@article{sokolowska_hinks_freeman_2001, title={Synthesis and evaluation of organic pigments. 3. Studies based on nonmutagenic twisted benzidines}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0143-7208(00)00088-7}, abstractNote={Bis-chromophoric pigments prepared using nonmutagenic benzidine analogs with high dihedral angle across the biphenyl linkage are reported. The mutagenic properties of twisted bisazomethine, disazoacetoacetanilide, disazopyrazolone, disazobenzimidazolone and disazonaphthol pigments were established using the standard Ames Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay and the Prival modification. Results from these tests and from the evaluation of hue, color strength and photostability of the pigments prepared are reported. Some of the new pigments are potential viable alternatives to those derived from 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine and other genotoxic analogs of benzidine.}, number={1}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Sokolowska, J and Hinks, D and Freeman, HS}, year={2001}, month={Jan}, pages={15–27} }
 @article{hinks_freeman_nakpathom_sokolowska_2000, title={Synthesis and evaluation of organic pigments and intermediates. 1. Nonmutagenic benzidine analogs}, volume={44}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0143-7208(99)00078-9}, abstractNote={The design, synthesis, characterization, and genotoxicity of 4,4′ diaminobiphenyl (benzidine) analogs with substituents in the 3,3′ and/or 2,2′ positions are reported. Analogs containing bulky substituents in the 3,3′ positions significantly reduce or eliminate mutagenic activity, while substituents in the 2,2′-positions increase the dihedral angle across the biphenyl linkage––a property that can be utilized in the design of novel nonmutagenic colorants. 2,2′-Dimethylbenzidine was found to be mutagenic in both the standard Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay (Ames test) with metabolic acitivation and the preincubation assay protocol. 2,2′-Dichloro-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine, 2,2′-dimethoxy-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine and 2,2′-dimethyl-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine were nonmutagenic in both assays. The corresponding bis-acetoacetamido derivatives of the latter two compounds were also nonmutagenic. Good yields with minimal purification were obtained for certain diamines, providing potentially useful nongenotoxic intermediates in the synthesis of bisazo and bisazomethine dyes and pigments.}, number={3}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Hinks, D and Freeman, HS and Nakpathom, M and Sokolowska, J}, year={2000}, month={Feb}, pages={199–207} }
 @misc{freeman_sokolowska_1999, title={Developments in dyestuff chemistry}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.1999.tb00123.x}, abstractNote={Review of Progress in Coloration and Related TopicsVolume 29, Issue 1 p. 8-22 Developments in dyestuff chemistry Harold S Freeman, Harold S Freeman Ciba-Geigy professor at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJolanta Sokolowska, Jolanta Sokolowska Vice-dean at the Technical University of Lodz.Search for more papers by this author Harold S Freeman, Harold S Freeman Ciba-Geigy professor at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJolanta Sokolowska, Jolanta Sokolowska Vice-dean at the Technical University of Lodz.Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 October 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1999.tb00123.xCitations: 39AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. 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 @misc{freeman_hinks_sokolowska-gajda_1999, title={Organic pigments from twisted benzidines}, volume={5,965,717}, number={1999 Oct. 12}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Freeman, H. S. and Hinks, D. and Sokolowska-Gajda, J.}, year={1999} }
 @article{sokolowska-gajda_hinks_haney_freeman_tanaka_1998, title={Field desorption mass spectral analysis of some nonmutagenic benzidine-based pigments}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0143-7208(97)00116-2}, abstractNote={This paper is concerned with field desorption mass spectral (FDMS) analysis of novel disazomethine, disazoacetoacetanilide (diarylide) and disazopyrazolone pigments containing nonmutagenic benzidine homologs. The FD spectra of the aforementioned types of pigments are characterized by intense parent ion peaks [M+.] and relatively intense [M+]/2 daughter ions, a pattern which serves as a fingerprint for these molecular structures.}, number={3}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Sokolowska-Gajda, J and Hinks, D and Haney, CA and Freeman, HS and Tanaka, M}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={159–171} }
 @misc{freeman_sokolowska-gajda_reife_1997, title={Iron-complexed formazan dyes for polyamide and protein substrates}, volume={5,677,434}, number={1997 Oct. 14}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Freeman, H. S. and Sokolowska-Gajda, J. and Reife, A.}, year={1997} }
 @article{sokolowskagajda_freeman_reife_1996, title={Synthetic dyes based on environmental considerations .2. Iron complexed formazan dyes}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/0143-7208(95)00048-8}, abstractNote={This paper is concerned with the synthesis and evaluation of some 1:2 iron complexed formazan dyes for use on wool and nylon. The chemical structures of these new dyes were confirmed with the aid of negative ion FAB mass spectrometry, a technique which also proved instrumental in establishing the nature of the products obtained when unsymmetrical 1:2 iron complexed formazan dyes were synthetic targets. It is clear from the fastness properties obtained that certain of the title compounds could have utility in applications requiring high hightfastness.}, number={1}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={SokolowskaGajda, J and Freeman, HS and Reife, A}, year={1996}, pages={1–20} }
 @article{sokolowska-gajda_freeman_reife_1995, title={Synthesizing premetallized acid dyes based on environmental considerations}, volume={27}, number={2}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Sokolowska-Gajda, J. and Freeman, H. S. and Reife, A.}, year={1995}, pages={13} }
 @article{sokolowskagajda_freeman_reife_1994, title={SYNTHETIC DYES BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS .1. IRON COMPLEXES FOR PROTEIN AND POLYAMIDE FIBERS}, volume={64}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759406400704}, abstractNote={ We have described the synthesis of some novel 1:2 Fe complexed azo dyes and compared their properties with 1:2 Cr and 1:2 Co commercial analogs. We also report the interesting FAB mass spectroscopy analysis of 1:2 metallized azo dyes resulting in the formation of 1:1 complexed dyes and their unmetallized precursors. Results from light- and rubbing-fastness evaluations of these 1:2 Fe metallized dyes show the black dyes to be strong candidates for use on wool and nylon in applications requiring high lightfastness. }, number={7}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={SOKOLOWSKAGAJDA, J and FREEMAN, HS and REIFE, A}, year={1994}, month={Jul}, pages={388–396} }
 @article{sokolowskagajda_freeman_1992, title={A NEW MEDIUM FOR THE DIAZOTIZATION OF 2-AMINO-6-NITROBENZOTHIAZOLE AND 2-AMINOBENZOTHIAZOLE}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/0143-7208(92)85006-8}, abstractNote={Abstract To identify a useful alternative to H 3 PO 4 as a medium for diazotizing heteroaromatic amines a number of organic acids having a similar ionization constant (K 1 ) were examined. It was found that dichloroacetic acid is an effective solvent for both the diazotization of the title compounds and the synthesis of important commercial disperse dyes based on these amines. Dyes such as C.I. Disperse Red 177 and Disperse Violet 52 were readily obtained in 85–90% yield and very pure form.}, number={2}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={SOKOLOWSKAGAJDA, J and FREEMAN, HS}, year={1992}, pages={137–145} }
 @article{freeman_hao_sokolowska-gajda_vanbreemen_1991, title={Matrix selection in the FAB mass spectral analysis of synthetic dyes}, volume={16}, number={4}, journal={Dyes and Pigments}, author={Freeman, H. S. and Hao, Z. and Sokolowska-Gajda, J. and VanBreemen, R. B.}, year={1991}, pages={317} }
 @article{freeman_sokolowskagajda_1990, title={PHOTODEGRADATION OF CI ACID ORANGE-60 AND CI ACID GREEN-25 IN AN AMIDE ENVIRONMENT}, volume={60}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759006000405}, abstractNote={Photodegradation, in solution and in nylon 66 fiber, of two automotive acid dyes (CI acid orange 60 and CI acid green 25) for nylon carpet has been investigated. Photofading in solution was done in dimethylformamide (DMF) with the aid of a 254-nm light source, and the work in nylon fiber used the xenon arc light of an Atlas CI 65 weatherometer. The results show that these dyes fade via a photoreduction process under both sets of conditions, and they suggest that DMF is a suitable model for nylon in characterizing the photodegradation of acid dyes. The structures of the degradation products of the two dyes were determined with the aid of fast atom bom bardment and desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry and by HPLC and TLC comparisons with authentic samples.}, number={4}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={FREEMAN, HS and SOKOLOWSKAGAJDA, J}, year={1990}, month={Apr}, pages={221–227} }
 @article{sokolowskagajda_freeman_1990, title={THE SYNTHESIS OF DISPERSE AND CATIONIC DYES FROM ACID DYE STRUCTURES}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/0143-7208(90)87004-M}, abstractNote={This paper is concerned with the conversion of some mono- and di-sulfonated naphthol azo dyes to disperse dyes suitable for poly(ethyleneterephthalate) fibers, and cationic dyes for cationic dyeable polyester and acrylic fibers. The chemical structure of these new dyes has been confirmed by 1H-NMR, FAB or DCI mass spectrometry, and in some cases by elemental analysis. Some fastness properties and absorption spectral data of both types of dyes are also reported, as well as an interesting limitation in the naphthalene-based acid dyes suitable for the described conversion.}, number={1}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={SOKOLOWSKAGAJDA, J and FREEMAN, HS}, year={1990}, pages={35–48} }
 @article{freeman_sokolowskaogajda_hao_1989, title={13C NMR analysis of some azo and anthraquinone textile dyes}, volume={21}, number={4}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Freeman, H. S. and SokolowskaOGajda, J. and Hao, Z.}, year={1989}, pages={24} }