@article{nicklas_moisan_stone_gookin_2010, title={In Situ Molecular Diagnosis and Histopathological Characterization of Enteroadherent Enterococcus hirae Infection in Pre-Weaning-Age Kittens}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1098-660X"]}, DOI={10.1128/jcm.00916-09}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTThe bacterial causes of diarrhea can be frustrating to identify, and it is likely that many remain undiagnosed. The pathogenic potential of certain bacteria becomes less ambiguous when they are observed to intimately associate with intestinal epithelial cells. In the present study we sought to retrospectively characterize the clinical,in situmolecular, and histopathological features of enteroadherent bacteria in seven unrelated kittens that were presumptively diagnosed with enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) on the basis of postmortem light microscopic and, in some cases, microbiological examination. Characterization of the enteroadherent bacteria in each case was performed by Gram staining,in situhybridization using fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probes, PCR amplification of species-specific gene sequences, and ultrastructural imaging applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of intestinal tissue. In only two kittens was EPEC infection confirmed. In the remaining five kittens, enteroadherent bacteria were identified asEnterococcusspp. The enterococci were further identified asEnterococcus hiraeon the basis of PCR amplification of DNA extracted from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and amplified by using species-specific primers. Transmission electron microscopy of representative lesions fromE. coli- andEnterococcusspp.-infected kittens revealed coccobacilli adherent to intestinal epithelial cells without effacement of microvilli or cup-and-pedestal formation. Enterococci were not observed, nor were DNA sequences amplified from intestinal tissue obtained from age-matched kittens euthanized for reasons unrelated to intestinal disease. These studies suggest thatE. hiraemay be a common cause of enteroadherent bacterial infection in pre-weaning-age kittens and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bacterial disease in this population.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Nicklas, Jodi L. and Moisan, Peter and Stone, Maria R. and Gookin, Jody L.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={2814–2820} }
 @article{hummel_grooters_davidson_jennings_nicklas_birkenheuer_2011, title={Successful management of gastrointestinal pythiosis in a dog using itraconazole, terbinafine, and mefenoxam}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1369-3786"]}, DOI={10.3109/13693786.2010.543705}, abstractNote={Medical therapy for pythiosis is hampered by a lack of efficacious drugs. The present report describes a case of canine gastrointestinal pythiosis in which lesions were resolved through the administration of itraconazole, terbinafine, and the agricultural fungicide mefenoxam. No substantial adverse effects occurred in association with administration of the latter compound. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of mefenoxam and to further assess its tolerability and potential efficacy for the treatment of pythiosis in dogs.}, number={5}, journal={MEDICAL MYCOLOGY}, author={Hummel, James and Grooters, Amy and Davidson, Gigi and Jennings, Samuel and Nicklas, Jodi and Birkenheuer, Adam}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={539–542} }