@article{vanleeuwen_darling_koch_scattergood_2011, title={Novel technique for the synthesis of ultra-fine porosity metal foam via the inclusion of condensed argon through cryogenic mechanical alloying}, volume={528}, ISSN={["1873-4936"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.msea.2010.11.057}, abstractNote={It was discovered that mechanical milling of metal powders in an ultra high purity argon atmosphere at cryogenic temperatures can result in argon being incorporated into the metal. This incorporated argon causes expansion by increasing the porosity when the material is annealed. The resulting annealed material can be classified as metal foam due to its highly porous nature. The most porous samples were measured to have nearly 50% porosity. This effect was observed in nominally pure copper and an alloy of 81 at% palladium and 19 at% zirconium.}, number={4-5}, journal={MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}, author={VanLeeuwen, Brian K. and Darling, Kristopher A. and Koch, Carl C. and Scattergood, Ron O.}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={2192–2195} }
 @article{darling_vanleeuwen_koch_scattergood_2010, title={Thermal stability of nanocrystalline Fe-Zr alloys}, volume={527}, ISSN={["1873-4936"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.msea.2010.02.043}, abstractNote={Fe–Zr nanocrystalline alloys with an as-milled grain size less than 10 nm were synthesized by ball milling. The microstructure changes due to annealing were characterized using X-ray line broadening, microhardness, focused ion beam channeling contrast imaging, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additions of 1/3 to 4 at.% Zr stabilized nanocrystalline grain sizes at elevated annealing temperatures compared to pure Fe. With 4 at.% Zr, a fully nanocrystalline microstructure with a TEM grain size of 52 nm was retained at temperatures in excess of 900 °C. Alloys with lower Zr contents showed less stability, but still significant compared to pure Fe. Bimodal nano–micro grain size microstructures were also observed.}, number={15}, journal={MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}, author={Darling, K. A. and VanLeeuwen, B. K. and Koch, C. C. and Scattergood, R. O.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={3572–3580} }
 @article{vanleeuwen_darling_koch_scattergood_butler_2010, title={Thermal stability of nanocrystalline Pd81Zr19}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1359-6454"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.actamat.2010.04.023}, abstractNote={Grain growth stability in mechanically alloyed nanocrystalline Pd81Zr19 was investigated. Previous research suggested that the alloy is thermodynamically stable to very high temperatures. When X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to estimate the grain size of annealed samples the alloy appears to have remarkable resistance to growth. Microscopy done here on the same alloy indicated that the XRD estimates are not accurate for samples annealed above 600 °C. It appears that when this alloy is annealed at high temperatures XRD peak broadening is retained for reasons that are unrelated to the grain size. The alloy still has much improved grain growth stability compared with pure Pd, but not as significant as suggested by the XRD results. A similar phenomenon was observed in Fe–Zr alloys.}, number={12}, journal={ACTA MATERIALIA}, author={VanLeeuwen, Brian K. and Darling, Kristopher A. and Koch, Carl C. and Scattergood, Ron O. and Butler, Brady G.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={4292–4297} }
 @inproceedings{koch_scattergood_vanleeuwen_darling, title={Thermodynamic stabilization of grain size in nanocrystalline metals}, volume={715-716}, booktitle={Recrystallization and grain growth iv}, author={Koch, C. C. and Scattergood, R. O. and VanLeeuwen, B. K. and Darling, K. A.}, pages={323–328} }