@article{wetmore_mitchell_meyer_genter_1999, title={Evidence for site-specific bioactivation of alachlor in the olfactory mucosa of the Long-Evans rat}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1096-6080"]}, DOI={10.1093/toxsci/49.2.202}, abstractNote={Alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-[methoxymethyl]-acetanilide) is a restricted-use chloracetanilide herbicide which has been shown previously to produce a dose-dependent incidence of olfactory mucosal tumors in rats following chronic dietary exposure. However, the mechanism of alachlor carcinogenicity is poorly understood. Alachlor was administered i.p. to male Long-Evans rats for up to 28 days at doses that are carcinogenic in chronic studies in order to study olfactory lesion development and alterations in cell proliferation. Neither treatment-related olfactory mucosal lesions nor regenerative cell proliferation, as assessed with BrdU labeling, was detected. In vitro genotoxicity studies using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 showed that alachlor was non-mutagenic in the absence of metabolic activation. When pre-incubated with an olfactory mucosal S9 activation system, alachlor induced a weak, dose-dependent mutagenic response at 500-1250 micrograms/plate, with toxicity at higher doses. In contrast, an S9 activation system derived from nasal respiratory mucosa, the tissue physically juxtaposed with the olfactory mucosa but reportedly not susceptible to alachlor-induced tumors, did not produce a mutagenic response for alachlor or the positive control. Thus, this result suggested site-specificity of alachlor activation consistent with the target site of carcinogenicity. The mutagenicity of alachlor to Salmonella, in the presence of an olfactory mucosal-activating system, was confirmed by a limited positive response in the mouse lymphoma assay. Here there were increases in small colony mutants (indicative of chromosomal effects) as well as large colony mutants (which reflect gene mutations). This study suggests that target tissue bioactivation of alachlor results in the formation of one or more mutagenic metabolite(s), which may be critical in alachlor-induced nasal tumorigenesis.}, number={2}, journal={TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES}, author={Wetmore, BA and Mitchell, AD and Meyer, SA and Genter, MB}, year={1999}, month={Jun}, pages={202–212} }
 @article{ryals_genter_leidy_1998, title={Assessment of surface water quality on three eastern North Carolina golf courses}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1552-8618"]}, DOI={10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<1934:AOSWQO>2.3.CO;2}, abstractNote={The golf course industry has become increasingly aware of potential problems related to pesticide and fertilizer movement from soil into surface water and groundwater. Recently, the industry has started to change application practices and pesticide formulations and to participate in routine monitoring studies. Three southeastern North Carolina golf courses agreed to participate in a surface water quality study to determine the movement of fertilizers and related pesticides into surface waters. All three golf courses have ponds that provide irrigation water, from which samples were collected every two weeks. Each course has a sandy loam soil and adjoins wetlands, saline marshes, or elevated water tables. The data indicate that impact to the surface waters from the courses was minimal. Of the four pesticides (atrazine, chlorothalonil [Daconil®], chlorpyrifos [Dursban®], and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and two nutrients (nitrogen and phosphate) surveyed, only 16 samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's health advisory levels. All analyses of the samples collected from the outflows of the courses were below their detectable levels.}, number={10}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY}, author={Ryals, SC and Genter, MB and Leidy, RB}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={1934–1942} }
 @article{ryals_genter_leidy_1998, title={Shaker bath adaptation to the environmental protection agency's cadmium column reduction method (Method 353.3) for the determination of nitrate in water samples}, volume={60}, number={4}, journal={Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (Online)}, author={Ryals, S. C. and Genter, M. B. and Leidy, R.}, year={1998}, pages={519–524} }