes was obtained under a variety of operating conditions. Gas chromatographic analysis of the extracted paraffin wax shows that supercritical fluid extraction does not chemically alter the paraffin wax, indicating the recovered wax may be recycled. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1107–1114, 2001}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Stauffer, TC and Venditti, RA and Gilbert, RD and Kadla, JF and Chernyak, Y and Montero, GA}, year={2001}, month={Aug}, pages={1107–1114} }
 @misc{smith_montero_hendrix_2000, title={Method of dyeing hydrophobic textile fibers with colorant materials in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide}, volume={6,048,369}, number={2000 Apr. 11}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Smith, C. B. and Montero, G. A. and Hendrix, W. A.}, year={2000} }
 @article{shannon_hendrix_smith_montero_2000, title={Modeling of supercritical fluid flow through a yarn package}, volume={19}, ISSN={["0896-8446"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0896-8446(00)00078-4}, abstractNote={Abstract Steady-state supercritical fluid flow through both isotropic and anisotropic cylindrical yarn packages is modeled as 2-D, axisymmetric flow through porous media. A numerical flow model using a finite-difference method predicts pressure and velocity profiles based on user-defined package geometry, permeability profile, and fluid properties. The use of variable permeability in the model allows simulation of typical package heterogeneities that result from radial variations and relatively denser edges usually associated with package winding. The numerical model is compared with results obtained from analytical expressions for radial flow, axial flow, and 2-D flow in an annulus of isotropic, porous material. The model is then verified using experimental pressure drop measurements for a range of supercritical CO 2 flows through polyester yarn packages. Model predictions show very good agreement with experimental data.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS}, author={Shannon, B and Hendrix, W and Smith, B and Montero, G}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={87–99} }
 @article{draper_montero_smith_beck_2000, title={Solubility relationships for disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide}, volume={45}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0143-7208(00)00008-5}, abstractNote={The solubility of ten disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was measured using a modified Suprex PrepMaster SFE apparatus and Varian Cary 3E UV–Visible spectrophotometer. These measurements were made over a pressure range of 200–400 atm, at 50–100°C. The results were combined with relevant solubility data from previous studies, and were used to develop correlations between disperse dye structures and SC-CO2 solubility.}, number={3}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Draper, SL and Montero, GA and Smith, B and Beck, K}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={177–183} }
 @article{montero_smith_hendrix_butcher_2000, title={Supercritical fluid technology in textile processing: An overview}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0888-5885"]}, DOI={10.1021/ie0002475}, abstractNote={In light of environmental concerns, the textile industry has accelerated efforts to reduce or eliminate water consumption in all areas of yarn preparation, dyeing, and finishing. Supercritical fluid dyeing technology has the potential to accomplish this objective in many commercial textile applications around the world, both at present and in the future around the world. Increased interest in this technology has made a fundamental understanding of thermophysical (equilibrium solubility) and transport (kinetics) properties of such fluids and fluid mixtures necessary. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is one of the most environmentally acceptable solvents in use today, and textile processes using it have many advantages when compared to conventional aqueous processes.1-4 Positive environmental effects range from drastically reduced water consumption to eliminating hazardous industrial effluent. Furthermore, economic benefits include increased productivity and energy savings. Successfully commercializing...}, number={12}, journal={INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH}, author={Montero, GA and Smith, CB and Hendrix, WA and Butcher, DL}, year={2000}, month={Dec}, pages={4806–4812} }