@article{huang_ge_eseryel_2016, title={Metaconceptually-enhanced simulation-based inquiry: effects on eighth grade students’ conceptual change and science epistemic beliefs}, volume={65}, ISSN={1042-1629 1556-6501}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S11423-016-9462-5}, DOI={10.1007/s11423-016-9462-5}, number={1}, journal={Educational Technology Research and Development}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Huang, Kun and Ge, Xun and Eseryel, Deniz}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={75–100} }
 @article{mascarelli_elmore_jenkins_alisauskas_walsh_breitschwerdt_maggi_2015, title={Vector-borne pathogens in arctic foxes, Vulpes lagopus, from Canada}, volume={99}, ISSN={0034-5288}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.12.011}, DOI={10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.12.011}, abstractNote={Because of the relatively low biodiversity within arctic ecosystems, arctic foxes, Vulpes lagopus, could serve as sentinels for the study of changes in the ecology of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular prevalence of 5 different genera of vector borne pathogens (Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Ehrlichia, and Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp.) using blood collected from 28 live-trapped arctic foxes from the region of Karrak Lake, Nunavut, Canada. Bartonella henselae (n = 3), Mycoplasma haemocanis (n = 1), Ehrlichia canis (n = 1), and an Anaplasma sp. (n = 1) DNA were PCR amplified and subsequently identified by sequencing. This study provides preliminary evidence that vector borne pathogens, not typically associated with the arctic ecosystem, exist at low levels in this arctic fox population, and that vector exposure, pathogen transmission dynamics, and changes in the geographic distribution of pathogens over time should be investigated in future studies.}, journal={Research in Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mascarelli, Patricia E. and Elmore, Stacey A. and Jenkins, Emily J. and Alisauskas, Ray T. and Walsh, Mary and Breitschwerdt, Edward B. and Maggi, Ricardo G.}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={58–59} }
 @article{bradley_mascarelli_trull_maggi_breitschwerdt_2014, title={Bartonella henselae Infections In An Owner and Two Papillon Dogs Exposed to Tropical Rat Mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti)}, volume={14}, ISSN={1530-3667 1557-7759}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2013.1492}, DOI={10.1089/vbz.2013.1492}, abstractNote={After raccoons were trapped and removed from under a house in New York, the owner and her two Papillon dogs became infested with numerous rat mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti). Two weeks later, both dogs developed pruritus, progressively severe vesicular lesions, focal areas of skin exfoliation, swelling of the vulva or prepuce, abdominal pain, and behavioral changes. Two months after the mite infestation, the owner was hospitalized because of lethargy, fatigue, uncontrollable panic attacks, depression, headaches, chills, swollen neck lymph nodes, and vesicular lesions at the mite bite sites. Due to ongoing illness, 3 months after the mite infestation, alcohol-stored mites and blood and serum from both dogs and the owner were submitted for Bartonella serology and Bartonella alpha Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture/PCR. Bartonella henselae DNA was amplified and sequenced from blood or culture specimens derived from both dogs, the owner, and pooled rat mites. Following repeated treatments with doxycycline, both dogs eventually became B. henselae seronegative and blood culture negative and clinical signs resolved. In contrast, the woman was never B. henselae seroreactive, but was again PCR positive for B. henselae 20 months after the mite infestation, despite prior treatment with doxycycline. Clinicians and vector biologists should consider the possibility that rat mites may play a role in Bartonella spp. transmission.}, number={10}, journal={Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases}, publisher={Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, author={Bradley, Julie M. and Mascarelli, Patricia E. and Trull, Chelsea L. and Maggi, Ricardo G. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={703–709} }
 @article{mascarelli_keel_yabsley_last_breitschwerdt_maggi_2014, title={Hemotropic mycoplasmas in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus)}, volume={7}, ISSN={1756-3305}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-117}, DOI={10.1186/1756-3305-7-117}, abstractNote={Hemotropic mycoplasmas are epicellular erythrocytic bacteria that can cause infectious anemia in some mammalian species. Worldwide, hemotropic mycoplasmas are emerging or re-emerging zoonotic pathogens potentially causing serious and significant health problems in wildlife. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular prevalence of hemotropic Mycoplasma species in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) with and without Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destrucans, the causative agent of white nose syndrome (WNS) that causes significant mortality events in bats.In order to establish the prevalence of hemotropic Mycoplasma species in a population of 68 little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) with (n = 53) and without (n = 15) white-nose syndrome (WNS), PCR was performed targeting the 16S rRNA gene.The overall prevalence of hemotropic Mycoplasmas in bats was 47%, with similar (p = 0.5725) prevalence between bats with WNS (49%) and without WNS (40%). 16S rDNA sequence analysis (~1,200 bp) supports the presence of a novel hemotropic Mycoplasma species with 91.75% sequence homology with Mycoplasma haemomuris. No differences were found in gene sequences generated from WNS and non-WNS animals.Gene sequences generated from WNS and non-WNS animals suggest that little brown bats could serve as a natural reservoir for this potentially novel Mycoplasma species. Currently, there is minimal information about the prevalence, host-specificity, or the route of transmission of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. among bats. Finally, the potential role of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. as co-factors in the development of disease manifestations in bats, including WNS in Myotis lucifugus, remains to be elucidated.}, number={1}, journal={Parasites & Vectors}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Mascarelli, Patricia E and Keel, Michael K and Yabsley, Michael and Last, Lisa A and Breitschwerdt, Edward B and Maggi, Ricardo G}, year={2014}, pages={117} }
 @article{breitschwerdt_goldkamp_castleman_cullen_mascarelli_thalhem_schaer_2014, title={Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Syndrome in 2 Dogs with Bartonellosis}, volume={28}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12381}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12381}, abstractNote={A 6-month-old male castrated, 21-kg Weimaraner developed seizures after surgical castration and umbilical hernia repair. Two weeks earlier, presurgical laboratory abnormalities included lymphocytosis (7,800/lL), eosinophilia (1,700/lL), monocytosis (1,200/lL), basophilia (170/lL), thrombocytosis (459,000/lL), and an elevated ALP activity (135 IU/ L). Blood glucose was 111 mg/dL. Surgery and recovery were uncomplicated, until 2 hours postoperatively when generalized tonic clonic seizures developed. Seizures continued despite 2 doses of diazepam (1.5 mL IV), so propofol (10 mg) was administered IV. Hypoglycemia was not suspected and blood glucose was not measured. The dog was transported to an emergency clinic, where laboratory abnormalities included neutrophilia (16,210/lL) and hyperphosphatemia (7.7 mg/ dL), with a normal blood glucose concentration (106 mg/dL). When transferred to a specialty hospital the following morning, the dog was dysphoric, nonambulatory, and had absent menace reflexes bilaterally. No other cranial nerve deficits or anisocoria were noted. Serum chemistry and bile acid values before (1.3 lmol/L) and after feeding (1.8 lmol/L) were within reference intervals. After intravenous administration of mannitol and phenobarbital, no additional seizures were observed, but the dog remained stuporous, with absent menace reflexes until discharged 2 days later. Phenobarbital was continued (2 mg/kg PO q12). The following morning, the dog was found salivating, minimally responsive, and recumbent. Laboratory abnormalities included hypoglycemia (glucose 25 mg/ dL), neutrophilia (12,030/lL), and monocytosis (3,290/ lL). A blood ammonia concentration (30 lmol/L) was within reference intervals. Enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg IV) and a 5% dextrose infusion were administered. The dog was fed every 2 hours and periodically determined glucose values ranged from 40 to 75 mg/dL. After transfer to a specialty hospital, hypoglycemia (59, 48, 22, 41, 23, and 40 mg/dL at 10:00 PM, 1:00, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, and 6:00 AM, respectively) persisted, despite frequent small feedings and continuous administration of 10% dextrose solution with periodic boluses. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.15 mg/kg IV) was administered, after which the dog was referred to NCSU-CVM-VTH for further evaluation. Historically purchased from a breeder in Virginia, the dog had been healthy before surgery 6 days earlier. Littermates were reportedly healthy, vaccinations current, heartworm, flea, and tick preventive medications were used routinely. The owner denied exposure of the dog to toxins such as xylitol or oral hypoglycemic drugs. At NCSU-CVM-VTH, the dog was laterally recumbent, pupils fixed, menace reflexes absent bilaterally, and blood glucose was 20 mg/dL. Hematologic abnormalities included mild microcytic, normochromic, nonregenerative anemia (PCV 32%, reticulocytes 0.44%), and monocytosis (2,129/lL). Normoglycemia (129 mg/dL) was documented after an intravenous bolus of dextrose. Serum biochemical abnormalities included hypoalbuminemia (2.4 g/dL), low SUN (4 mg/dL) and creatinine (0.3 mg/dL), hypomagnesemia (1.7 mg/dL) and hypokalemia (3.7 mmol/L), all potentially related to fluid administration, and hemodilution. Blood ammonia (11 lmol/L) and coagulation measurements were normal, except for a mildly From the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Breitschwerdt, Mascarelli); the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL (Goldkamp, Castleman, Schaer); and the Veterinary Health Complex, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Cullen, Thalhem). Corresponding author: Dr E.B. Breitschwerdt, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607; e-mail: ed_breitschwerdt@ncsu. edu. Submitted September 9, 2013; Revised January 23, 2014; Accepted April 22, 2014. Copyright © 2014 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12381 Abbreviations:}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Breitschwerdt, E.B. and Goldkamp, C. and Castleman, W.L. and Cullen, J.M. and Mascarelli, P.E. and Thalhem, L. and Schaer, M.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={1331–1335} }
 @article{hegarty_bradley_lappin_balakrishnan_mascarelli_breitschwerdt_2013, title={Analysis of Seroreactivity against Cell Culture-DerivedBartonellaspp. Antigens in Dogs}, volume={28}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12263}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12263}, abstractNote={BackgroundLittle is known about the specificity of Bartonella spp. immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assays in dogs. Bacteremia in sick dogs most often has been associated with Bartonella henselae (Bh), Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii (Bvb), and Bartonella koehlerae (Bk). Clarification of the diagnostic utility of IFA serology when testing against these organisms is needed.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Hegarty, B.C. and Bradley, J.M. and Lappin, M.R. and Balakrishnan, N. and Mascarelli, P.E. and Breitschwerdt, E.B.}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={38–41} }
 @article{maggi_ericson_mascarelli_bradley_breitschwerdt_2013, title={Bartonella henselae bacteremia in a mother and son potentially associated with tick exposure}, volume={6}, ISSN={1756-3305}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-101}, DOI={10.1186/1756-3305-6-101}, abstractNote={Bartonella henselae is a zoonotic, alpha Proteobacterium, historically associated with cat scratch disease (CSD), but more recently associated with persistent bacteremia, fever of unknown origin, arthritic and neurological disorders, and bacillary angiomatosis, and peliosis hepatis in immunocompromised patients. A family from the Netherlands contacted our laboratory requesting to be included in a research study (NCSU-IRB#1960), designed to characterize Bartonella spp. bacteremia in people with extensive arthropod or animal exposure. All four family members had been exposed to tick bites in Zeeland, southwestern Netherlands. The mother and son were exhibiting symptoms including fatigue, headaches, memory loss, disorientation, peripheral neuropathic pain, striae (son only), and loss of coordination, whereas the father and daughter were healthy.Each family member was tested for serological evidence of Bartonella exposure using B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotypes I-III, B. henselae and B. koehlerae indirect fluorescent antibody assays and for bacteremia using the BAPGM enrichment blood culture platform.The mother was seroreactive to multiple Bartonella spp. antigens and bacteremia was confirmed by PCR amplification of B. henselae DNA from blood, and from a BAPGM blood agar plate subculture isolate. The son was not seroreactive to any Bartonella sp. antigen, but B. henselae DNA was amplified from several blood and serum samples, from BAPGM enrichment blood culture, and from a cutaneous striae biopsy. The father and daughter were seronegative to all Bartonella spp. antigens, and negative for Bartonella DNA amplification.Historically, persistent B. henselae bacteremia was not thought to occur in immunocompetent humans. To our knowledge, this study provides preliminary evidence supporting the possibility of persistent B. henselae bacteremia in immunocompetent persons from Europe. Cat or flea contact was considered an unlikely source of transmission and the mother, a physician, reported that clinical symptoms developed following tick exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a B. henselae organism has been visualized in and amplified from a striae lesion. As the tick bites occurred three years prior to documentation of B. henselae bacteremia, the mode of transmission could not be determined.}, number={1}, journal={Parasites & Vectors}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Maggi, Ricardo G and Ericson, Marna and Mascarelli, Patricia E and Bradley, Julie M and Breitschwerdt, Edward B}, year={2013}, month={Apr} }
 @article{mascarelli_maggi_hopkins_mozayeni_trull_bradley_hegarty_breitschwerdt_2013, title={Bartonella henselae infection in a family experiencing neurological and neurocognitive abnormalities after woodlouse hunter spider bites}, volume={6}, ISSN={1756-3305}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-98}, DOI={10.1186/1756-3305-6-98}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Parasites & Vectors}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Mascarelli, Patricia E and Maggi, Ricardo G and Hopkins, Sarah and Mozayeni, B Robert and Trull, Chelsea L and Bradley, Julie M and Hegarty, Barbara C and Breitschwerdt, Edward B}, year={2013}, pages={98} }
 @article{maggi_mascarelli_havenga_naidoo_breitschwerdt_2013, title={Co-infection with Anaplasma platys, Bartonella henselae and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum in a veterinarian}, volume={6}, ISSN={1756-3305}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-103}, DOI={10.1186/1756-3305-6-103}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Parasites & Vectors}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Maggi, Ricardo G and Mascarelli, Patricia E and Havenga, Lauren N and Naidoo, Vinny and Breitschwerdt, Edward B}, year={2013}, pages={103} }
 @article{maggi_compton_trull_mascarelli_mozayeni_breitschwerdt_2013, title={Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasma Species in Patients with or without Extensive Arthropod or Animal Contact}, volume={51}, ISSN={0095-1137}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01125-13}, DOI={10.1128/jcm.01125-13}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Maggi, R. G. and Compton, S. M. and Trull, C. L. and Mascarelli, P. E. and Mozayeni, B. R. and Breitschwerdt, E. B.}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={3237–3241} }
 @article{davenport_mascarelli_maggi_breitschwerdt_2013, title={Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacteria Isolated from Sick Dogs Using the BAPGM Enrichment Culture Platform}, volume={27}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12094}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12094}, abstractNote={BackgroundBartonella alpha‐Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment culture has proven useful for documenting Bartonella species infection and has facilitated growth of other fastidious bacteria from human samples.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Davenport, A.C. and Mascarelli, P.E. and Maggi, R.G. and Breitschwerdt, E.B.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={854–861} }
 @article{pultorak_maggi_mascarelli_breitschwerdt_2013, title={Serial Testing from a 3-Day Collection Period by Use of the Bartonella Alphaproteobacteria Growth Medium Platform May Enhance the Sensitivity of Bartonella Species Detection in Bacteremic Human Patients}, volume={51}, ISSN={0095-1137}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00123-13}, DOI={10.1128/jcm.00123-13}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Pultorak, E. L. and Maggi, R. G. and Mascarelli, P. E. and Breitschwerdt, E. B.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={1673–1677} }
 @article{vera_maggi_woods_mascarelli_breitschwerdt_2013, title={Spontaneous onset of complex regional pain syndrome Type I in a woman infected with Bartonella koehlerae}, volume={203}, ISSN={0300-8584 1432-1831}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00430-013-0320-3}, DOI={10.1007/s00430-013-0320-3}, abstractNote={After a short-term fever, complex regional pain syndrome, characterized by hyperalgesia, intermittent swelling, erythema and cyanosis of both feet, was diagnosed in a female veterinarian. The woman was infected with Bartonella koehlerae and she was also Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii seroreactive. Having failed other treatments, symptoms resolved following initiation of antibiotics.}, number={2}, journal={Medical Microbiology and Immunology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Vera, Cristina Pérez and Maggi, Ricardo G. and Woods, Christopher W. and Mascarelli, Patricia E. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B.}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={101–107} }
 @article{breitschwerdt_mascarelli_schweickert_maggi_hegarty_bradley_woods_2011, title={Hallucinations, Sensory Neuropathy, and Peripheral Visual Deficits in a Young Woman Infected with Bartonella koehlerae}, volume={49}, ISSN={0095-1137 1098-660X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00833-11}, DOI={10.1128/jcm.00833-11}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={9}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Breitschwerdt, Edward B. and Mascarelli, Patricia E. and Schweickert, Lori A. and Maggi, Ricardo G. and Hegarty, Barbara C. and Bradley, Julie M. and Woods, Christopher W.}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={3415–3417} }
 @article{breitschwerdt_maggi_farmer_mascarelli_2010, title={Molecular Evidence of Perinatal Transmission of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and Bartonella henselae to a Child}, volume={48}, ISSN={0095-1137}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00326-10}, DOI={10.1128/jcm.00326-10}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Maggi, R. G. and Farmer, P. and Mascarelli, P. E.}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={2289–2293} }
 @article{breitschwerdt_maggi_mozayeni_hegarty_bradley_mascarelli_2010, title={PCR amplification of Bartonella koehlerae from human blood and enrichment blood cultures}, volume={3}, journal={Parasites & Vectors}, author={Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Maggi, R. G. and Mozayeni, B. R. and Hegarty, B. C. and Bradley, J. M. and Mascarelli, P. E.}, year={2010} }
 @misc{mascarelli_mcquillan_harms_harms_breitschwerdt, title={Bartonella henselae and B-koehlerae DNA in Birds}, volume={20}, number={3}, journal={Emerging Infectious Diseases}, author={Mascarelli, P. E. and McQuillan, M. and Harms, C. A. and Harms, R. V. and Breitschwerdt, E. B.}, pages={490–492} }