@article{dreyfuss_geyer_stamper_baldessari_lewbart_2014, title={Zinc toxicosis in a brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1365-2761"]}, DOI={10.1111/jfd.12130}, abstractNote={Journal of Fish DiseasesVolume 37, Issue 4 p. 397-399 Short Communication Zinc toxicosis in a brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill J Dreyfuss, J Dreyfuss College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ Geyer, J Geyer College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorM A Stamper, M A Stamper College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorA Baldessari, A Baldessari College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorG A Lewbart, Corresponding Author G A Lewbart College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USACorrespondence G A Lewbart, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (e-mail: greg_lewbart@ncsu.edu) Search for more papers by this author J Dreyfuss, J Dreyfuss College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ Geyer, J Geyer College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorM A Stamper, M A Stamper College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorA Baldessari, A Baldessari College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorG A Lewbart, Corresponding Author G A Lewbart College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USACorrespondence G A Lewbart, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (e-mail: greg_lewbart@ncsu.edu) Search for more papers by this author First published: 14 June 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12130Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume37, Issue4April 2014Pages 397-399 RelatedInformation}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES}, author={Dreyfuss, J. and Geyer, J. and Stamper, M. A. and Baldessari, A. and Lewbart, G. A.}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={397–399} }
 @article{stamper_harms_epperly_braun-mcneill_avens_stoskopf_2005, title={Relationship between barnacle epibiotic load and hematologic parameters in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), a comparison between migratory and residential animals in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1042-7260"]}, DOI={10.1638/04-074.1}, abstractNote={Health status of a total of 57 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta; 42 migratory and 15 residential turtles) was analyzed using body condition and hematologic parameters. A subset of 18 juvenile migratory loggerhead sea turtles in the fall of 1997 and 15 residential turtles in the summer of 2000 were analyzed for barnacle epibiota. The migratory group had significantly higher red blood cell counts and percent heterophils and significantly lower percent lymphocyte and absolute eosinophil counts, as well as significantly lower plasma concentrations of calcium, sodium, chloride, potassium, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, and anion gap. Many of these variations may be because of physiology of migration. A positive association between turtle weight and hematocrit was detected and may be because of larger turtles diving for longer periods of time. There were no significant differences of epibiota load, health of the turtles, or condition index between turtles captured during the two events.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Stamper, MA and Harms, C and Epperly, SP and Braun-McNeill, J and Avens, L and Stoskopf, MK}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={635–641} }
 @article{keller_kucklick_stamper_harms_mcclellan-green_2004, title={Associations between organochlorine contaminant concentrations and clinical health parameters in loggerhead sea turtles from North Carolina, USA}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1552-9924"]}, DOI={10.1289/ehp.6923}, abstractNote={Widespread and persistent organochlorine (OC) contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides, are known to have broad-ranging toxicities in wildlife. In this study we investigated, for the first time, their possible health effects on loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Nonlethal fat biopsies and blood samples were collected from live turtles for OC contaminant analysis, and concentrations were compared with clinical health assessment data, including hematology, plasma chemistry, and body condition. Concentrations of total PCBs (Sigma PCBs), Sigma DDTs, Sigma chlordanes, dieldrin, and mirex were determined in 44 fat biopsies and 48 blood samples. Blood concentrations of Sigma chlordanes were negatively correlated with red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, indicative of anemia. Positive correlations were observed between most classes of OC contaminants and white blood cell counts and between mirex and Sigma TCDD-like PCB concentrations and the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, suggesting modulation of the immune system. All classes of OCs in the blood except dieldrin were correlated positively with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, indicating possible hepatocellular damage. Mirex and Sigma TCDD-like PCB blood concentrations were negatively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Significant correlations to levels of certain OC contaminant classes also suggested possible alteration of protein (increasing blood urea nitrogen, decreasing albumin:globulin ratio), carbohydrate (decreasing glucose), and ion (increasing sodium, decreasing magnesium) regulation. These correlations suggest that OC contaminants may be affecting the health of loggerhead sea turtles even though sea turtles accumulate lower concentrations of OCs compared with other wildlife.}, number={10}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES}, author={Keller, JM and Kucklick, JR and Stamper, MA and Harms, CA and McClellan-Green, PD}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={1074–1079} }
 @article{stamper_papich_lewbart_may_plummer_stoskopf_2003, title={Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after single intravenous and intramuscular injections}, volume={34}, DOI={10.1638/1042-7260(2003)34[0003:pofils]2.0.co;2}, abstractNote={The pharmocodynamics of single injections of florfenicol in yearling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were determined. Eight juvenile loggerhead sea turtles weighing 1.25 (+/- 0.18) kg were divided into two groups. Four animals received 30 mg/kg of florfenicol i.v., and four received the same dose i.m. Plasma florfenicol concentrations were analyzed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. After the i.v. dose, there was a biphasic decline in plasma florfenicol concentration. The initial steep phase from 3 min to 1 hr had a half-life of 3 min, and there was a longer slow phase of elimination, with a half-life that ranged from 2 to 7.8 hr among turtles. The volume of distribution varied greatly and ranged from 10.46 to -60 L/kg. Clearance after the i.v. dose was 3.6-6.3 L/kg/hr. After the i.m. injection, there was a peak within 30 min of 1.4-5.6 microg/ml, and florfenicol was thereafter eliminated with a half-life of 3.2-4.3 hr. With either route, florfenicol plasma concentrations were below the minimum inhibitory concentrations for sensitive bacteria within 1 hr. Florfenicol does not appear to be a practical antibiotic in sea turtles when administered at these doses.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Stamper, M. A. and Papich, Mark and Lewbart, Gregory and May, S. B. and Plummer, D. D. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={2003}, pages={3–8} }
 @article{chittick_stamper_beasley_lewbart_horne_2002, title={Medetomidine, ketamine, and sevoflurane for anesthesia for injured loggerhead sea turtles: 13 cases (1996-2000)}, volume={221}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2002.221.1019}, abstractNote={To determine safety and efficacy of an anesthetic protocol incorporating medetomidine, ketamine, and sevoflurane for anesthesia of injured loggerhead sea turtles.Retrospective study.13 loggerhead sea turtles.Anesthesia was induced with medetomidine (50 microg/kg [22.7 microg/lb], IV) and ketamine (5 mg/kg (2.3 mg/lb], IV) and maintained with sevoflurane (0.5 to 2.5%) in oxygen. Sevoflurane was delivered with a pressure-limited intermittent-flow ventilator. Heart rate and rhythm, end-tidal partial pressure of CO2, and cloacal temperature were monitored continuously; venous blood gas analyses were performed intermittently. Administration of sevoflurane was discontinued 30 to 60 minutes prior to the end of the surgical procedure. Atipamezole (0.25 mg/kg [0.11 mg/lb], IV) was administered at the end of surgery.Median induction time was 11 minutes (range, 2 to 40 minutes; n = 11). Median delivered sevoflurane concentrations 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after intubation were 2.5 (n = 12), 1.5 (12), 1.25 (12), and 0.5% (8), respectively. Heart rate decreased during surgery to a median value of 15 beats/min (n = 11). End-tidal partial pressure of CO2 ranged from 2 to 16 mm Hg (n = 8); median blood gas values were within reference limits. Median time from atipamezole administration to extubation was 14 minutes (range, 2 to 84 minutes; n = 7).Results suggest that a combination of medetomidine and ketamine for induction and sevoflurane for maintenance provides safe, effective, controllable anesthesia in injured loggerhead sea turtles.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Chittick, EJ and Stamper, MA and Beasley, JF and Lewbart, GA and Horne, WA}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={1019–1025} }
 @article{stamper_norton_2002, title={Ovariectomy in a brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)}, volume={33}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Stamper, M. A. and Norton, T.}, year={2002}, pages={172–175} }
 @article{bush_grobler_raath_phillips_stamper_lance_2001, title={Use of medetomidine and ketamine for immobilization of free-ranging giraffes}, volume={218}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2001.218.245}, abstractNote={Abstract Objective —To develop a dosage correlated with shoulder height (SH) in centimeters for effective immobilization of free-ranging giraffes, using a combination of medetomidine (MED) and ketamine (KET) and reversal with atipamezole (ATP) Design —Prospective study. Animals —23 free-ranging giraffes. Procedure —The drug combination (MED and KET) was administered by use of a projectile dart. Quality of induction, quality of immobilization, and time to recovery following injection of ATP were evaluated. Physiologic variables measured during immobilization included PaO2, PaCO2, oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2, blood pH, indirect arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, and rectal temperature. Results —Sixteen giraffes became recumbent with a dosage (mean ± SD) of 143 ± 29 µg of MED and 2.7 ± 0.6 mg of KET/cm of SH. Initially, giraffes were atactic and progressed to lateral recumbency. Three giraffes required casting with ropes for data collection, with dosages of 166 ± 5 µg of MED and 3.2 ± 0.6 mg of KET/cm of SH. Four giraffes required administration of etorphine (n = 2) or were cast with ropes (2) for capture but remained dangerous to personnel once recumbent, precluding data collection. In giraffes successfully immobilized, physiologic monitoring revealed hypoxia and increased respiratory rates. Values for PaCO 2 , end-tidal CO 2 , and heart rate remained within reference ranges. All giraffes were hypertensive and had a slight increase in rectal temperature. Atipamezole was administered at 340 ± 20 µg/cm of SH, resulting in rapid and smooth recoveries. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Medetomidine and KET was an effective immobilizing combination for free-ranging giraffes; however, at the dosages used, it does not induce adequate analgesia for major manipulative procedures. Quality of induction and immobilization were enhanced if the giraffe was calm. Reversal was rapid and complete following injection of ATP. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;218:245–249)}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Bush, M and Grobler, DG and Raath, JP and Phillips, LG and Stamper, MA and Lance, WR}, year={2001}, month={Jan}, pages={245–249} }
 @article{nutter_lee_stamper_lewbart_stoskopf_2000, title={Hemiovariosalpingectomy in a loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)}, volume={146}, ISSN={["0042-4900"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.146.3.78}, abstractNote={Veterinary RecordVolume 146, Issue 3 p. 78-80 Short Communication Hemiovanosalpingecomy in a loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) F. B. Nutter DVM, F. B. Nutter DVM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorD. D. Lee DVM, D. D. Lee DVM Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorM. A. Stamper DVM, DipACZM, M. A. Stamper DVM, DipACZM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorG. A. Lewbart MS, VMD, G. A. Lewbart MS, VMD Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorM. K. Stoskopf DVM, PhD, DipACZM, M. K. Stoskopf DVM, PhD, DipACZM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this author F. B. Nutter DVM, F. B. Nutter DVM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorD. D. Lee DVM, D. D. Lee DVM Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorM. A. Stamper DVM, DipACZM, M. A. Stamper DVM, DipACZM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorG. A. Lewbart MS, VMD, G. A. Lewbart MS, VMD Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorM. K. Stoskopf DVM, PhD, DipACZM, M. K. Stoskopf DVM, PhD, DipACZM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 January 2000 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.146.3.78Citations: 25Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. References FRAZER, N. B. (1995) Loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta. In National Marine Fisheries Service and US Fish and Wildlife Service Status Reviews for Sea Turtles Listed Under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Ed P. T. Plotkin. Maryland, Silver Spring, National Marine Fisheries Service. pp 1– 13 LEGLER, J. M. (1958) Extra-uterine migration of ova in turtles. Herpetologica 14, 49– 52 LUTZ, P. L. & DUNBAR-COOPER, A. (1987) Variations in the blood chemistry of the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta. Fishery Bulletin 85, 37– 43 MAHMOUD, I. Y. & KLICKA, J. (1975) Extra-uterine egg migration in snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina. Journal of Herpetology 9, 242– 243 MILLER, J. D. (1997) Reproductive in sea turtles. In The Biology of Sea Turtles. Eds P. L. Lutz, J. A. Musick. CRC Press, New York. pp 51– 81 RAITI, P. (1995) Reproductive problems of reptiles. Proceedings of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians. pp 101– 105 TINKLE, D. W. (1959) Additional remarks on extra-uterine egg migration in turtles. Herpetologica 15, 161– 162 United States Department Of Commerce (1997) Endangered Species Act biennial report to Congress on the status of recovery programs, July 1994 – September 1996. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. p 45 Citing Literature Volume146, Issue3January 2000Pages 78-80 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Nutter, FB and Lee, DD and Stamper, MA and Lewbart, GA and Stoskopf, MK}, year={2000}, month={Jan}, pages={78–80} }
 @article{stamper_norton_spodnick_marti_loomis_1999, title={Hypospadias in a polar bear (Ursus maritimus).}, volume={30}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Stamper, M. A. and Norton, T. and Spodnick, G. and Marti, J. and Loomis, M.}, year={1999}, pages={141–144} }
 @article{stamper_papich_lewbart_may_plummer_stoskopf_1999, title={Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after single intravenous and intramuscular injections}, volume={30}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Stamper, M. A. and Papich, M. G. and Lewbart, G. A. and May, S. B. and Plummer, D. D. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={1999}, pages={32–35} }
 @article{stamper_lewbart_barrington_harms_geoly_stoskopf_1998, title={Eimeria southwelli infection associated with high mortality of cownose rays}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1548-8667"]}, DOI={10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0264:ESIAWH>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={The coccidian Eimeria southwelli is associated with chronic fatal disease in captive cownose rays Rhinoptera bonasus. Clinical signs include discoloration of the epidermis, emaciation, coelomic cavity distention, and death. The oocysts can be demonstrated in coelomic fluid obtained by coelomic aspiration. Prevalence of E. southwelli in wild cownose rays was 92% in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA. Recommended management practices include strict quarantine and screening by using coelomic cavity aspirate sampling. A dosage of 10 mg toltrazuril/kg orally once a day for 5 d reduces but may not eliminate parasitic loads.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH}, author={Stamper, MA and Lewbart, GA and Barrington, PR and Harms, CA and Geoly, F and Stoskopf, MK}, year={1998}, month={Sep}, pages={264–270} }
 @article{stamper_gulland_spraker_1998, title={Leptospirosis in rehabilitated Pacific harbor seals from California}, volume={34}, ISSN={["0090-3558"]}, DOI={10.7589/0090-3558-34.2.407}, abstractNote={Renal disease was observed in two rehabilitated Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) from a facility in California (USA). The seals had leukocytosis and high serum phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations. A retrospective study of leptospiral antibody serum titers indicated both seals had elevated titers to Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa. A third seal, which died about the time when the index cases occurred, also had elevated titers to L. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa. Post mortem histopathologic examination of all three seals showed tubular necrosis consistent with interstitial nephritis; spirochetes were seen within the kidney parenchyma of the third seal. Sea lions (Zalophus californianus) or elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) housed near the harbor seals were possible sources of exposure, but local wildlife also could have been responsible.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES}, author={Stamper, MA and Gulland, FMD and Spraker, T}, year={1998}, month={Apr}, pages={407–410} }